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HMCRP
HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
COOPERATIVE
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
REPORT 3
Sponsored by the
Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety
Guidebook for Conducting Administration
Local Hazardous Materials
Commodity Flow Studies
OCR for page R2
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2011 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
OFFICERS
CHAIR: Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
VICE CHAIR: Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
MEMBERS
J. Barry Barker, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA
William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
Eugene A. Conti, Jr., Secretary of Transportation, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh
James M. Crites, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, TX
Paula J. Hammond, Secretary, Washington State DOT, Olympia
Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington
Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Regional General Manager, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA
Steven T. Scalzo, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA
Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO
Beverly A. Scott, General Manager and CEO, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA
David Seltzer, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA
Lawrence A. Selzer, President and CEO, The Conservation Fund, Arlington, VA
Kumares C. Sinha, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation Studies; and Interim
Director, Energy Efficiency Center, University of California, Davis
Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing
Douglas W. Stotlar, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Peter H. Appel, Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT
J. Randolph Babbitt, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
Anne S. Ferro, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
John T. Gray, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC
David T. Matsuda, Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
Victor M. Mendez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Tara O'Toole, Under Secretary for Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
Robert J. Papp (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
Cynthia L. Quarterman, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Peter M. Rogoff, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
David L. Strickland, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Joseph C. Szabo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
Polly Trottenberg, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT
Robert L. Van Antwerp (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
Barry R. Wallerstein, Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA
*Membership as of March 2011.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
HMCRP REPORT 3
Guidebook for Conducting
Local Hazardous Materials
Commodity Flow Studies
David H. Bierling
TEXAS TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
College Station, TX
George O. Rogers
HAZARD REDUCTION AND RECOVERY CENTER
DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
College Station, TX
Deborah L. Jasek
Anna A. Protopapas
Jeffrey E. Warner
Leslie E. Olson
TEXAS TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
College Station, TX
Subscriber Categories
Motor Carriers · Planning and Forecasting · Security and Emergencies
Research sponsored by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2011
www.TRB.org
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COOPERATIVE HMCRP REPORT 3
RESEARCH PROGRAM
The safety, security, and environmental concerns associated with Project HM-01
transportation of hazardous materials are growing in number and ISSN 2150-4849
complexity. Hazardous materials are substances that are flammable, ISBN: 978-0-309-15560-1
explosive, or toxic or that, if released, produce effects that would threaten Library of Congress Control Number 2011927382
human safety, health, the environment, or property. Hazardous materials
© 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
are moved throughout the country by all modes of freight transportation,
including ships, trucks, trains, airplanes, and pipelines.
The private sector and a diverse mix of government agencies at all levels
are responsible for controlling the transport of hazardous materials and for COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
ensuring that hazardous cargoes move without incident. This shared goal Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
has spurred the creation of several venues for organizations with related written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
interests to work together in preventing and responding to hazardous published or copyrighted material used herein.
materials incidents. The freight transportation and chemical industries; Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
government regulatory and enforcement agencies at the federal and state publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
levels; and local emergency planners and responders routinely share understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA,
FMCSA, FTA, RITA, or PHMSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice.
information, resources, and expertise. Nevertheless, there has been a long- It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-
standing gap in the system for conducting hazardous materials safety and for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or
security research. Industry organizations and government agencies have reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP.
their own research programs to support their mission needs. Collaborative
research to address shared problems takes place occasionally, but mostly
occurs on an ad hoc basis. NOTICE
Acknowledging this gap in 2004, the U.S. DOT Office of Hazardous
The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Hazardous Materials
Materials Safety, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, the
Cooperative Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the
Federal Railroad Administration, and the U.S. Coast Guard pooled their approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
resources for a study. Under the auspices of the Transportation Research
The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this
Board (TRB), the National Research Council of the National Academies report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
appointed a committee to examine the feasibility of creating a cooperative The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to
research program for hazardous materials transportation, similar in concept procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved
to the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) and the by the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). The committee concluded, The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the
in TRB Special Report 283: Cooperative Research for Hazardous Materials researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation
Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors.
Transportation: Defining the Need, Converging on Solutions, that the need for
cooperative research in this field is significant and growing, and the The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
committee recommended establishing an ongoing program of cooperative Council, and the sponsors of the Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program do
not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein
research. In 2005, based in part on the findings of that report, the Safe, solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.
Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for
Users (SAFETEA-LU) authorized the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials
Safety Administration (PHMSA) to contract with the National Academy of
Sciences to conduct the Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program
(HMCRP). The HMCRP is intended to complement other U.S. DOT
research programs as a stakeholder-driven, problem-solving program,
researching real-world, day-to-day operational issues with near- to mid-
term time frames.
Published reports of the
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
are available from:
Transportation Research Board
Business Office
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
and can be ordered through the Internet at:
http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
Printed in the United States of America
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific
and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the
authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal
government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel
organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the
National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also
sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior
achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members
of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the
responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government
and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of
science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and
the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine.
Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta-
tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange,
conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board's varied activities annually engage about
7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia,
all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal
agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu-
als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org
www.national-academies.org
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR HMCRP REPORT 3
Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
William C. Rogers, Senior Program Officer
Charlotte Thomas, Senior Program Assistant
Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications
Hilary Freer, Senior Editor
HMCRP PROJECT 01 PANEL
James J. Brogan, Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Austin, TX (Chair)
Scott R. Drumm, Port of Portland (OR), Portland, OR
Catherine T. Lawson, State University of New York - Albany, Albany, NY
William L. Reese, Idaho State Police, Meridian, ID
Ronald DiGregorio, PHMSA Liaison
Ronald J. Duych, RITA Liaison
Rolf R. Schmitt, FHWA Liaison
James Simmons, PHMSA Liaison
Thomas Palmerlee, TRB Liaison
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This project was conducted under HMCRP Project HM-01 by Texas A&M University (TAMU) and the
Texas Transportation Institute (TTI). TAMU and TTI were the contractors for the project, with the Texas
A&M Research Foundation serving as Fiscal Administrator. The project was sponsored by PHMSA of the
U.S.DOT, and administered through TRB's HMCRP.
Project supervisors and authors of this guidebook are David Bierling, associate research scientist at TTI
and George Rogers, professor of landscape architecture and urban planning at TAMU and senior fellow
of TAMU's Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center. Dr. Rogers was project director and principal inves-
tigator for the project, and Mr. Bierling was co-principal investigator. Project participants include Debbie
Jasek, Leslie Olson, Annie Protopapas, and Jeffrey Warner of TTI, and Gao Shan, graduate assistant
researcher at TAMU and TTI.
The project team acknowledges the assistance of the National Organization of SARA Title III Program
Officials (NASTTPO), which graciously provided time at organization conferences for survey pre-testing
and review of results, and encouraged survey participation among its membership. The project team
acknowledges the participation of survey respondents from Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCs), Tribal Emergency Response Commissions (TERCs), and State Emergency Response Commis-
sions (SERCs), who provided valuable information about their needs, successes, and challenges. The proj-
ect team acknowledges the participation of case study LEPCs for their willingness to provide documenta-
tion and describe the specific aspects of their projects. The project team also acknowledges the feedback
and input from the LEPC and SERC community for their review of project results and input on findings.
Finally, the project team acknowledges the constructive feedback and suggestions provided by TRB's proj-
ect panel.
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FOREWORD
By William C. Rogers
Staff Officer
Transportation Research Board
HMCRP Report 3: Guidebook for Conducting Local Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow
Studies presents a user-friendly guidebook to support risk assessment, emergency response
preparedness, resource allocation, and analyses of hazardous commodity flows across juris-
dictions. The guidebook, which updates the U.S. Department of Transportation's Guidance
for Conducting Hazardous Materials Flow Surveys, is targeted at transportation planning and
operations staff at the local and regional levels, as well as local and regional personnel
involved in hazardous materials training and emergency response. All modes of transporta-
tion, all classes and divisions of hazardous materials, and the effects of seasonality on haz-
ardous materials movements are discussed.
The contractor's final report and appendices (unedited by TRB) are available electroni-
cally at http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1603. The final
report documents the research supporting the development of the Guidebook.
Local and regional governments require information on the types, quantities, and loca-
tions of hazardous materials originating, terminating, or moving through their jurisdictions
in order to plan for effective and appropriate emergency response to incidents. However,
local planners often do not have access to reliable and comprehensive data on the flow of
hazardous materials within their jurisdictions. By and large, existing data sources are too
broad and cover flows at the national level and, to a limited extent, the state level. More
detailed data involving all modes of transportation are required by local and regional gov-
ernments in order to make informed decisions about hazardous materials training and
emergency response preparedness.
Under HMCRP Project 01, Texas A&M University and the Texas Transportation Insti-
tute were asked to develop a guidebook to (1) explain data collection methodologies to
obtain hazardous materials commodity flow data at the local level (from public and private
sources); (2) describe methods that can be used by local and regional planners to identify
and estimate hazardous materials flows in their jurisdictions; and (3) describe promising
practices and suggestions to help local jurisdictions successfully plan for, conduct, and
implement a hazardous materials commodity flow survey.
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CONTENTS
1 Summary
10 Chapter 1 Introduction
10 1.1 Need for Document
12 1.2 Hazmat Transportation Overview
15 1.3 Organization of this Report
17 Chapter 2 Select Leadership, Set Objectives,
and Define Data Requirements
17 2.1 Select Leadership
19 2.2 Set Objectives
22 2.3 Define Data Requirements
23 2.4 HMCFS Objectives and Public Protection Goals
24 Chapter 3 Collect and Review Baseline Information
and Scope Project
24 3.1 Collect Baseline Information
26 3.2 Review and Evaluate Baseline Information
28 3.3 Scope the HMCFS Project
30 Chapter 4 Collect and Review Existing Data
30 4.1 Existing Data Overview
30 4.2 Locally or Institutionally Available Data Sources
36 4.3 Electronic Databases and Reports
41 4.4 Review Existing Data and New Data Needs
43 Chapter 5 Collect and Validate New Data
43 5.1 Conduct Interviews
45 5.2 Considerations for Field Data Collection
50 5.3 Collect Field Data
55 5.4 Validate New Data
57 Chapter 6 Analyze and Document Data
57 6.1 Railway, Pipeline, Waterway, and Airway Data Analysis
59 6.2 Truck/Roadway Data Analysis
59 6.3 Document the Data
66 6.4 Summarize Information
67 6.5 HMCFS Content
69 Chapter 7 Implement Information
69 7.1 Review Objectives and Limitations
69 7.2 Disseminate and Communicate Information
72 7.3 Apply Results
74 7.4 Archiving the HMCFS
74 7.5 Revisions and Updates
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75 Chapter 8 Conclusions and Recommendations
77 References
79 Key Terms and Acronyms
A-1 Appendix A Hazardous Materials Placards
B-1 Appendix B Shipping Documents and Placard Numbers
from 2008 ERG
C-1 Appendix C HMCFS Case Studies
D-1 Appendix D Promising Practices for Conducting an HMCFS
E-1 Appendix E HMCFS Sampling and Scheduling
F-1 Appendix F Sample Railroad Data Request Form
G-1 Appendix G Electronic Database and Report Descriptions
H-1 Appendix H 2002 Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Data
I-1 Appendix I Large Truck Incident and Accident Information
J-1 Appendix J Truck/Hazmat Placard Identification Sheet
and Count Tabulation Sheets
K-1 Appendix K Existing and New HMCFS Data Analysis Examples
Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale
for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.
