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OCR for page 13
C H A P T E R 3
Data to Be Collected
Driver Demographics · VIN (vehicle identification number, nonpersonally identi-
and Vehicle Inventory fying digits only);
· Make;
Basic demographic data will be gathered from each primary · Model;
driver. The list currently includes the following: · Year;
· Style/trim level (e.g., LX, EX, EX-L, or Touring for the 2010
· Gender;
Honda Odyssey);
· Date of birth; · Body style (e.g., coupe, sedan, or wagon);
· Ethnicity;
· Color;
· Race;
· Safety features (e.g., antilock brake system [ABS]; electronic
· Country of birth;
stability control [ESC]; front, side, curtain airbags; forward
· Education level;
collision warning [FCW]; lane departure warning [LDW];
· Marital status;
adaptive cruise control [ACC]); and
· Household makeup;
· Infotainment features (e.g., integrated navigation or info-
· Household ownership;
·
tainment systems).
Working status;
· Vocation;
· Household income; Driver Assessment
· Household population (i.e., number of people living at par-
ticipant's residence); In a study such as this, it is desirable to measure certain driving-
· Household age categories; related functional capabilities and limitations of the partici-
· Number of vehicles (i.e., number of vehicles residing at the pants. These, singly or combined in some fashion, may help to
participant's residence); explain some of the variability in the driving or crash-related
· Zip code; data observed. If so, such factors may lead to the development
· Years of residence (i.e., number of years of residence in cur- of countermeasures targeting such individual differences or
rent neighborhood); impairments.
· Vehicular travel (i.e., estimated number of miles driven last As part of the development of the driver testing suite, a
year by the participant); review of the relevant literature was conducted to help devise
· Business use (i.e., is the instrumented vehicle used for busi- the assessment plan. In addition, a blue-ribbon panel of experts
ness purposes?); thoroughly reviewed all aspects of the plan and provided invalu-
· Business purpose (i.e., if the instrumented vehicle is used for able, iterative feedback. All of their concerns were addressed
business purposes, what are those business purposes?); and in some fashion, and all members of the panel ultimately indi-
· Licensure age (i.e., at what age did the participant receive cated their approval of the plan that is presented herein.
his or her first driver's license?). On the basis of the exercise described, an approach was
defined wherein each participant will be assessed on several
In addition, the instrumented vehicle will be inventoried to dimensions thought to be relevant to driving and poten-
record its basic facts as well as additional options and features. tially predictive of some portion of driving behaviors, prob-
This inventory will include at least the following: lems, or crash-related events (e.g., crashes and near crashes). A
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systematic approach was undertaken to identify the most rele- be filled in at the assessment site or later (e.g., within a week
vant dimensions and essential criteria in the development of installation). The first participant compensation payment
of the resulting driver assessment testing plan. The sleep will be made after all driver assessment activities, including
questionnaire was constructed in close coordination with the filling in all questionnaires, have been completed.
Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine. The assessments to be implemented are listed in Tables 3.1
The selected relevant dimensions were executive function to 3.7.
and cognition; visual perception; various visualcognitive,
physical, and psychomotor abilities; personality factors; sleep- Table 3.1. Visual Perception Assessments
related factors; medicines and medical conditions; driving
Measurement In Person/ Estimated
knowledge; and history. Executive function (EF) broadly Construct Description Online Time (min)
encompasses a set of cognitive skills that are responsible for
the planning, initiation, sequencing, and monitoring of com- High-light Optec 6500P In person
contrast (Figure 3.1) 5
plex goal-directed behavior (Royall et al. 2002). The criteria
sensitivity
used in selecting the testing instruments to measure each of
these dimensions were comprehensiveness, evidence of pre- Low-light
contrast 5
dictive value, feasibility of administration, uniqueness, per- sensitivity
sistence, and feasibility of replication.
Near static
The driver assessments are intended to be administered in 5
acuity
a 2- to 3-hour period that will, for the most part, occur simul-
Far static
taneously with vehicle instrumentation. A pilot test of the 5
acuity
suite of driver assessments was conducted and, on the basis of
Depth
the outcome of that pilot test, it is believed that they can be 5
perception
administered within that time frame. The current driver test-
Color vision 5
ing assessments are listed below.
Some instruments will be administered by trained person- Peripheral 5
vision
nel; other instruments include online questionnaires that can
Table 3.2. Visual-Cognitive Assessments
In Person/ Estimated
Measurement Construct Description Online Time (min) Comments
Spatial relationships Motor-Free Visual Perception Test In person 3 Included in DrivingHealth
(MVPT) Visual Closure Subtest Inventory software
Central vision and processing speed Useful Field of View In person 5
Divided/selective attention (UFOV)--Part 2 only
Divided attention Trail-Making Test (A & B) In person 6
Rapid Pace Walk (discussed in In person
Table 3.4 below but also included
here, since it is recorded within
the DrivingHealth Inventory
software)
Table 3.3. Cognitive and Psychomotor Assessments
In Person/ Estimated
Measurement Construct Description Online Time (min) Comments
Executive function/working memory Connors' Continuous Performance In person 15
Reaction time Test II (CPT II), Ver. 5.1
Dementia Clock-Drawing Test: In person Administered to all
Draw a clock 2 participants
Put in all the numbers
Set the hands at 10 past 11
