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Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion (2011)

Chapter: Appendix D - Project 7 and Project 8 Environmental Data Dictionary

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Project 7 and Project 8 Environmental Data Dictionary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14509.
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Page 123
Page 124
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Project 7 and Project 8 Environmental Data Dictionary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14509.
×
Page 124
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Project 7 and Project 8 Environmental Data Dictionary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14509.
×
Page 125
Page 126
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Project 7 and Project 8 Environmental Data Dictionary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14509.
×
Page 126
Page 127
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Project 7 and Project 8 Environmental Data Dictionary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14509.
×
Page 127

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A P P E N D I X D Project 7 and Project 8 Environmental Data DictionaryEvent Variables Driver ID Enter the driver ID (from Slacker Tool) in the following for- mat 00##. Date Enter the date on which the event occurred in the following format: mm/dd/yyyy. Time Enter the GMT time at the point of the trigger in the follow- ing format: hh:mm AM/PM. If the time is obviously wrong (e.g., it says 10:00 PM but it is daylight), write “time is wrong” in the text box. Day of Week Using a calendar, enter the day of week on which the event occurred. Vehicles/Nonmotorists Involved • 00 = Not applicable (baseline epoch). • 01 = 1 vehicle (subject vehicle only or subject vehicle + object). • 02 = 2 vehicles. • 03 = 3 vehicles. • 04 = 4 or more vehicles. • 05 = Subject vehicle + pedestrian. • 06 = Subject vehicle + pedalcyclist. • 07 = Subject vehicle + animal. • 08 = Other. Note: For some events (e.g., those involving transient encroach- ment into an oncoming lane), it is difficult to decide whether123the event should be considered a one- or two-vehicle event. Consider the event a two-vehicle event if the crash resulting from the incident would probably have involved two vehicles or if either driver’s maneuvers were influenced by the presence of the other vehicle (e.g., if DV1 maneuvered to avoid V2). Con- sider the event a one-vehicle event if the presence of other vehi- cles presented no immediate threat and had no effect on DV1’s maneuvers or behaviors. Vehicle/Nonmotorist 2 Type • 00a = Not applicable (baseline epoch). • 00b = Not applicable (single-vehicle event, no object). • 01 = Automobile. • 02 = Van (minivan or standard van). • 03 = Pickup truck. • 04 = SUV (includes Jeep). • 05 = School bus. • 06 = Transit bus. • 07 = Greyhound bus. • 08 = Conversion bus. • 09 = Single-unit straight truck: multistop/step van. • 10 = Single-unit straight truck: box. • 11 = Single-unit straight truck: dump. • 12 = Single-unit straight truck: garbage/recycling. • 13 = Single-unit straight truck: concrete mixer. • 14 = Single-unit straight truck: beverage. • 15 = Single-unit straight truck: flatbed. • 16 = Single-unit straight truck: tow truck. • 17 = Single-unit straight truck: other. • 18 = Single-unit straight truck: unknown. • 19 = Straight truck + trailer. • 20 = Tractor-trailer: cab only. • 21 = Tractor-trailer: cab + trailer. • 22 = Tractor-trailer: flatbed. • 23 = Tractor-trailer: tank. • 24 = Tractor-trailer: car carrier. • 25 = Tractor-trailer: livestock.

124• 26 = Tractor-trailer: lowboy trailer. • 27 = Tractor-trailer: dump trailer. • 28 = Tractor-trailer: multiple trailers. • 29 = Tractor-trailer: multiple trailers, grain. • 30 = Tractor-trailer: other. • 31 = Other large construction equipment. • 32 = Ambulance. • 33 = Fire truck. • 34 = Motorcycle or moped. • 35 = Police car. • 36 = Vehicle pulling trailer (other than tractor-trailer). • 37 = Other vehicle type. • 38 = Pedestrian. • 39 = Pedalcyclist. • 40 = Deer. • 41 = Other animal. • 42 = Object (single-vehicle event with relevant object). • 43 = Unknown. Note: Highly abridged version of GES V5, body type; codes above do not match GES codes. Relevant Object Choose the most relevant object (i.e., one that was struck in a crash or that constituted a crash threat) for near crashes and crash-relevant conflicts. • 00a = Not applicable (baseline epoch). • 00b = Not applicable (single-vehicle event, no relevant object; e.g., shoulder only). • 00c = Not applicable (multivehicle event, pedestrian, ani- mal, etc.). • 01 = Parked motor vehicle. Fixed Objects • 02 = Building. • 03 = Impact attenuator/crash cushion. • 04 = Bridge structure (e.g., abutment). • 05 = Guardrail. • 06 = Concrete traffic barrier or other longitudinal barrier (e.g., Jersey barrier). • 07 = Post, pole, or support (e.g., sign or light). • 07a = Mailbox. • 08 = Culvert/ditch/edge of road. • 09 = Curb. • 10 = Embankment. • 11 = Fence. • 12 = Wall. • 13 = Fire hydrant. • 14 = Shrubbery or bush. • 15 = Tree (not overhang; see below).• 16 = Boulder. • 17 = Loading dock. • 18 = Loading equipment (e.g., forklift or pallets). • 19 = Cargo. Overhanging Objects (Only If Struck or Potentially Struck by Top of Truck or Trailer) • 20 = Tree branch. • 21 = Overhanging part of sign or post. • 22 = Bridge/overpass. • 23 = Building. • 24 = Telephone wires. Nonfixed Objects • 25 = Vehicle parts, including tire parts. • 26 = Spilled cargo. • 27 = Dead animal in roadway. • 28 = Broken tree limbs or other tree/shrub parts. • 29 = Trash/debris. • 30 = Construction barrel. • 31 = Construction cone. Other • 98 = Other. • 99 = Unknown object hit. Note: GES A06, first harmful event. Options in italics are not A06 codes. Vehicle/Nonmotorist 2 Position (in Relation to V1) The vehicle in Figure D.1 represents the subject vehicle (V1, the truck). The relative position of Vehicle 2 (in relation to V1) is coded for the time in which the critical event occurs (i.e., the event creating the crash risk). Vehicles in the adja- cent left lane are coded J, I, H, or G, depending on their posi- tion. Vehicles in the adjacent right lane are coded B, C, D, or Front J A B I C H D G F E Rear Figure D.1. Vehicle diagram.

125E, depending on their position. Also code the position of ani- mals, pedestrians, pedalcyclists, and objects. • 00a = Not applicable (baseline epoch). • 00b = Not applicable (single-vehicle event, no object). • K = Top of vehicle. Driver/Vehicle 1 variables Driver/Vehicle 1 (DV1) is always the study subject driver/ vehicle (i.e., the truck or truck driver). Driver Seat Belt Worn? • 00 = No. • 01 = Yes. • 02 = Unknown. Possible to Do Observer Rating of Drowsiness? • 00 = Yes. • 01 = No, wearing sunglasses. • 02 = No, not enough video. • 03 = No, cannot see driver’s eyes. Driver 1 Vision Obscured • 00 = No obstruction. • 01 = Rain, snow, smoke, sand, dust. • 02 = Reflected glare, sunlight, headlights. • 03 = Curve or hill. • 04 = Building, billboard, or other design features (includes signs, embankment). • 05 = Trees, crops, vegetation • 06 = Moving vehicle (including load). • 07 = Parked vehicle. • 08 = Splash or spray of passing vehicle or any other vehicle. • 09 = Inadequate defrost or defog system. • 10 = Inadequate lighting system (includes vehicle or object in dark area). • 11 = Obstruction interior to vehicle. • 12 = Mirrors. • 13 = Head restraints. • 14 = Broken or improperly cleaned windshield. • 15 = Fog. • 16 = Other vehicle or object in blind spot. • 97 = Vision obscured, no details. • 98 = Other obstruction. • 99 = Unknown whether vision was obstructed. Note: GES Variable D4. Element 16 added because of relevance to large trucks.Environmental Variables Environmental variables are coded at the time of the trigger. Light Condition • 01 = Daylight. • 02 = Dark. • 03 = Dark but lighted. • 04 = Dawn. • 05 = Dusk. • 09 = Unknown. Note: GES A19. Weather • 01 = No adverse conditions. • 02 = Rain. • 03 = Sleet. • 04 = Snow. • 05 = Fog. • 06 = Rain and fog. • 07 = Sleet and fog. • 08 = Other (smog, smoke, sand/dust, crosswind, hail). • 09 = Unknown. Comment: GES A20. Roadway Surface Condition • 01 = Dry. • 02 = Wet. • 03 = Snow or slush. • 04 = Ice. • 05 = Sand, oil, dirt. • 08 = Other. • 09 = Unknown. Comment: GES A15. Relationship to Junction • 00 = Nonjunction. • 01 = Intersection. • 02 = Intersection related. • 03 = Driveway, alley access, etc. • 03a = Parking lot. • 04 = Entrance/exit ramp. • 05 = Rail grade crossing. • 06 = On a bridge. • 07 = Crossover related.

126• 08 = Other. • 09 = Unknown. Comment: GES variable A09. Baseline epoch coded at time of trigger. Trafficway Flow • 00 = Not physically divided (center two-way left-turn lane). • 01 = Not physically divided (two-way trafficway). • 02 = Divided (median strip or barrier). • 03 = One-way trafficway. • 09 = Unknown. Note: GES variable V A11. Coded in relation to subject vehi- cle; baseline epoch coded at time of trigger. Number of Travel Lanes • 01 = 1. • 02 = 2. • 03 = 3. • 04 = 4. • 05 = 5. • 06 = 6. • 07 = 7+. • 09 = Unknown. Note: GES V A12. Per GES, if road is divided, only lanes in travel direction are counted. If undivided, all lanes are counted. Coded in relation to subject vehicle; baseline epoch coded at time of trigger. Count all contiguous lanes at the time and location of the incident; for example, include entrance or exit lanes if contiguous. Do not include lanes if blocked by cones or barrels. Roadway Alignment • 01 = Straight. • 02a = Curve right. • 02b = Curve left. • 09 = Unknown. Note: GES V A13, with expansion of curve choices. Coded in relation to subject vehicle; baseline epoch coded at time of trigger. Roadway Profile • 01 = Level (or unknown). • 02a = Grade up.• 02b = Grade down. • 03 = Hillcrest. • 04 = Sag. Note: GES V A14, with expansion of grade choices. Coded in relation to subject vehicle; baseline epoch coded at time of trigger. Traffic Density Code the traffic density for the time before the precrash event. • 01 = LOS A: Free flow. (Individual users are virtually unaf- fected by the presence of others in the traffic stream. Free- dom to select desired speeds and to maneuver within the traffic stream is extremely high. The general level of com- fort and convenience provided to the motorist, passenger, or pedestrian is excellent.) • 02 = LOS B: Flow with some restrictions. (In the range of sta- ble traffic flow, but the presence of other users in the traffic stream begins to be noticeable. Freedom to select desired speeds is relatively unaffected, but there is a slight decline in the freedom to maneuver within the traffic stream from LOS A because the presence of others in the traffic stream begins to affect individual behavior.) • 03 = LOS C: Stable flow; maneuverability and speed are more restricted. (Traffic flow is in the stable range but is beginning to enter the range of flow in which the operation of individual users becomes significantly affected by interac- tions with others in the traffic stream. The selection of speed is now affected by the presence of others, and maneuvering within the traffic stream requires substantial vigilance on the part of the user. The general level of comfort and conven- ience declines noticeably at this level.) • 04 = LOS D: Unstable flow; temporary restrictions substan- tially slow the driver. (This category represents high-density but stable traffic flow. Speed and freedom to maneuver are severely restricted, and the driver or pedestrian experiences a generally poor level of comfort and convenience. Small increases in traffic flow generally cause operational problems at this level.) • 05 = LOS E: Flow is unstable; vehicles are unable to pass, temporary stoppages, etc. (Operating conditions are at or near capacity level. All speeds are reduced to a low but rel- atively uniform value. Freedom to maneuver within the traffic stream is extremely difficult and is generally accom- plished by forcing a vehicle or pedestrian to give way to accommodate such maneuvers. Comfort and convenience levels are extremely poor, and driver or pedestrian frustra- tion is generally high. Operations at this level are usually unstable because small increases in flow or minor pertur- bations within the traffic stream will cause breakdowns.)

127• 06 = LOS F: Forced traffic flow condition with low speeds and traffic volumes that are below capacity; queues form in particular locations. (This condition exists whenever the amount of traffic approaching a point exceeds the amount that can traverse the point. Queues form behind such locations. Operations within the queue are charac- terized by stop-and-go waves and are extremely unstable. Vehicles may progress at reasonable speeds for several hundred feet or more and then be required to stop in a cyclic manner. LOS F is used to describe operating condi- tions within the queue, as well as the point of the break- down. In many cases, operating conditions of vehicles or pedestrians discharged from the queue may be quite good. Nevertheless, it is the point at which arrival flow exceeds discharge flow, which causes the queue to form. LOS F is an appropriate designation for such points.) • 09 = Unknown/unable to determine. Construction Zone Related • 00 = Not construction zone related (or unknown). • 01 = Construction zone (occurred in zone). • 02 = Construction zone related (occurred in approach or otherwise related to zone).Note: Any area with one or more traffic cones, barrels, and so forth is considered to be a construction zone. Truck Pre-Event Speed Note: The pre-event speed is coded for the period just before the occurrence of the critical event or just before any avoidance maneuver or both. For example, when braking is involved, the pre-event speed is the speed just before the beginning of braking. If there is no avoidance maneuver, enter the speed at the time of the trigger. • 999 = Unknown. General Variables Event Comments Note: This text variable permits analysts to provide any com- ments on the event, including information not captured by data variables, assumptions made about the event affect- ing coding, and coding issues that arose. Ordinarily this will not contain information that is captured by the coded variables.

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Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion Get This Book
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TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-L10-RR-1: Feasibility of Using In-Vehicle Video Data to Explore How to Modify Driver Behavior That Causes Nonrecurring Congestion presents findings on the feasibility of using existing in-vehicle data sets, collected in naturalistic driving settings, to make inferences about the relationship between observed driver behavior and nonrecurring congestion.

The report, a product of the SHRP 2 Reliability focus area, includes guidance on the protocols and procedures for conducting video data reduction analysis.

In addition, the report includes technical guidance on the features, technologies, and complementary data sets that researchers can consider when designing future instrumented in-vehicle data collection studies.

The report also highlights a new modeling approach for travel time reliability performance measurement across a variety of traffic congestion conditions.

An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Google, Amazon, and iTunes.

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