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NCHRP Report 689: Costs of Alternative Revenue-Generation Systems (2011)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)

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Balducci, Patrick, Shao, Gang, Amos, Albert, Rufolo, Anthony, Transportation Research Board. "Appendix C - Parameter Data and Detailed Cost Estimates." NCHRP Report 689: Costs of Alternative Revenue-Generation Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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Page
121
Front Matter (R1-R11)
Summary (1-4)
1.1 Research Objectives (5-5)
1.3 Report Structure (6-6)
2.1.1 Motor Fuel Tax Administration and Enforcement Practices (7-9)
2.2.1 Overview of Tolling Systems and Current Practices (10-11)
2.2.4 Electronic Toll Collection and Video Tolling (12-15)
2.2.5 Congestion Management (16-16)
2.2.6 Leakage Rates (17-18)
2.2.7 Administrative Fees and Criminalization of Toll Violations (19-19)
2.2.8 Tolling Administrative Cost Estimation and Comparisons (20-20)
2.3.1 Prices Set to Improve Management of the Road System (21-21)
2.3.2 Review of U.S. Experience (22-24)
2.3.4 Discussion of Issues Related to VMT Fees (25-25)
2.4.1 Singapore (26-27)
2.4.2 London (28-30)
2.4.3 Oslo (31-32)
2.4.4 Stockholm (33-34)
2.4.5 Milan (35-35)
2.5.1 Westminster City Council's Parking Program (36-37)
2.5.2 SFpark Smart Parking Management Program (38-40)
2.5.3 Chicago Parking System: Chicago Parking Meters, LLC (41-43)
3.1.2 IntelliDrive Preliminary Proof of Concept (44-44)
3.1.3 Technology Components of the System (45-47)
3.1.4 Tested Functionalities of the System (48-49)
3.2.1 Objectives and Benefits of Fleet Management Systems (50-50)
3.2.2 Satellite-Based Fleet Management: Expanded Satellite-Based Mobile Communications Tracking System (51-52)
3.3.1 Objectives of CVISN (53-53)
3.3.2 Specifications of CVISN (54-54)
3.3.4 The Current Status of the CVISN (55-55)
3.4 Electric Cars and Smart Charging Software (56-56)
3.4.3 Electric Vehicle Implications for Revenue Collection (57-57)
3.4.4 Regional Influences on Electric Vehicle Market Penetration (58-58)
3.4.6 Funding Sources (59-60)
4.1 Cost Accounting Framework (61-61)
4.2.2 Determination of Sample States (62-63)
4.2.3 Identification of Responsible Agencies Within Sample States (64-64)
4.2.6 Summary Data for 2003 through 2007 (65-65)
4.2.9 Data from Eight Sample States (66-67)
4.2.10 Analysis of Survey Results (68-69)
4.3.1 Methodology (70-70)
4.3.3 Data Sources, Coverage, and Limitations (71-71)
4.3.4 General Findings - Operational Costs (72-73)
4.3.5 Administrative Costs (74-74)
4.3.6 Collection Costs (75-76)
4.3.9 Capital Costs (77-77)
4.4.1 Types of VMT Fees (78-80)
4.4.2 Method for Generating Cost Data for Dutch VMT Fee Systems (81-81)
4.4.3 Cost Classification and Cost Data (82-84)
4.5 Cost Estimates for Cordon Pricing Systems (85-85)
4.6 Cost Estimates for Parking Pricing Systems (86-87)
5.2 Comparison Within Revenue Systems (88-88)
5.2.2 Tolling (89-89)
5.2.4 Cordon and Parking Pricing (90-91)
5.3 Comparison Between Revenue Systems (92-92)
5.4.1 Motor Fuel Taxes (93-94)
5.4.2 Tolling (95-100)
5.4.3 VMT Fees (101-103)
5.4.4 Cordon Pricing (104-104)
5.4.5 Parking Fees (105-105)
6.1.2 Tolling (106-106)
6.2 Costs to Administer the Current and Alternative Revenue-Generation Systems Examined in This Report (107-107)
6.3 Policy Implications (108-108)
6.4.1 Potential Impediments (109-109)
References (110-113)
Appendix A - Oregon VMT Pay-at-the-Pump System Case Study (114-117)
Appendix B - Survey Questionnaire for Collecting Fuel-TaxRelated Cost Data (118-120)
Appendix C - Parameter Data and Detailed Cost Estimates (121-124)
Appendix D - Acronyms (125-127)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (128-128)

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OCR for page 121
121 APPENDIX C Parameter Data and Detailed Cost Estimates In this appendix (Tables 49, 50, and 51), we present parameter data collected from state fuel tax systems, tolling authorities, and the Dutch VMT fee systems. The parameter data were primarily used for the cost comparative analysis conducted in Chapter 5. In addition, we present the detailed cost estimates for administrative, collection, and enforcement for tolling.

OCR for page 122
122 Table 49. Parameter data from state motor fuel systems. Parameter 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Lane miles CA 377,325 378,435 379,357 380,297 382,917 CO 180,174 180,992 181,982 182,926 183,252 FL 262,309 261,619 264,087 267,769 267,524 ID 96,189 96,604 96,703 96,696 99,342 IA 233,568 234,256 234,726 235,037 235,342 NJ 84,222 82,790 83,876 83,893 84,295 TN 186,476 187,567 190,758 192,911 192,404 TX 643,095 646,247 648,625 651,476 653,312 Centerline miles CA 169,549 169,791 169,906 170,290 171,154 CO 86,821 87,096 87,597 88,021 88,163 FL 120,375 119,529 120,557 121,995 121,526 ID 46,927 47,100 47,129 47,105 48,416 IA 113,516 113,835 113,971 114,084 114,193 NJ 38,952 38,122 38,552 38,561 38,752 TN 88,518 88,988 90,451 91,416 91,058 TX 301,987 303,176 304,171 305,270 305,855 VMT (000s) CA 323,592,000 328,917,000 329,267,000 327,478,000 328,312,000 CO 43,379,000 45,891,000 47,962,000 48,641,000 48,713,000 FL 185,511,000 196,444,000 201,531,000 203,741,000 206,121,000 ID 14,290,000 14,729,000 14,866,000 15,198,000 15,782,000 IA 31,108,000 31,538,000 31,060,000 31,355,000 31,253,000 NJ 69,778,000 72,844,000 73,819,000 75,371,000 76,152,000 TN 69,154,000 70,943,000 70,814,000 70,596,000 71,179,000 TX 223,418,000 231,008,000 235,170,000 238,256,000 243,443,000 Number of vehicles CA 30,248,069 31,399,596 32,487,477 33,182,058 33,935,386 CO 2,027,397 2,023,292 1,807,879 1,807,823 1,707,139 FL 14,526,125 15,057,473 15,691,438 16,373,565 16,473,908 ID 1,301,120 1,344,124 1,374,056 1,275,115 1,281,899 IA 3,368,915 3,369,431 3,397,604 3,345,951 3,360,196 NJ 6,711,601 6,224,256 6,261,501 5,957,988 6,247,130 TN 4,795,676 5,034,662 4,980,010 5,091,328 5,339,946 TX 14,888,780 16,906,714 17,469,547 17,538,388 18,072,148

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123 Table 50. Parameter data from tolling authorities. Parameter 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Centerline miles DRPA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A DRJTBC 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 DTR N/A N/A 13.4 13.4 13.4 E-470 278.0 278.0 278.0 311.0 311.0 FTE N/A N/A 454.0 460.0 460.0 Greenway N/A 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 ISTHA 274.0 274.0 274.0 274.0 286.5 NJTA 290.0 290.0 290.0 290.0 290.0 NTTA 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.0 NYSTA 641.3 641.3 641.3 641.3 641.3 OTC 241.0 241.0 241.0 241.0 241.0 OOCEA 92.0 92.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 SANDAG I-15 N/A N/A 8.0 8.0 8.0 SR-91 N/A 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Toronto 407 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 Average 215.5 179.4 175.5 178.3 179.2 VMT (000s) DRPA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A DRJTBC N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A DTR N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E-470 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FTE N/A N/A 7,473,261 8,218,954 8,391,704 Greenway N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ISTHA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NJTA 12,631,896 12,612,697 12,426,804 12,786,790 12,503,064 NTTA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NYSTA 10,800,326 11,076,541 10,698,582 10,487,222 10,414,180 OTC 2,833,770 2,911,505 2,990,509 3,040,293 2,978,442 OOCEA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A SANDAG I-15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A SR-91 173,217 204,265 226,131 230,703 208,579 Toronto 407 N/A N/A 1,282,821 1,320,156 1,400,447 Average 6,609,802 6,701,252 5,849,685 6,014,020 5,982,736 Number of transactions (000s) DRPA 51,967 53,808 54,065 54,865 55,076 DRJTBC N/A 136,600 135,500 140,100 141,300 DTR N/A N/A 113,483 111,723 111,286 E-470 38,800 46,900 51,500 52,000 54,100 FTE N/A N/A 617,930 661,368 690,485 Greenway N/A 22,171 22,496 20,967 20,176 ISTHA 801,603 823,145 780,446 764,125 788,292 NJTA 671,032 856,284 749,963 681,210 667,253 NTTA N/A N/A 338,390 370,696 383,481 NYSTA 272,038 281,843 274,016 269,391 255,965 OTC 48,282 50,160 51,149 51,784 51,527 OOCEA 230,500 255,764 271,128 294,422 309,692 SANDAG I-15 N/A N/A 2,300 2,560 2,849 Toronto 407 N/A N/A 103,607 130,779 136,005 Average 248,885 243,570 241,909 243,075 244,036

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124 Table 51. Parameter data estimated by providers of the Dutch VMT fee systems. Parameter Siemens T-Systems Vodafone Lane miles(*) 165,160 165,160 165,160 Centerline miles 80,965 80,965 80,965 VMT (000s) 88,605,668 Number of vehicles 8,150,000 8,490,000 10,007,203 Number of transactions(**) 96,000,000 Total revenue (000s) 10,146,250 Average tax rate (per mile) Heavy vehicles 0.26 Vans 0.20 Cars 0.08 Motorcycles 0.02 Staffing # of admin staff 240 # of collection staff 170 # of enforcement staff 161 (*) It is assumed that motor ways have four lanes and other roads have two lanes. (**) The number of transactions represents annual number of invoices/bills. An exchange rate of 1.25 is used to convert from euros to dollars, and a conversion factor of 0.62137 is used to convert from kilometers to miles. Source: Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management, the Netherlands