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TABLE 17 ing authorities; and fare subsidies from the city or the pri-
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAY-TO-DAY vate sector. Half of the respondents indicated that the tran-
OPERATION OF THE DOWNTOWN CIRCULATOR
sit agency does not use federal funds for the downtown
No. of circulator, 44% indicated that federal funds were used, and
Agencies % Agencies
Responsible Entity Responding Responding 6% were not sure.
Transit Agency 32 76.2
City 4 9.5 Table 20 elaborates on private-sector contributions. The
Private-Sector Entity 2 4.8 private sector participates in circulator funding primarily
TMA 1 2.4 through downtown businesses or business improvement dis-
Other 3 7.1 tricts. "Other" responses include a ski resort, private develop-
Total Responding Agencies 42 100 ment revenue, and the TMA, but largely redirecting county
TMA = Transportation Management Association. grants and taxes back to the county.
OPERATION
Table 18 shows the nature of the interaction in the eight
cases where the transit agency does not have primary respon- Several different types of vehicles are used as downtown
sibility for day-to-day operations. The relationship between circulators, as shown in Table 21. Replica trolleys and his-
the responsible entity and the transit agency is characterized toric streetcars are appealing, but many agencies use regular
by cooperation; no respondent reported a hostile relationship transit buses. These are often differentiated with a special
with the transit agency. paint scheme or other means of branding, as indicated in
Table 22. The "Other" vehicle in Table 21 is a single-car,
Table 19 presents funding sources for the downtown cir- light rail vehicle.
culator. The most common arrangement (41% of respon-
dents) is for the transit agency to pay all costs; however, Tables 23 and 24 indicate that the transit agency is most
there are a variety of other funding situations. "Other" likely to purchase and maintain the vehicles. "Other" pur-
responses included more complex combinations of funding chasers include the county, TMA, contractor, MPO, and stu-
sources; partial or full funding from the state, the county, dent government. "Other" maintainers include the county and
the metropolitan planning organization (MPO); and park- a combination of the county and the contractor.
TABLE 18
INTERACTION WITH THE TRANSIT AGENCY REGARDING THE
DOWNTOWN CIRCULATOR
No. of
Agencies % Agencies
Nature of Interaction Responding Responding
Cooperation--Contact as Needed 4 50.0
Close Cooperation--Frequent Contact (at least 3 37.5
weekly)
Neutral--The Circulator Is Viewed as a Separate 1 12.5
Entity
Total Responding Agencies 8 100
TABLE 19
FUNDING FOR THE DOWNTOWN CIRCULATOR
No. of
Agencies % Agencies
Funding Source Responding Responding
Transit agency pays all costs 17 40.5
Transit agency splits costs with private sector 7 16.7
Transit agency splits costs with city/other public 6 14.3
entity
City pays all costs 5 11.9
Grant to city specifically for the circulator 2 4.8
Grant to transit agency specifically for the circulator 1 2.4
City splits costs with private sector 1 2.4
Other 10 23.8
Total Responding Agencies 42 100
Note: Multiple responses allowed; percentages do not add to 100%.
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TABLE 20 Table 25 shows start and end times for the downtown cir-
PRIVATE-SECTOR FUNDING OF DOWNTOWN CIRCULATORS culator by day of the week. The most common start time is
No. of during the 6:00 a.m. hour on weekdays, during the 9:00 a.m.
Agencies % Agencies hour on Saturday, and during the 10:00 a.m. hour on Sunday.
Private-Sector Entity Responding Responding The most common end time (defined as the start time of the
Downtown Businesses or Business 5 50.0
Improvement Districts final trip) is during the 6:00 p.m. hour on weekdays and Sun-
TMA 1 10.0 day and at or after midnight on Saturday.
Tourism Organization 1 10.0
Other 3 30.0 Table 26 shows spans of service and headways for the
Total Responding Agencies 10 100 downtown circulator by day of the week. The table reports
TMA = Transportation Management Association.
median, minimum, and maximum spans and headways. Most
respondents provided the prevailing headway throughout the
TABLE 21
day, but several reported a range of headways. Prevailing
VEHICLES USED AS DOWNTOWN CIRCULATORS headway and range of headways are shown separately in
No. of
Table 26. Span of service is longest on weekdays and shortest
Agencies % Agencies on Sunday. Median prevailing headways are 15 min on week-
Vehicle Responding Responding days and Saturday and 12 min on Sunday. The apparent
Rubber Tired Trolley/Historic Streetcar 13 31.7 anomaly of more frequent service on Sunday occurs because
Transit Bus 30 Feet or Larger 7 17.1 only 24 circulators out of a total of 45 operate on Sunday and
Transit Bus Under 30 Feet 7 17.1
these have the most frequent service. Median ranges of head-
Mix of Vehicles 7 17.1
ways are shortest on weekdays and longest on Sunday.
Electric or Electric-Hybrid Vehicle 3 7.3
Cutaway 1 2.4
Table 27 indicates that the majority of respondents do not
Steel Wheel Trolley 1 2.4
charge a fare on their downtown circulator. The fare is a nom-
Van 1 2.4
Other 1 2.4
inal amount (20 or 25 cents) for 6 of the 16 systems that spec-
Total Responding Agencies 41 100
ified a fare. One surprise noted in the table is that seven
agencies charge $1.00 or more for downtown circulator ser-
Note: Percentages do not add to 100% due to rounding. vice. Three of these agencies have tourists as their primary
market, including two that charge the highest fare ($2.00). In
TABLE 22 three other cases, the downtown circulator fare is less than the
BRANDING OF DOWNTOWN CIRCULATOR VEHICLES
base adult fare on the transit system. In the seventh case, the
No. of fare for the downtown circulator is identical to the regular
Agencies % Agencies
Specially Branded? Responding Responding transit fare.
Yes 26 63.4
No 15 36.6 A wide variety of fare media is accepted on the downtown
Total Responding Agencies 41 100 circulator, as shown in Table 28. Cash is almost universally
accepted, and transit agency passes are also a common means
of payment. "Other" responses include a smart card or regional
TABLE 23
WHO PURCHASES THE VEHICLES? electronic monthly pass, an all-day individual or family circu-
lator pass, no fare for seniors, and occasional prepaid fare
No. of
Agencies % Agencies agreement with a specific convention that allows attendees to
Vehicle Purchaser Responding Responding ride free with their convention ID.
Transit Agency 32 78.0
City 4 9.8 Introduction of or revisions to a downtown circulator route
Other 5 12.2 might offer the opportunity to restructure other routes in the
Total Responding Agencies 41 100 downtown area. Most respondents indicated that this did not
occur (see Table 29); however, 13 agencies did change other
TABLE 24 routes as a result of the circulator. In most cases, these agen-
WHO MAINTAINS THE VEHICLES? cies streamlined routes in the downtown area and facilitated
No. of transfers between regular routes and the circulator.
Agencies % Agencies
Vehicle Maintainer Responding Responding
Agencies have taken different approaches to the integration
Transit Agency 27 65.9
of the downtown circulator with the transit network, as shown
Contractor 10 24.4
City 2 4.9
in Table 30. Connections are provided at major transfer points
Other 2 4.9
for the majority of circulators. Almost 20% of respondents
Total Responding Agencies 41 100 indicated that there is no integration and that the circulator is
separate from the rest of the transit system. Lack of integration
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TABLE 25
START AND END TIMES FOR DOWNTOWN CIRCULATORS BY DAY OF THE WEEK
Weekday Saturday Sunday
Time No. of No. of No. of
% Agencies % Agencies % Agencies
Agencies Agencies Agencies
Responding Responding Responding
Responding Responding Responding
Start Time
Before 6 a.m. 10 22.2 4 12.5 3 12.5
66:59 a.m. 15 33.3 3 9.4 1 4.2
77:59 a.m. 7 15.6 3 9.4 2 8.3
88:59 a.m. 4 8.9 5 15.6 3 12.5
99:59 a.m. 4 8.9 9 28.1 5 20.8
1010:59 a.m. 3 6.7 6 18.8 8 33.3
11 a.m. and
2 4.4 2 6.3 2 8.3
after
Total 45 100 32 100 24 100
End Time
Before 5 p.m. 2 4.4 -- -- 1 4.2
55:59 p.m. 6 13.3 6 18.8 4 16.7
66:59 p.m. 10 22.2 7 21.9 7 29.2
77:59 p.m. 8 17.8 4 12.5 3 12.5
88:59 p.m. 2 4.4 -- -- 1 4.2
99:59 p.m. 4 8.9 1 3.1 1 4.2
1010:59
2 4.4 1 3.1 1 4.2
p.m.
1111:59
4 8.9 4 12.5 1 4.2
p.m.
12 a.m. and
7 15.6 9 28.1 5 20.8
after
Total 45 100 32 100 24 100
TABLE 26
SPANS OF SERVICE AND HEADWAYS FOR DOWNTOWN CIRCULATORS
BY DAY OF THE WEEK
Measure Weekday Saturday Sunday
Median Span 13:00 11:25 9:38
Minimum Span 3:00 6:29 5:51
Maximum Span 21:00 20:30 19:30
Median Prevailing Headway 15 15 12
Minimum Prevailing Headway 6 3.75 3.75
Maximum Prevailing Headway 60 60 60
Median Headway Range 10 to 15 12 to 15 12.5 to 17.5
Minimum Headway Range 1.25 to 3.75 7 to 10 7 to 10
Maximum Headway Range 20 to 30 20 to 30 20 to 30
TABLE 27 TABLE 28
DOWNTOWN CIRCULATOR FARE FARE MEDIA ACCEPTED ON DOWNTOWN CIRCULATOR
No. of Agencies % Agencies No. of Agencies % Agencies
Fare Responding Responding Fare Media Responding Responding
Free 23 54.8 Cash 17 94.4
20 to 25 Cents 6 14.3 Transit Agency Monthly Passes 14 77.8
50 to 75 Cents 4 9.5 Transit Agency Day Passes 12 66.7
$1.00 or Higher 7 16.7 Transit Agency Other Passes 12 66.7
Fare Not Specified 2 4.8 Transit Agency Transfers 8 44.4
Total Responding Agencies 42 100 Transfers Within Circulator System 6 33.3
Downtown Circulator Passes 4 22.2
Note: Percentages do not add to 100% due to rounding.
Tokens 4 22.2
Other 5 27.8
Total Responding Agencies 18 100%
Note: Multiple responses allowed; percentages do not add to 100%.
