CTBSSP Synthesis 19: Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R10
Summary 1-2
Objectives and Scope 3-3
Methodology and Approach 4-5
Drug Definitions and Categorization 6-6
Chemical Substance Effects and Driving Performance 7-8
Drug and Alcohol Influences in Crash Statistics 9-9
Drug Influences on Performance Compared with Alcohol Effects 10-10
Influence of Chemicals on Driver Performance 11-11
Introduction to Sleep-Promoting Chemicals 12-12
Nonbenzodiazepine Sleep-Promoting Medications 13-15
Sleep-Promoting Compounds and Driving Performance 16-17
Alternative Sleep-Inducing Compounds 18-22
Second-Generation Nonsedating Antihistamines for Allergies 23-26
Stimulants and Alertness-Enhancing Compounds 27-38
Definitions of Supplements 39-39
Psychoactive Herbal Supplements 40-43
Energy Supplement Drinks, Food Bars, Candy Chews, and Others 44-47
Energy Boost Powders, Pills, Food Bars, Etc. 48-49
Introduction 50-50
Medical Examiner Survey Regarding Medications Used by Commercial Vehicle Drivers 51-51
Medications and Medication Classes 52-58
Discussion of Surveys of Medical Examiners 59-60
Summary of Medical Examiner Survey 61-61
Questionnaire Survey Results 62-64
Findings from the Literature Review 65-67
Results and Discussion of Medical Examiners Surveys 68-69
Overall Conclusions from the Survey of Medical Examiners and Motor Carrier Managers 70-70
Appendix A - Additional Research on Chemicals Affecting Performance and Health 71-78
Appendix B - U.S. Military Policies Regarding Use of Hypnotics and Stimulants 79-82
Appendix C - Nutritional Supplements for Inducing Relaxation,Tension Release, Sleep, and More 83-92
Appendix D - References 93-111
Appendix E - Bibliography of Additional Readings 112-123
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications 124-124

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R10

Summary 1-2

Objectives and Scope 3-3

Methodology and Approach 4-5

Drug Definitions and Categorization 6-6

Chemical Substance Effects and Driving Performance 7-8

Drug and Alcohol Influences in Crash Statistics 9-9

Drug Influences on Performance Compared with Alcohol Effects 10-10

Influence of Chemicals on Driver Performance 11-11

Introduction to Sleep-Promoting Chemicals 12-12

Nonbenzodiazepine Sleep-Promoting Medications 13-15

Sleep-Promoting Compounds and Driving Performance 16-17

Alternative Sleep-Inducing Compounds 18-22

Second-Generation Nonsedating Antihistamines for Allergies 23-26

Stimulants and Alertness-Enhancing Compounds 27-38

Definitions of Supplements 39-39

Psychoactive Herbal Supplements 40-43

Energy Supplement Drinks, Food Bars, Candy Chews, and Others 44-47

Energy Boost Powders, Pills, Food Bars, Etc. 48-49

Introduction 50-50

Medical Examiner Survey Regarding Medications Used by Commercial Vehicle Drivers 51-51

Medications and Medication Classes 52-58

Discussion of Surveys of Medical Examiners 59-60

Summary of Medical Examiner Survey 61-61

Questionnaire Survey Results 62-64

Findings from the Literature Review 65-67

Results and Discussion of Medical Examiners Surveys 68-69

Overall Conclusions from the Survey of Medical Examiners and Motor Carrier Managers 70-70

Appendix A - Additional Research on Chemicals Affecting Performance and Health 71-78

Appendix B - U.S. Military Policies Regarding Use of Hypnotics and Stimulants 79-82

Appendix C - Nutritional Supplements for Inducing Relaxation,Tension Release, Sleep, and More 83-92

Appendix D - References 93-111

Appendix E - Bibliography of Additional Readings 112-123

Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications 124-124