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Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices (2011)

Chapter: Glossary of Terms

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Page 40
Suggested Citation:"Glossary of Terms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14500.
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Page 40
Page 41
Suggested Citation:"Glossary of Terms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14500.
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Page 41

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41 This section contains the definitions of 26 key terms used in the airport pavement management area. The objective of the glossary of terms is to facilitate communication between all concerned parties. It is not intended to override the established usage of terms by various agencies. The terms are listed in an alphabetical order. Airport Pavement Maintenance Management Program— The main characteristics of this program are defined by Public Law 103-305 (2004). Briefly, the program specifies how airport agencies should monitor and report the condi- tion of airport pavements to be eligible for federal funding for pavement preservation. Airport Pavement Maintenance Management System— Application of management principles to the maintenance of airport pavements. The terms airport pavement maintenance management system and airport pavement management system are sometimes use interchangeably depending on the understanding of what constitutes pavement maintenance. Airport Pavement Management System (APMS)—A pavement management system (defined subsequently) applied to airfield pavements. Asset management—A systematic process of maintaining, upgrading, and operating physical assets cost-effectively. Pavement maintenance is part of the management of airport assets. It is typically assumed that an asset management process can provide a logical approach to the management of assets by combining engineering science with sound business and accounting practices. The other desired feature of asset management is that it can facilitate coordination of planning and funding actions across all types of physical assets, such as pavements, buildings, and guidance and lighting installations. Budgeting—A process of developing, securing, and admin- istering a budget. Corrective maintenance—Also called reactive mainte- nance, is defined as a maintenance activity performed after pavement defects occur; that is, loss of pavement friction, rutting, or cracking. Corrective maintenance treatments are generally less desirable than preventive maintenance treatments. However, preventive maintenance treatments, such as crack sealing, also correct pavement defects. It is also possible that a specific corrective maintenance treat- ment is the right treatment at the right time. Other differ- ences between corrective and maintenance are discussed under preventive maintenance. Emergency maintenance—Maintenance treatments per- formed during an emergency situation, such as filling in a large pothole or removing foreign object debris, for both old and new pavements. Life-cycle cost analysis—An economic analysis procedure used to compare alternative pavement structures or pave- ment preservation strategies and treatments over an extended period of time (often 20 years or more) taking into account life-cycle costs. The life-cycle costs include agency costs (initial construction costs and all subsequent maintenance and rehabilitation costs), as well as user costs (such as the cost of operational delays or restrictions during construc- tion). The quantification of user costs in monetary terms is not always used and is not always possible. Multi-year planning—A process that plans future pavement preservation activities on the network level over a period of 5 years or more. Network-level management—Management activities car- ried out at the network level concern all or a substantial part of airport pavements. Decisions made at the network level are typically planning, budgeting, or policy decisions. Pavement condition—A measure of the way the pavement serves the intended purpose. Pavement condition can be described using the characteristics of individual defects such as roughness or the lack of pavement friction, or using characteristics that combine the influence of several defects such as a Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Pavement con- dition assessment also includes pavement structural evalu- ation and testing. Pavement maintenance—A strategy to maintain pavements in the desired condition. Traditionally, for roadway pave- ments, pavement maintenance treatments are those that do not substantially improve pavement condition or add to pavement strength, such as crack and joint sealing. For airport pavements, the term pavement maintenance often encompasses both maintenance and rehabilitation treat- ments. The possible reason for using “maintenance” as a syn- onym for “maintenance and rehabilitation” is Public Law 103-305 (1994). This law requires that a public airport must implement an “effective airport pavement maintenance- management program as a precondition for being consid- ered for funding of replacement or reconstruction of airport pavements.” This phraseology links a maintenance man- agement program with replacement and reconstruction. The Government Accounting Standards Board, which influ- ences how expenses appear on financial statements, defines maintenance as the act of keeping fixed assets in an accept- able condition; that is, keeping conditions at satisfactory rather than at initial design levels (Lemer 2004). In this report, the term pavement maintenance means the tradi- tional definition of maintenance as a treatment that does not substantially modify the existing pavement surface layers. Pavement maintenance treatment—A specific mainte- nance action; a part of a pavement maintenance strategy. Pavement management—A process that assists the custo- dians of pavement networks in finding optimum strategies for providing and maintaining pavements in a serviceable condition over a period of time. Pavement Management System—An application of pave- ment management principles that encompasses a wide GLOSSARY OF TERMS

spectrum of activities including periodic evaluation of pavement condition, planning and programming of pave- ment preservation activities, pavement design, and construc- tion. For airport pavements, a pavement management system is also called an airport pavement maintenance sys- tem. Some airports may operate two complementary sys- tems, one for airfield pavements and one for roads and parking lots. Pavement performance—Pavement condition recorded over a period of time. Pavement performance describes how the pavement condition changes over time. Pavement preservation—Also known as airport pavement preservation, this is a program of activities designed to preserve the investment in the nation’s airport pavements. Pavement preservation is a sum of all activities undertaken to keep pavements in good repair and to meet the users’ needs. Pavement preservation includes routine maintenance, emergency maintenance, preventive maintenance, correc- tive maintenance, and rehabilitation. Pavement preservation treatments include treatments ranging from crack sealing to asphalt overlays and a full-depth slab replacement. The FHWA Pavement Preservation Expert Task Group defined pavement preservation as “a program employing a net- work level, long-term strategy that enhances pavement performance by using an integrated, cost-effective set of practices that extend pavement life, improve safety and meet motorist expectations” (Pavement Preservation Compendium II 2006). Pavement rehabilitation—A strategy undertaken to restore pavement to its original condition using rehabilitation treatments such as pavement overlays and the replacement of failed portland cement concrete slabs. Pavement rehabilitation treatment—Treatments under- taken to substantially improve the pavement condition. The boundary between maintenance and rehabilitation treatments is not well defined. A thin overlay may be con- sidered to be either a maintenance or a rehabilitation treat- ment. The same treatment (such as a full-depth slab repair) may be called a maintenance treatment, if only a very few slabs are repaired, or a rehabilitation treatment, if multiple slabs are repaired. Typically, rehabilitation treatments add or replace one or more pavement surface layers. Some agencies also distinguish between minor rehabilitation and major rehabilitation. Pavements may receive several reha- bilitation treatments (or undergo several rehabilitation cycles) before they are reconstructed. Planning—A process used to identify pavement preservation needs. Planning includes elements of inventory, condition evaluation, identification of needs, and prioritization. Preventive maintenance—The definition of the preventive maintenance has evolved. Originally, preventive mainte- nance was defined in 1997 by the AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways as “. . . a planned strategy of cost-effective treatments to an existing roadway system and its appurtenances that preserves the system, retards 42 future deterioration, and maintains or improves the func- tional condition of the system (without significantly increasing the structural capacity).” It typically includes low-cost pavement treatments applied when the pavement is in very good or good condition. Recently, preventive maintenance has been defined in broader terms as a pro- gram of applying the right pavement preservation treat- ment to the right pavement at the right time. The preven- tive and corrective maintenance treatments are not defined by the type of treatment, but by the reason why (or when) the treatment is performed. For example, a microsurfacing treatment applied to seal an open asphalt concrete pave- ment surface that starts to ravel can be considered a pre- ventive maintenance treatment, whereas a microsurfacing applied to an asphalt concrete pavement surface that is rav- eling (or to counteract moderate rutting) is a corrective maintenance treatment. Consequently, the distinction between preventive maintenance and corrective mainte- nance is blurred. Programming—The process of developing implementation plans (for pavement preservation) and acquiring the means and resources necessary for implementation. Project-level management—Activities at the project level concern a specific pavement section. After deciding which sections are selected to receive generic pavement preser- vation treatments at the network level, the project-level decisions result in the selection of project-specific pave- ment preservation treatments, including the selection of construction materials and procedures for implementation. Project-level activities also include construction and sub- sequent monitoring of the treatment performance. Routine maintenance—Also called operational maintenance, this includes activities that do not substantially improve the pavement surface, such as removal of debris representing foreign object debris, snow and ice control, repainting of pavement markings, maintenance of in-pavement runway lights, and removal of rubber deposits. Routine maintenance is not discussed in detail in the Synthesis. Temporary maintenance treatment—Treatments designed to hold the pavement surface together until more perma- nent or substantial rehabilitation takes place. Temporary maintenance is also called holding maintenance or stop- gap maintenance. Temporary maintenance treatments may be necessitated by the timing of future rehabilitation or reconstruction activities or by a lack of funds. The right treatment to the right pavement at the right time—The application of the right treatment to the right pavement at the right time is the essence of a cost-effective pavement preservation program. There is the ever-present need to implement the right treatment at the right time. All candidate pavement preservation treatments compete for the same pavement preservation budget, with the “winner” representing the best cost-effective method of providing pavement infrastructure. The winner may be a single treat- ment or a combination of treatments.

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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 22: Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices explores how airports implement a pavement maintenance management program, including inspecting and tracking pavement condition, scheduling maintenance, identifying necessary funds, and treating distresses in asphalt and concrete pavements.

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