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NCHRP Synthesis 415: Design Fires in Road Tunnels (2011)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis Program (NCHRPSYN)

Citation Manager

Maevski, Igor Y, Transportation Research Board. "Combined Use for Road and Railway Vehicles." NCHRP Synthesis 415: Design Fires in Road Tunnels. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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Page
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Page
27
Front Matter (R1-R10)
Summary (1-5)
Project Overview (6-6)
Description of the Survey Process (7-8)
Prevention of Tunnel Highway Fires (9-9)
Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure (10-10)
UPTUN - Summary (11-11)
SafeT (12-12)
Safe Tunnel (13-13)
EGSISTES (14-14)
Summary (15-15)
Heat Effects (16-16)
Air Carbon Monoxide Content (17-17)
Air Velocities (18-18)
Summary (19-19)
Cause of Vehicular Fires in Road Tunnels (20-22)
Consequences of Tunnel Fires (23-23)
Summary (24-25)
Combined Use for Road and Railway Vehicles (26-27)
Full Scale Tests (28-34)
Small-Scale Testing (Physical Modeling) (35-35)
Large-Scale Experimental Facilities (36-36)
Gaps in Fire Testing, Modeling Limitations, and Computational Fluid Dynamics Verifications (37-37)
Summary (38-39)
Chapter Seven - Analytical Fire Modeling - Literature Review (40-40)
Analytical (Numerical) Fire Modeling Technique (41-42)
Findings on Numerical Modeling Based on Literature Review (43-43)
Summary (44-44)
Severity of Tunnel Fires (45-45)
Existing Practice of Fire Management in Road Tunnels (46-46)
Best Design Practice (47-47)
Maintenance, Repair, and Rehabilitation of the Fire Management Systems (48-48)
Selected Important Examples (49-49)
Computer-Based Training Tools for Operators to Manage Fire - Virtual Training (50-52)
Background (53-54)
Integrated Approach to Safety in Tunnels (55-56)
Design Fire Size (57-58)
Exploring the Emerging Issues of Alternative Fuel Vehicles on Design Fires (59-63)
Fire Smoke and Smoke Production - Literature Review (64-67)
Temperature of Fire Gases and Tunnel Walls (68-69)
Fire Development Based on Literature Review (70-74)
Summary (75-77)
Chapter Ten - Compilation of Design Guidance, Standards, and Regulations (78-81)
Tunnel Ventilation and International Standards Requirements (82-88)
Tunnel Fire Detection, Notification, and International Standards Requirements (89-91)
Tunnel Egress and International Standards Requirements (92-92)
Tunnel Incident Response and International Standards Requirements (93-94)
Summary (95-95)
TimeTemperature and Time-of-Tenability Curves (96-98)
Emergency Egress Timeline (99-100)
Combined Curve for Evacuation and System Activation (101-101)
Summary (102-103)
Background (104-109)
Summary (110-110)
Influence of Ventilation on Fire Heat Release Rate (111-111)
Influence of Structural and Nonstructural Components on Fire Heat Release Rate (112-112)
Summary (113-113)
Example of Design Fire Size Estimate (114-115)
Chapter Fourteen - Conclusions (116-122)
References (123-125)
Bibliography (126-128)
Glossary (129-129)
Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire (130-135)
Appendix B - List of Responding Agencies (136-136)
Appendix C - Summary of Survey Questionnaire Responses (137-149)
Appendix D - Tunnel Safety Projects Additional Descriptions (150-155)
Appendix E - Fire Tests (156-159)
Appendix F - Comparison of National and International Standards Requirements (160-177)
Appendix G - Past Tunnel Fires Description (178-188)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (189-189)