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NCHRP Synthesis 415: Design Fires in Road Tunnels (2011)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis Program (NCHRPSYN)

Citation Manager

Maevski, Igor Y, Transportation Research Board. "Summary." NCHRP Synthesis 415: Design Fires in Road Tunnels. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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Page
77
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Page
77
Front Matter (R1-R10)
Summary (1-5)
Project Overview (6-6)
Description of the Survey Process (7-8)
Prevention of Tunnel Highway Fires (9-9)
Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure (10-10)
UPTUN - Summary (11-11)
SafeT (12-12)
Safe Tunnel (13-13)
EGSISTES (14-14)
Summary (15-15)
Heat Effects (16-16)
Air Carbon Monoxide Content (17-17)
Air Velocities (18-18)
Summary (19-19)
Cause of Vehicular Fires in Road Tunnels (20-22)
Consequences of Tunnel Fires (23-23)
Summary (24-25)
Combined Use for Road and Railway Vehicles (26-27)
Full Scale Tests (28-34)
Small-Scale Testing (Physical Modeling) (35-35)
Large-Scale Experimental Facilities (36-36)
Gaps in Fire Testing, Modeling Limitations, and Computational Fluid Dynamics Verifications (37-37)
Summary (38-39)
Chapter Seven - Analytical Fire Modeling - Literature Review (40-40)
Analytical (Numerical) Fire Modeling Technique (41-42)
Findings on Numerical Modeling Based on Literature Review (43-43)
Summary (44-44)
Severity of Tunnel Fires (45-45)
Existing Practice of Fire Management in Road Tunnels (46-46)
Best Design Practice (47-47)
Maintenance, Repair, and Rehabilitation of the Fire Management Systems (48-48)
Selected Important Examples (49-49)
Computer-Based Training Tools for Operators to Manage Fire - Virtual Training (50-52)
Background (53-54)
Integrated Approach to Safety in Tunnels (55-56)
Design Fire Size (57-58)
Exploring the Emerging Issues of Alternative Fuel Vehicles on Design Fires (59-63)
Fire Smoke and Smoke Production - Literature Review (64-67)
Temperature of Fire Gases and Tunnel Walls (68-69)
Fire Development Based on Literature Review (70-74)
Summary (75-77)
Chapter Ten - Compilation of Design Guidance, Standards, and Regulations (78-81)
Tunnel Ventilation and International Standards Requirements (82-88)
Tunnel Fire Detection, Notification, and International Standards Requirements (89-91)
Tunnel Egress and International Standards Requirements (92-92)
Tunnel Incident Response and International Standards Requirements (93-94)
Summary (95-95)
TimeTemperature and Time-of-Tenability Curves (96-98)
Emergency Egress Timeline (99-100)
Combined Curve for Evacuation and System Activation (101-101)
Summary (102-103)
Background (104-109)
Summary (110-110)
Influence of Ventilation on Fire Heat Release Rate (111-111)
Influence of Structural and Nonstructural Components on Fire Heat Release Rate (112-112)
Summary (113-113)
Example of Design Fire Size Estimate (114-115)
Chapter Fourteen - Conclusions (116-122)
References (123-125)
Bibliography (126-128)
Glossary (129-129)
Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire (130-135)
Appendix B - List of Responding Agencies (136-136)
Appendix C - Summary of Survey Questionnaire Responses (137-149)
Appendix D - Tunnel Safety Projects Additional Descriptions (150-155)
Appendix E - Fire Tests (156-159)
Appendix F - Comparison of National and International Standards Requirements (160-177)
Appendix G - Past Tunnel Fires Description (178-188)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (189-189)