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SECTION 3
Summary of Literature Review
on Planning for Road Pricing
Certain literature on local, regional, and state transportation planning processes is helpful to
devising recommendations for treating road pricing in the formal planning process as undertaken
by regional and state agencies in line with federal law and regulation. The background information
reviewed in this section on transportation planning carried on by metropolitan planning organi-
zations (MPOs), congestion management agencies, and state departments of transportation
(DOTs) offer consistent and pertinent findings for how the formal planning process proceeds and
how planning for road pricing can and should fit with the process.
Appendix A provides detailed findings and references from the literature on planning. Overall
findings from background information pertaining to planning for road pricing are as follows.
3.1 Domestic Scan of Congestion Pricing
and Managed Lanes
A recent survey by DKS Associates of selected MPOs and state DOTs in 10 metropolitan areas
examined how they are planning for congestion pricing and managed lanes (DKS Associates, Feb-
ruary 2009). Important findings include the following:
· The study found congestion pricing in eight metropolitan areas "started with individual proj-
ects," versus deriving from within regional plans.
· As interest has moved from individual projects to regional approaches, "integration into the
metropolitan planning process has also increased."
· Policy specifying the use of road pricing revenues has evolved in metropolitan transportation
plans (MTPs), most often to cover cost of implementation and maintenance, often with excess
revenues going to fund transit improvements. However, given the size and extent of typical
high-occupancy toll (HOT) lane pricing projects, revenues have not been sufficiently large yet
to be significant in meeting MTP financial constraint.
· All HOT land projects reviewed involved assessing air quality impacts and mitigation to meet
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and/or California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA) requirements.
· Analysis of congestion pricing among the metropolitan areas surveyed relied on the regional
travel model for analysis, often supplemented by other tools with added sensitivity to pricing
and/or for analysis of costs and benefits.
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