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NCHRP Report 689: Costs of Alternative Revenue-Generation Systems (2011)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)

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Balducci, Patrick, Shao, Gang, Amos, Albert, Rufolo, Anthony, Transportation Research Board. "1.3 Report Structure." NCHRP Report 689: Costs of Alternative Revenue-Generation Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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Front Matter (R1-R11)
Summary (1-4)
1.1 Research Objectives (5-5)
1.3 Report Structure (6-6)
2.1.1 Motor Fuel Tax Administration and Enforcement Practices (7-9)
2.2.1 Overview of Tolling Systems and Current Practices (10-11)
2.2.4 Electronic Toll Collection and Video Tolling (12-15)
2.2.5 Congestion Management (16-16)
2.2.6 Leakage Rates (17-18)
2.2.7 Administrative Fees and Criminalization of Toll Violations (19-19)
2.2.8 Tolling Administrative Cost Estimation and Comparisons (20-20)
2.3.1 Prices Set to Improve Management of the Road System (21-21)
2.3.2 Review of U.S. Experience (22-24)
2.3.4 Discussion of Issues Related to VMT Fees (25-25)
2.4.1 Singapore (26-27)
2.4.2 London (28-30)
2.4.3 Oslo (31-32)
2.4.4 Stockholm (33-34)
2.4.5 Milan (35-35)
2.5.1 Westminster City Council's Parking Program (36-37)
2.5.2 SFpark Smart Parking Management Program (38-40)
2.5.3 Chicago Parking System: Chicago Parking Meters, LLC (41-43)
3.1.2 IntelliDrive Preliminary Proof of Concept (44-44)
3.1.3 Technology Components of the System (45-47)
3.1.4 Tested Functionalities of the System (48-49)
3.2.1 Objectives and Benefits of Fleet Management Systems (50-50)
3.2.2 Satellite-Based Fleet Management: Expanded Satellite-Based Mobile Communications Tracking System (51-52)
3.3.1 Objectives of CVISN (53-53)
3.3.2 Specifications of CVISN (54-54)
3.3.4 The Current Status of the CVISN (55-55)
3.4 Electric Cars and Smart Charging Software (56-56)
3.4.3 Electric Vehicle Implications for Revenue Collection (57-57)
3.4.4 Regional Influences on Electric Vehicle Market Penetration (58-58)
3.4.6 Funding Sources (59-60)
4.1 Cost Accounting Framework (61-61)
4.2.2 Determination of Sample States (62-63)
4.2.3 Identification of Responsible Agencies Within Sample States (64-64)
4.2.6 Summary Data for 2003 through 2007 (65-65)
4.2.9 Data from Eight Sample States (66-67)
4.2.10 Analysis of Survey Results (68-69)
4.3.1 Methodology (70-70)
4.3.3 Data Sources, Coverage, and Limitations (71-71)
4.3.4 General Findings - Operational Costs (72-73)
4.3.5 Administrative Costs (74-74)
4.3.6 Collection Costs (75-76)
4.3.9 Capital Costs (77-77)
4.4.1 Types of VMT Fees (78-80)
4.4.2 Method for Generating Cost Data for Dutch VMT Fee Systems (81-81)
4.4.3 Cost Classification and Cost Data (82-84)
4.5 Cost Estimates for Cordon Pricing Systems (85-85)
4.6 Cost Estimates for Parking Pricing Systems (86-87)
5.2 Comparison Within Revenue Systems (88-88)
5.2.2 Tolling (89-89)
5.2.4 Cordon and Parking Pricing (90-91)
5.3 Comparison Between Revenue Systems (92-92)
5.4.1 Motor Fuel Taxes (93-94)
5.4.2 Tolling (95-100)
5.4.3 VMT Fees (101-103)
5.4.4 Cordon Pricing (104-104)
5.4.5 Parking Fees (105-105)
6.1.2 Tolling (106-106)
6.2 Costs to Administer the Current and Alternative Revenue-Generation Systems Examined in This Report (107-107)
6.3 Policy Implications (108-108)
6.4.1 Potential Impediments (109-109)
References (110-113)
Appendix A - Oregon VMT Pay-at-the-Pump System Case Study (114-117)
Appendix B - Survey Questionnaire for Collecting Fuel-TaxRelated Cost Data (118-120)
Appendix C - Parameter Data and Detailed Cost Estimates (121-124)
Appendix D - Acronyms (125-127)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (128-128)

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6 for analyzing the costs of alternative revenue systems for · Chapter 3 examines several technologies that have the poten- transportation. tial to advance alternative revenue-generation systems for transportation. The selected technologies are the Intelli- Drive system, satellite-based and cellular-based fleet man- 1.2 Report Audience agement systems (FMSs), commercial vehicle information The research results presented in this report provide infor- systems and networks (CVISN), and electric cars/smart mation needed not only to promote a better understanding charging software. of the costs associated with each of the revenue-generation · Chapter 4 presents a cost accounting framework established systems, but also to assist public- and private-sector decision for this study and then presents administration cost esti- makers and stakeholders in formulating policies. The pri- mates for the five transportation revenue-generation sys- mary potential users of the research results, therefore, are the tems examined in this report. FHWA, state departments of transportation (DOTs), state · Chapter 5 defines unit measurements for the purpose of departments of taxation/revenue, metropolitan planning comparison within and among revenue-generation systems organizations (MPOs), toll authorities, academia, energy and uses them to examine costs between revenue systems. providers, and consultants. This chapter also presents the results of sensitivity analyses conducted on each revenue-generation system examined in this report. 1.3 Report Structure · Chapter 6 presents study conclusions. This report is divided into six chapters, including this intro- duction. The remainder of this report is structured as follows: In addition to the main body of the report, appendices pre- sent an overview of the Oregon VMT pay-at-the-pump system, · Chapter 2 presents an overview of the existing motor fuel a survey used to collect motor fuel tax-related administrative tax system and a number of alternative revenue-generation cost data, parameter data and detailed cost estimates, and a list systems. of acronyms.