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NCFRP Report 11: Truck Drayage Productivity Guide (2011)
National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP)

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Transportation Research Board. "Additional Port Drayage Resources." NCFRP Report 11: Truck Drayage Productivity Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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Page
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Page
4
Front Matter (R1-R9)
Overview of Port Drayage (1-2)
Purpose and Organization of This Guidebook (3-3)
Additional Port Drayage Resources (4-4)
Port Drayage Transactions (5-5)
Marine Container Terminals (6-7)
Import Drayage Process (8-9)
Empty Return Process (10-10)
Drayage Subprocesses (11-15)
Data and Information Needs (16-16)
Marine Terminal Information Systems (17-19)
Drayage Company Data (20-21)
Local and Regional Traffic Data (22-22)
Surveys (23-27)
Terminal Webcam Data Collection (28-30)
Special Studies (31-32)
Drayage Problems (33-35)
Impacts (36-36)
Solutions (37-37)
Implications for Stakeholders (38-38)
Turn Time Distributions (39-39)
Turn Time Components (40-41)
Suboptimization (42-43)
Need for Buffers (44-44)
Turn Time Solutions (45-46)
Entrance Gate Issues (47-47)
Driver/Truck Arrivals (48-48)
Gate Queuing Solutions (49-52)
Gate Capacity and Working Hours (53-53)
Trouble Tickets (54-57)
Gate Processing Solutions (58-63)
Chassis Logistics (64-64)
Chassis Equipment Issues (65-66)
Chassis Flips (67-67)
Chassis Supply Solutions (68-70)
Container Yard Congestion Impacts (71-71)
Marine Terminal Disruptions (72-74)
Container Yard Solutions (75-75)
Extra Empty Equipment Moves (76-79)
Extra Trip Solutions (80-81)
Port-Area and Port Access Congestion (82-85)
Road and Highway Congestion Solutions (86-87)
Overview (88-92)
Data Sources (93-93)
National Drayage Cost and Emissions Estimates (94-94)
Impacts of Drayage Bottlenecks (95-96)
Implications (97-97)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (98-98)

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4 Truck Drayage Productivity Guide The objective of the guidebook is to give those stakeholders tools to improve drayage productivity and capacity while reducing emissions, cost, and port-area congestion. The guidebook is organized around a logical progression of steps in an analysis of local or regional port drayage issues. Chapter 2 discusses the drayage process, and Chapter 3 covers acqui- sition of drayage data from a broad range of sources. Chapter 4 provides a summary matrix of drayage issues, impacts, solutions, etc. The problems and solutions listed in Chapter 4 are then dis- cussed at length in Chapters 5 through 11. Chapter 12 describes the application of the EPA Smart- Way DrayFLEET Model to drayage issues and solutions. This guidebook is one end product of NCFRP Project 14, Truck Drayage Practices. The project was initiated at the urging of industry stakeholders concerned about shortfalls in drayage produc- tivity and a lack of solid analytic information on how those shortfalls might be remedied. The proj- ect benefited greatly from industry participation, notably in the provision of extensive data. Additional Port Drayage Resources TRB. The contractor's final report for NCFRP Project 14 and its appendices are available on the accompanying CD-ROM and as an ISO image available on the TRB Web site (Go to http://trb. org/Publications/Public/PubsNCFRPProjectReports.aspx and look for NCFRP Report 11). Ports. Local port staff are a key source of initial information regarding drayage operations in and around each port. Port operations and environmental staff usually have contact information for leading drayage firms. Some port Web sites include directories of local drayage firms. Marine con- tainer terminals operator staff can usually identify the major drayage firms serving their terminal. Associations. There are three key organizations representing drayage firms, ports, and the inter- modal industry in general. · Intermodal Motor Carriers Conference (American Trucking Associations)--www.truckline.com · The American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA)--www.aapa-ports.org · The Intermodal Association of North America (IANA)--www.intermodal.org IANA also administers the Universal Intermodal Interchange Agreement (UIIA), which spec- ifies the terms of business for much of the port drayage industry. Many states and port areas also have local trucking or drayage company associations, which should be accessible through port staff. EPA DrayFLEET. The EPA SmartWay DrayFLEET Model was used for all of the emissions and cost modeling in NCFRP Project 14. DrayFLEET and accompanying documentation are avail- able free of charge through the EPA SmartWay Web site at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/smartway/ transport/partner-resources/resources-drayage.htm