Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
21 REFERENCES Able, K.P., âSkylight Polarization Patterns at Dusk Influence Migratory Orientation in Birds,â Nature, Vol. 299, No. 5883, 1982, pp. 550â551. Agüero, D.A., R.J. Johnson, and K.M. Eskridge, âMonofila- ment Lines Repel House Sparrows from Feeding Sites,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 19, 1991, pp. 416â422. Aguilera, E., R.L. Knight, and J.L. Cummings, âAn Evalua- tion of Two Hazing Methods for Urban Canada Geese,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1991, pp. 32â35. Allan, J.R., âThe Costs of Bird Strikes and Bird Strike Pre- vention,â In Proceedings of the National Wildlife Research Center Symposium, Human Conflicts with Wildlife: Eco- nomic Considerations, Fort Collins, Colo Research Cen- ter, 2002, pp. 147â155. Amling, W., âExclusion of Gulls from Reservoirs in Orange County, California,â In Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 9, 1980, pp. 29â30. Andelt, W.F., T.P. Woolley, and S.N. Hopper, âEffectiveness of Barriers, Pyrotechnics, Flashing Lights, and Scarey Man® for Deterring Heron Predation on Fish,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1997, pp. 686â694. Avery, M.L., âEvaluation of Methyl Anthranilate as a Bird Repellent in Fruit Crops,â In Proceedings of the 15th Ver- tebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 15, 1992, pp. 130â133. Avery, M.L., D.E. Daneke, D.G. Decker, P.W. Lefebvre, R.E. Matteson, and C.O. Nelms, âFlight Pen Evaluation of Eyespot Balloons to Protect Citrus from Bird Depreda- tions,â In Proceedings of the 13th Vertebrate Pest Confer- ence, Vol. 13, 1988, pp. 277â280. Avery, M.L. and D.G. Decker, âResponses of Captive Fish Crows to Eggs Treated with Chemical Repellents,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 58, No. 2, 1994, pp. 261â266. Avery, M.L., D.G. Decker, J.S. Humphrey, E. Aronov, S.D. Linscombe, and M.O. Way, âMethyl Anthranilate as a Rice Seed Treatment to Deter Birds,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 59, No. 1, 1995, pp. 50â56. Avery, M.L. and A.C. Genchi, âAvian Perching Deterrents on Ultrasonic Sensors at Airport Wind-Shear Alert Sys- tems,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2004, pp. 718â725. Avery, M.L., J.S. Humphrey, E.A. Tillman, K.O. Phares, and J.E. Hatcher, âDispersing Vulture Roosts on Communi- cation Towers,â Journal of Raptor Research, Vol. 36, 2002, pp. 45â50. Avery, M.L. and J.R. Mason, âFeeding Responses of Red- Winged Blackbirds to Multisensory Repellents,â Crop Protection, Vol. 16, No. 2, 1997, pp. 159â164. Avery, M.L. and C.O. Nelms, âFood Avoidance by Red- Winged Blackbirds Conditioned with a Pyrazine Odor,â The Auk, Vol. 107, No. 3, 1990, pp. 544â549. Ball, S.A., âSuspending Vulture Effigies from Roosts to Reduce Bird Strikes,â HumanâWildlife Conflicts, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2009, pp. 257â259. Bartholomew, G.A., Jr., âThe Fishing Activities of Double- crested Cormorants on San Francisco Bay,â Condor, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1942, pp. 13â21. Baxter, A., âUse of Distress Calls to Deter Birds from Land- fill Sites Near Airports,â International Bird Strike Com- mittee IBSC25/WP-AV9, 2000, pp. 401â409. Belant, J.L., âGulls in Urban Environments: Landscape- Level Management to Reduce Conflict,â Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 38, No. 3â4, 1997, pp. 245â258. Belant, J.L., S.W. Gabrey, R.A. Dolbeer, and T.W. Seamans, âMethyl Anthranilate Formulations Repel Gulls and Mallards from Water,â Crop Protection, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1995, pp. 171â175. Belant, J.L. and S.K. Ickes, âOverhead Wires Reduce Roof- Nesting by Ring-Billed Gulls and Herring Gulls,â In Pro- ceedings of the 17th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 17, 1996, pp. 108â112. Belant, J.L. and S.K. Ickes, âMylar Flags as Gull Deter- rents,â In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, Kansas State Uni- versity Agriculture Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kans., 1997, pp. 73â80. Belant, J.L., S.K. Ickes, L.A. Tyson, and T.W. Seamans, âComparison of d-Pulegone and Mangone as Cowbird Feeding Repellents,â International Journal of Pest Man- agement, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1997a, pp. 303â306. Belant, J.L., S.K. Ickes, L.A. Tyson, and T.W. Seamans, âComparison of Four Particulate Substances as Wildlife Feeding Repellents,â Crop Protection, Vol. 16, No. 5, 1997b, pp. 439â447. Belant, J.L., T.W. Seamans, R.A. Dolbeer, and P.P. Woro- necki, âEvaluation of Methyl Anthranilate as a Wood- pecker Repellent,â International Journal of Pest Management, Vol. 43, No. 1, 1997, pp. 59â62. Belant, J.L., T.W. Seamans, L.A. Tyson, and S.K. Ickes, âRepellency of Methyl Anthranilate to Pre-exposed and
22 Naive Canada Geese,â The Journal of Wildlife Manage- ment, Vol. 60, No. 4, 1996, pp. 923â928. Belant, J.L., P.P. Woronecki, R.A. Dolbeer, and T.W. Sea- mans, âIneffectiveness of Five Commercial Deterrents for Nesting Starlings,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1998, pp. 264â268. Belton, P., Effects of Interrupted Light on Birds, National Research Council, Canada, 1976. Berkhoudt, H., âStructure and Function of Avian Taste Receptors,â Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 3, 1985, pp. 463â496. Blackwell, B.F., âUnderstanding Avian Vision: The Key to Using Light in Bird Management,â In Proceedings of the 20th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 20, 2002, pp. 146â152. Blackwell, B.F. and G.E. Bernhardt, âEfficacy of Aircraft Landing Lights in Stimulating Avoidance Behavior in Birds,â Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 68, No. 3, 2004, pp. 725â732. Blackwell, B.F., G.E. Bernhardt, and R.A. Dolbeer, âLasers as Nonlethal Avian Repellents,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 66, No. 1, 2002, pp. 250â258. Blackwell, B.F., E. Fernandez-Juricic, T.W. Seamans, and T. Dolan, âAvian Visual System Configuration and Behav- ioural Response to Object Approach,â Animal Behaviour, Vol. 77, 2009, pp. 673â684. Blackwell, B.F., D.A. Helon, and R.A. Dolbeer, âRepelling Sandhill Cranes from Corn: Whole-Kernel Experiments with Captive Birds,â Crop Protection, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2001, pp. 65â68. Blackwell, B.F., T.W. Seamans, and R.A. Dolbeer, âPlant Growth Regulator (Strongholdâ¢) Enhances Repellency of Anthraquinone Formulation (Flight Controlâ¢) to Canada Geese,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 63, No. 4, 1999, pp. 1336â1343. Blackwell, B.F., T.L. DeVault, E. Fernandez-Juricic, and R.A. Dolbeer., âWildlife collisions with aircraft: A miss- ing component of land-use planning for airports,â Land- scape and Urban Planning, Vol. 93, 2009, pp. 1-9. Blokpoel, H., Bird Hazards to Aircraft: Problems and Pre- vention of Bird/Aircraft Collisions, Clarke, Irwin and Company Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1976. Blokpoel, H. and G.D. Tessier, âOverhead Wires and Mono- filament Lines Exclude Ring-Billed Gulls from Public Places,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1984, pp. 55â58. Boag, D.A. and V. Lewin, âEffectiveness of Three Waterfowl Deterrents on Natural and Polluted Ponds,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1980, pp. 145â154. Bomford, M. and P.H. OâBrien, âSonic Deterrents in Animal Damage Control: A Review of Device Tests and Effective- ness,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 18, 1990, pp. 411â422. Booth, T.W. âBird Dispersal Techniques,â Extension Publi- cation, Vol. 19, Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management, 1994. Boudreau, G.W., âStatus of Bio-sonics in Pest Bird Control,â In Proceedings of the Bird Control Seminar, Vol. 4, 1968, pp. 38â44. Bowmaker, J.K. and G.R. Martin, âVisual Pigments and Oil Droplets in the Penguin, Spheniscus humboldti,â Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 156, No. 1, 1985, pp. 71â77. Brough, T., âThe Dispersal of Starlings from Woodland Roosts and the Use of Bio-acoustics,â Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1969, pp. 403â410. Bruggers, R.L., J.E. Brooks, R.A. Dolbeer, P.P. Woronecki, R.K. Pandit, T. Tarimo, and M. Hoque, âResponses of Pest Birds to Reflecting Tape in Agriculture,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1986, pp. 161â170. Bryant, S.J., âFlying the Friendly Skies: Falconry,â Journal of Agricultural and Food Information, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005, pp. 91â95. Caraco, T., âRisk-Sensitivity and Foraging Groups,â Ecol- ogy, Vol. 62, No. 3, 1981, pp. 527â531. Caraco, T., S. Martindale, and H.R. Pulliam, âAvian Flock- ing in the Presence of a Predator,â Nature, Vol. 285, 1980a, pp. 400â401. Caraco, T., S. Martindale, and H.R. Pulliam, âAvian Time Budgets and Distance to Cover,â The Auk, Vol. 97, No. 4, 1980b, pp. 872â875. Carter, N.B., âThe Use of Border Collies in Dover Air Force Baseâs Wildlife Control Program,â In Bird Strike Com- mittees USA/Bird Strike Committee Canadaâ2nd Annual Joint Meeting, Aug. 8â10, Vol. 5, 2000a, 5 pp. Carter, N.B., âThe Use of Border Collies in Avian and Wild- life Control Programs,â Wildlife Damage Management ConferencesâProceedings, Vol. 15, 2000b, 9 pp. Castelli, P.M. and S.E. Sleggs, âEfficacy of Border Collies to Control Nuisance Canada Geese,â Wildlife Society Bul- letin, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2000, pp. 385â392. Cezilly, F., V. Boy, and H. Hafner, âGroup Foraging in Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta): From Field Evidence to Exper- imental Investigation,â Behavioural Processes, Vol. 21, Nos. 2â3, 1990, pp. 69â80. Charnov, E.L. and J.R. Krebs, âThe Evolution of Alarm Calls: Altruism or Manipulation?â American Naturalist, Vol. 109, No. 965, 1975, pp. 107â112.
23 Chipman, R.B., T.L. DeVault, D. Slate, K.J. Preusser, M.S. Carrara, J.W. Friers, and T.P. Algeo, âNon-Lethal Man- agement to Reduce Conflicts with Winter Urban Crow Roosts in New York: 2002â2007,â Proceedings of the 23rd Vertebrate Pest Conference, 2008, pp. 88â93. Univ. of Calif. Davis Clark, L., âDermal Contact Repellents for Starlings: Foot Exposure to Natural Plant Products,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 61, No. 4, 1997, pp. 1352â1358. Clark, L., âReview of Bird Repellents,â In Proceedings of the 18th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 18, 1998, p. 6. Clark, L. and J.L. Belant, âContribution of Particulates and pH on Cowbirdsâ (Molothrus ater) Avoidance of Grain Treated with Agricultural Lime,â Applied Animal Behav- iour Science, Vol. 57, Nos. 1â2, 1998, pp. 133â144. Clark, L. and P.S. Shah, âNonlethal Bird Repellents: In Search of a General Model Relating Repellency and Chemical Structure,â The Journal of Wildlife Manage- ment, Vol. 55, No. 3, 1991, pp. 538â545. Clark, L. and P.S. Shah, âChemical Bird Repellents: Possible Use in Cyanide Ponds,â The Journal of Wildlife Manage- ment, Vol. 57, No. 3, 1993, p. 657â664. Clark, L., P.S. Shah, and J.R. Mason, âChemical Repellency in Birds: Relationship between Chemical Structure and Avoidance Response,â Journal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 260, No. 3, 1991, pp. 310â322. Clark, L. and C.A. Smeraski, âSeasonal Shifts in Odor Acu- ity by Starlings,â Journal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 255, No. 1, 1990, pp. 22â29. Clark, W.H., G.M. Linz, and W.J. Bleier, âEffects of Aerial Lines on Red-winged Blackbird Nesting Success,â USDA National Wildlife Research CenterâStaff Publications, 2004, p. 350. Cleary, E.C. and A. Dickey, ACRP Report 32: Guidebook for Addressing Aircraft/Wildlife Hazards at General Avia- tion Airports, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010. Cleary, E.C. and R.A. Dolbeer, Wildlife Hazard Manage- ment at Airports, A Manual for Airport Personnel, 2nd ed., Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Federal Avi- ation Administration, U.S. Department of Transporta- tion, Washington, D.C., 2005. Coates, R., M. Delwiche, W. Gorenzel, and T. Salmon, âEvaluation of Damage by Vertebrate Pests in California Vineyards and Control of Wild Turkeys by Bioacoustics,â HumanâWildlife Interactions, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2010, pp. 130â144. Conklin, J.S., M.J. Delwiche, W.P. Gorenzel, and R.W. Coates, âDeterring Cliff-Swallow Nesting on Highway Structures Using Bioacoustics and Surface Modifica- tions,â HumanâWildlife Conflicts, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2009, pp. 93â104. Conniff, R., âWhy Catfish Farmers Want to Throttle the Crow of the Sea,â Smithsonian, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1991, pp. 44â50. Conover, M.R., âResponse of Birds to Raptor Models,â In Proceedings of the Bird Control Seminar, Vol. 8, 1979, pp. 16â24. Conover, M.R., âBehavioral Techniques to Reduce Bird Damage to Blueberries: Methiocarb and a HawkâKite Predator Model,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1982a, pp. 211â216. Conover, M.R., âModernizing the Scarecrow to Protect Crops from Birds,â Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1982b, pp. 7â8. Conover, M.R., âPole-Bound HawkâKites Failed to Protect Maturing Cornfields from Blackbird Damage,â In Pro- ceedings of the 9th Bird Control Seminar, 1983, pp. 85â90. Conover, M.R., âComparative Effectiveness of Avitrol, Exploders, and HawkâKites in Reducing Blackbird Dam- age to Corn,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 48, No. 1, 1984a, pp. 109â116. Conover, M.R., âResponse of Birds to Different Types of Food Repellents,â Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1984b, pp. 437â443. Conover, M.R., âProtecting Vegetables from Crows Using an Animated Crow-Killing Owl Model,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 49, No. 3, 1985a, pp. 643â645. Conover, M.R., âAlleviating Nuisance Canada Goose Prob- lems through Methiocarb-Induced Aversive Condition- ing,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 49, No. 3, 1985b, pp. 631â636. Conover, M.R., Resolving HumanâWildlife Conflicts: The Science of Wildlife Damage Management, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2002. Conover, M.R. and R.A. Dolbeer, âReflecting Tapes Fail to Reduce Blackbird Damage to Ripening Cornfields,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1989, pp. 441â443. Conover, M.R. and J.J. Perito, âResponse of Starlings to Dis- tress Calls and Predator Models Holding Conspecific Prey,â Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychologie, Vol. 57, No. 2, 1981, pp. 163â172. Cook, A., S. Rushton, J. Allan, and A. Baxter, âAn Evalua- tion of Techniques to Control Problem Bird Species on Landfill Sites,â Environmental Management, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2008, pp. 834â843.
24 Crase, F.T. and R.W. Dehaven, âMethiocarb: Its Current Sta- tus as a Bird Repellent,â In Proceedings of the 7th Verte- brate Pest Control Conference, Vol. 7, 1976, pp. 9â11. Cummings, J.L., M.L. Avery, O. Mathre, E.A. Wilson, D.L. York, R.M. Engeman, P.A. Pochop, et al., âField Evalua- tion of Flight Control⢠to Reduce Blackbird Damage to Newly Planted Rice,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2001, pp. 816â820. Cummings, J.L., M.L. Avery, P.A. Pochop, and J.E. Davis, âEvaluation of a Methyl Anthranilate Formulation for Reducing Bird Damage to Blueberries,â Crop Protection, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1995, pp. 257â259. Cummings, J.L., C.E. Knittle, and J.L. Guarino, âEvaluating a Pop-up Scarecrow Coupled with a Propane Exploder for Reducing Blackbird Damage to Ripening Sunflower,â In Proceedings of the 12th Vertebrate Pest Control Confer- ence, Vol. 12, 1986, pp. 286â291. Cummings, J.L., D.L. Otis, and J.E. Davis, Jr., âDimethyl and Methyl Anthranilate and Methiocarb Deter Feeding in Captive Canada Geese and Mallards,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 56, No. 2, 1992, pp. 349â355. Cummings, J.L., P.A. Pochop, J.E. Davis, Jr., and H.W. Krupa, âEvaluation of Rejex-It AG-36 as a Canada Goose Grazing Repellent,â The Journal of Wildlife Manage- ment, Vol. 59, No. 1, 1995, pp. 47â50. Cuthill, I.C., J.C. Partridge, A.T.D. Bennett, S.C. Church, N.S. Hart, and S. Hunt, âUltraviolet Vision in Birds,â Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 29, 2000, pp. 159â214. Davis, G.J., âSeasonal Changes in Flocking Behavior of Starlings as Correlated with Gonadal Development,â The Wilson Bulletin, Vol. 36, 1970, pp. 391â399. DeFusco, R.P. and J.G. Nagy, Frightening Devices for Air- field Bird Control, Colorado State University, Fort Col- lins, 1983. Dolbeer, R.A., âCost-Benefit Determination of Blackbird Damage Control for Cornfields,â Wildlife Society Bulle- tin, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1981, pp. 44â51. Dolbeer, R.A., âOrnithology and Integrated Pest Manage- ment: Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and Corn,â Ibis, Vol. 132, No. 2, 1990, pp. 309â322. Dolbeer, R.A., âEvaluation of Shooting and Falconry to Reduce Bird Strikes with Aircraft at John F. Kennedy International Airport,â In Proceedings of International Bird Strike Committee Meeting, Vol. 24, 1998, pp. 145â158. Dolbeer, R., âHeight Distribution of Birds Recorded by Col- lisions with Civil Aircraft,â Journal of Wildlife Manage- ment, Vol.70, 2006, pp. 1345-1350. Dolbeer, R.A., âBirds and AircraftâFighting for Airspace in Ever More Crowded Skies,â HumanâWildlife Conflicts, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2009, pp. 165â166. Dolbeer, R.A., âIncreasing Trend of Damaging Bird Strikes with Aircraft outside the Airport Boundary: Implications for Mitigation Measures,â Human Wildlife Interactions, Vol. 5, 2011, in press. Dolbeer, R.A., J.L. Belant, and J.L. Sillings, âShooting Gulls Reduces Strikes with Aircraft at John F. Kennedy Inter- national Airport,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 4, 1993, pp. 442â450. Dolbeer, R.A., L. Clark, P.P. Woronecki, and T.W. Seamans, âPen Tests of Methyl Anthranilate as a Bird Repellent in Water,â In Proceedings of the Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference, Vol. 5, 1992, pp. 112â116. Dolbeer, R.A., C.R. Ingram, J.L. Seubert, A.R. Stickley, Jr., and R.T. Mitchell, â4-Aminopyridine Effectiveness in Sweet Corn Related to Blackbird Population Density,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1976, pp. 564â570. Dolbeer, R.A., M.A. Link, and P.P. Woronecki, âNaphtha- lene Shows No Repellency for Starlings,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1988, pp. 62â64. Dolbeer, R.A., T.W. Seamans, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, âAnthraquinone Formulation (Flight Controlâ¢) Shows Promise as Avian Feeding Repellent,â The Jour- nal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 62, No. 4, 1988, pp. 1558â1564. Dolbeer, R.A., P.P. Woronecki, and R.L. Bruggers, âReflect- ing Tapes Repel Blackbirds from Millet, Sunflowers, and Sweet Corn,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1986, pp. 418â425. Dolbeer, R.A., and S.E. Wright, âWildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States, 1990â2007,â Serial Report 14, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Federal Avia- tion Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2008. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, and E.C. Cleary, âRanking the Hazard Level of Wildlife Species to Aviation,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2000, pp. 372â378. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J. Weller, and M.J. Begier, âWildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States 1990â2009,â Serial Report 15, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2010. Doncaster, C.P., J. Clobert, B. Doligez, L. Gustafsson, and E. Danchin, âBalanced Dispersal between Spatially Varying Local Populations: An Alternative to the Source- Sink Model,â American Naturalist, Vol. 150, No. 4, 1997, pp. 425â445.
25 Dooling, R., âBehavior and Psychophysics of Hearing in Birds,â The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 64, S1, 1978, p. S4. Dooling, R.J., B. Lohr, and M.L. Dent, âHearing in Birds and Reptiles,â In Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, Vol. 13, Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y., 2000, pp. 308â359. Duncan, C. J., âThe Sense of Taste in Birds,â Annals of Applied Biology, Vol. 48, No. 2, 1960, pp. 409â414. Durrant, J.D. and J.H. Lovrinic, Bases of Hearing Science, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 1984. Emlen, Jr., J.T., âFlocking Behavior in Birds,â The Auk, Vol. 69, No. 2, 1952, pp. 160â170. Erickson, W.A., R.E. Marsh, and T.P. Salmon, âA Review of Falconry as a Bird-Hazing Technique,â In Proceedings. of the 14th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 14, 1990, pp. 314â316. Erickson, W.A., R.E. Marsh, and T.P. Salmon, âHigh Fre- quency Sound Devices Lack Efficacy in Repelling Birds,â In Proceedings of the 15th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 15, 1992, pp. 103â104. Fay, R.R, âComparative psychoacousticsâ, Hearing Research, Vol. 34, 1988, pp. 295-305. Fay, R.R. and A.N. Popper, âEvolution of Hearing in Verte- brates: The Inner Ears and Processing,â Hearing Research, Vol. 149, Nos. 1â2, 2000, pp. 1â10. Fay, R.R., and L.A. Wilber, âHearing in Vertebrates: A Psy- chophysics Databook,â The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 86, 1989, p. 2044. Federal Aviation Administration, Hazardous Wildlife Attrac- tants on or Near Airports, Advisory Circular No. 150/5200-33B, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2007. Federal Aviation Administration, Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters, Section 2, Class B Airspace Standards, No. Order JO 7400.2G, Washington, D.C., 2008. Fernández-Juricic, E., S. Siller, and A. Kacelnik, âFlock Density, Social Foraging, and Scanning: An Experiment with Starlings,â Behavioral Ecology, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2004, pp. 371â379. Foundation, F. S.âFlight Safety Foundation approach-and-landing accident reduction briefing note 4.2âEnergy managementâ Flight Safety Digest, Augustâ November, 2000,pp.75â80. Fretwell, S.D. and H.L. Lucas, âOn Territorial Behavior and Other Factors Influ- encing Habitat Distribution in Birds,â Acta Biotheoretica, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1970, pp. 16â36. Frings, H. and M. Frings, Behavioral Manipulation (Visual, Mechanical, and Acoustical), Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 1967. Gadd, P., âAvitrol Use in the Protection of Wine Grapes from the House Finch (Linnet) in Sonoma County,â In Pro- ceedings of the 15th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 15, 1992, pp. 89â92. Glahn, J.F., and B. F. Blackwell, âSafety guidelines for using the Desman laser and Dissuader laser to disperse double- crested cormorants and other birdsâ, Miscellaneous Report, US Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, 2000. Glahn, J., G. Elliss, P. Fioranelli, and B. Dorr, âEvaluation of Moderate and Low-Powered Lasers for Dispersing Dou- ble-Crested Cormorants from Their Night Roosts,â In The Ninth Wildlife Damage Management Conference Proceedings, State College, Pa., 2000. Ganchrow, D. and J.R. Ganchrow, âNumber and Distribu- tion of Taste Buds in the Oral Cavity of Hatchling Chicks,â Physiology and Behavior, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1985, pp. 889â894. Gill, F.B., Ornithology, WH Freeman Publishing, New York, N.Y., 1995. Gilsdorf, J.M., S.E. Hygnstrom, and K.C. VerCauteren, âUse of Frightening Devices in Wildlife Damage Manage- ment,â Integrated Pest Management Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2002, pp. 29â45. Goodhue, L.D. and F.M. Baumgartner, âApplications of New Bird Control Chemicals,â The Journal of Wildlife Man- agement, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1965, pp. 830â837. Gorenzel, W.P., B.F. Blackwell, G.D. Simmons, T.P. Salmon, and R.A. Dolbeer, âEvaluation of Lasers to Disperse American Crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, from Urban Night Roosts,â International Journal of Pest Manage- ment, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2002, pp. 327â331. Gorenzel, W.P. and T.P. Salmon, âTape-Recorded Calls Dis- perse American Crows from Urban Roosts,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 21, 1993, pp. 334â338. Greig-Smith, P.W. and C.M. Rowney, âEffects of Colour on the Aversions of Starlings and House Sparrows to Five Chemical Repellents,â Crop Protection, Vol. 6, No. 6, 1987, pp. 402â409. Griffiths, R., âEfficacy Testing of an Ultrasonic Bird Repel- ler,â In Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Control Conference, Vol. 5, 1987, pp. 56â63. Guarino, J.L., âMethiocarb, a Chemical Bird Repellent: A Review of Its Effectiveness on Crops,â In Proceedings of the 5th Vertebrate Pest Control Conference, Vol. 5, 1972, pp. 108â111. Harris, R.E. and R.A. Davis, âEvaluation of the Efficacy of Products and Techniques for Airport Bird Control,â LGL
26 Limited for Aerodrome Safety Branch, Transport Can- ada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 1988. Hild, J., âFalconry as a Bird Deterrent on Airports,â Pro- ceedings of the Bird Strike Committee Europe, Vol. 17, 1984, pp. 229â230. Holevinski, R.A., P.D. Curtis, and R.A. Malecki, âHazing of Canada Geese Is Unlikely to Reduce Nuisance Popula- tions in Urban and Suburban Communities,â Humanâ Wildlife Conflicts, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2007, pp. 257â264. Holler, N.R. and E.W. Schafer, Jr., âPotential Secondary Hazards of Avitrol Baits to Sharp-Shinned Hawks and American Kestrels,â The Journal of Wildlife Manage- ment, Vol. 46, No. 2, 1982, pp. 457â462. Holt, R.D., âPopulation Dynamics in Two-Patch Environ- ments: Some Anomalous Consequences of an Optimal Habitat Distribution,â Theoretical Population Biology, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1985, pp. 181â208. Hothem, R.L. and R.W. DeHaven, âRaptor-Mimicking Kites for Reducing Bird Damage to Wine Grapes,â In Proceed- ings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 10, 1982, pp. 171â178. Johnson, R.J., P.H. Cole, and W.W. Stroup, âStarling Response to Three Auditory Stimuli,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 49, No. 3, 1985, pp. 620â625. Kenward, R.E. âHawks and Doves: Factors Affecting Suc- cess and Selection in Goshawk Attacks on Woodpigeons,â The Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 47, No. 2, 1978, pp. 449â460. Kitowski, I., G. Grzywaczewski, J. Cwiklak, M. Grzegorze- wski, and S. Krop, âFalconer Activities as a Bird Disper- sal Tool at Deblin Airfield (E Poland),â Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2010, pp. 82â86. Knittle, C.E., J.L. Cummings, G.M. Linz, and J.F. Besser, âAn Evaluation of Modified 4-Aminopyridine Baits for Protecting Sunflowers from Blackbird Damage,â In Pro- ceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 13, 1988, pp. 248â253. Koehler, A.E., R.E. Marsh, and T.P. Salmon, âFrightening Methods and Devices/Stimuli to Prevent Mammal Dam- ageâA Review,â In Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 14, 1990, pp. 168â173. Koski, W.R., S.D. Kevan, W.J. Richardson, and K. Strom, Bird Dispersal and Deterrent Techniques for Oil Spills in the Beaufort Sea, Delta Environmental Management Group, Loveland, Colo., 1993. Laidlaw, G.W.J., H. Blokpoel, V.E.F. Solman, and M. McLaren, âGull Exclusion,â In Proceedings of the 11th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Mar. 6â8, 1994, p. 19. Landeau, L. and J. Terborgh, âOddity and the âConfusion Effectâ in Predation,â Animal Behaviour, Vol. 34, No. 5, 1986, pp. 1372â1380. Larkin, R.P., J.R. Torre-Bueno, D.R. Griffin, and C. Walcott, âReactions of Migrating Birds to Lights and Aircraft,â Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 6, 1975, p. 1994. Lefebvre, P.W. and D.F. Mott, âReducing Bird/Aircraft Haz- ards at Airports through Control of Bird Nesting, Roost- ing, Perching, and Feeding,â US Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Bird Damage Research Report, Vol. 390, 1987, p. 90. Littauer, G., âAvian Predators,â Southern Regional Aquacul- ture Center Publication No. 401, 1990. Littauer, G.A., J.F. Glahn, D.S. Reinhold, and M.W. Brunson, âControl of Bird Predation at Aquaculture Facilities: Strategies and Cost Estimates,â Southern Regional Aqua- culture Center Publication No. 402, Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Miss., 1997, 4 pp. Lowney, M.S., âExcluding Non-Migratory Canada Geese with Overhead Wire Grids,â In Proceedings of the East- ern Wildlife Damage Control Conference, Vol. 6, 1993, pp. 85â88. Lustick, S., âThe Effect of Intense Light on Bird Behavior and Physiology,â In Proceedings of the Bird Control Sem- inar, Vol. 6, 1973, pp. 171â186. Marra, P.P., et al., âMigratory Canada Geese Cause Crash of US Airways Flight 1549,â Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 7, No. 6, 2009, pp. 297â301. Martin, G., âSensory Capacities and the Nocturnal Habit of Owls (Strigiformes),â Ibis, Vol. 128, No. 2, 1986, pp. 266â277. Martin, L.R. and P.C. Martin, âResearch Indicates Propane Cannons Can Move Birds,â Pest Control, Vol. 52, No. 4, 1984, p. 52. Mason, J.R. and L. Clark, âThe Chemical Senses in Birds,â In Sturkieâs Avian Physiology, G.C. Whittow, Ed., 5th ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2000, pp. 39â56. Mastrota, F.N. and J.A. Mench, âEvaluation of Taste Repel- lents with Northern Bobwhites for Deterring Ingestion of Granular Pesticides,â Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1995, pp. 631â638. McAtee, W.L. and S.E. Piper, âExcluding Birds from Reser- voirs and Fishponds,â U.S. Department of Agriculture Leaflet, The Progressive Fish Culturist, Vol. 120, 1936, p. 22. McLaren, M.A., R.E. Harris, and W.J. Richardson, âEffec- tiveness of an Overhead Wire Barrier in Deterring Gulls from Feeding at a Sanitary Landfill,â In Proceedings of
27 the Wildlife Hazards to Aircraft Conference and Training Workshop, Charleston, S.C., Vol. 379, 1984, pp. 241â251. McLennan, J.A., N.P.E. Langham, and R.E.R. Porter, âDeter- rent Effect of Eye-Spot Balls on Birds,â New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1995, pp. 139â144. Montoney, A.J. and H.C. Boggs, âEffects of a Bird Hazard Reduction Force on Reducing Bird/Aircraft Strike Haz- ards at the Atlantic City International Airport, NJ,â In Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference, Vol. 6, 1995, pp. 59â66. Moore, C.A. and R. Elliott, âNumerical and Regional Distri- bution of Taste Buds on the Tongue of the Bird,â The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 84, No. 2, 1946, pp. 119â131. Mott, D.F., âDispersing Blackbirds and Starlings from Objectionable Roost Sites,â In Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 9, 1980, pp. 38â42. Mott, D.F., K.J. Andrews, and G.A. Littauer, âAn Evaluation of Roost Dispersal for Reducing Cormorant Activity on Catfish Ponds,â In Proceedings of the Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference, Vol. 5, 1992, pp. 205â211. Mott, D.F. and F.L. Boyd, âA Review of Techniques for Pre- venting Cormorant Depredations at Aquaculture Facili- ties in the Southeastern United States,â Colonial Waterbirds, Vol. 18, 1995, pp. 176â180. Mott, D.F. and M.W. Brunson, âA Historical Perspective of Catfish Production in the Southeast in Relation to Avian Predation,â In Proceedings of the Eastern Wildlife Dam- age Control Conference, Vol. 7, 1997, pp. 23â30. Mott, D.F., J.F. Glahn, P.L. Smith, D.S. Reinhold, K.J. Bruce, and C.A. Sloan, âAn Evaluation of Winter Roost Harass- ment for Dispersing Double-Crested Cormorants Away from Catfish Production Areas in Mississippi,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1998, pp. 584â591. Mott, D.F. and S.K. Timbrook, âAlleviating Nuisance Can- ada Goose Problems with Acoustical Stimuli,â In Pro- ceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 13, 1988, pp. 301â305. Muller, K.L., J.A. Stamps, V.V. Krishnan, and N.H. Willits, âThe Effects of Conspecific Attraction and Habitat Qual- ity on Habitat Selection in Territorial Birds (Troglodytes aedon),â American Naturalist, Vol. 150, No. 5, 1997, pp. 650â661. Nakamura, K., Y. Shirota, T. Kaneko, and S. Matsuoka, âScaring Effectiveness of Eyespot Balloons on the Rufous Turtle Dove, Streptopelia orientalis (Latham), in a Flight Cage,â Applied Entomology and Zoology (Japan), Vol. 30, No. 3, 1995, pp. 383â393. Neff, J.A. and R.T. Mitchell, âThe Rope FirecrackerâA Device to Protect Crops from Bird Damage,â U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Leaflet, Vol. 2, 1995, pp. 156â162. Nelms, C.O. and M.L. Avery, âReducing Bird Repellent Application Rates by the Addition of Sensory Stimuli,â International Journal of Pest Management, Vol. 43, No. 3, 1997, pp. 187â190. Nomsen, D.E., âPreventing Waterfowl Crop Damage,â Water- fowl, Ripening Grain Damage and Control Methods, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., 1989. Page, G. and D.F. Whitacre, âRaptor Predation on Wintering Shorebirds,â Condor, Vol. 77, No. 1, 1975, pp. 73â83. Patterson, B., âWildlife Control at Vancouver International Airport: Introducing Border Collies,â International Bird Strike Committee IBSC25/WP- A, 2000, pp. 1â7. Pearson, E.W., P.R. Skon, and G.W. Corner, âDispersal of Urban Roosts with Records of Starling Distress Calls,â The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1967, pp. 502â506. Pearson, R.G., The Avian Brain, Academic Press, London, 1972. Pochop, P.A., R.J. Johnson, D.A. Aguero, and K.M. Eskridge, âThe Status of Lines in Bird Damage ControlâA Review,â In Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Con- ference, Vol. 14, 1990, pp. 317â324. Powell, G., âExperimental Analysis of the Social Value of Flocking by Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in Relation to Predation and Foraging,â Animal Behaviour, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1974, pp. 501â505. Preusser, S.E., T.W. Seamans, A.L. Gosser, and R.B. Chip- man, âEvaluation of an Integrated Non-Lethal Canada Goose Management Program in New York (2004â2006),â Proceedings of the 23rd Vertebrate Pest Conference, R.M. Timms and M.B. Madon, Eds., Univ. of Calif., Davis, 2008, pp. 66â73. Provenza, F.D., âOrigins of Food Preference in Herbivores,â In Repellents in Wildlife Management, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colo., 1997, pp. 81â90. Pulliam, H.R., âSources, Sinks, and Population Regulation,â American Naturalist, Vol. 132, No. 5, 1988, pp. 652â661. Pulliam, H.R., G.H. Pyke, and T. Caraco, âThe Scanning Behavior of Juncos: A Game-Theoretical Approach,â Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 95, No. 1, 1982, pp. 89â103. Raguso, R.A. and M.A. Willis, âSynergy between Visual and Olfactory Cues in Nectar Feeding by Native Hawk- moths, Manduca sexta,â Animal Behaviour, Vol. 64, No. 5, 2002, pp. 685â695.
28 Reidinger, Jr., R.F. and J.L. Libay, âPerches Coated with Glue Reduce Bird Damage in Ricefield Plots,â In Bird Control Seminars Proceedings, 1979, p. 26. Reinhold, D.S. and C.A. Sloan, âStrategies to Reduce Dou- ble-crested Cormorant Depredation at Aquaculture Facilities in Mississippi,â In Symposium on Double- crested Cormorants: Population Status and Management Issues in the Midwest, M.E. Tobin, Ed., Milwaukee, Wisc., Technical Bulletin No. 1879, 1997, pp. 99â106. Richardson, W.J. and T. West, âSerious Birdstrike Accidents to Military Aircraft: Updated List and Summary,â Pro- ceedings of the International Bird Strike Committee 25, 2000, pp. 67â98. Rogers, Jr., J.G., âResponses of Caged Red-Winged Black- birds to Two Types of Repellents,â The Journal of Wild- life Management, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1974, pp. 418â423. Ronconi, R.A. and C. Clair, âEfficacy of a Radar-Activated On-Demand System for Deterring Waterfowl from Oil Sands Tailings Ponds,â Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2006, pp. 111â119. Ronconi, R.A., C.C. St. Clair, P.D. OâHara, A.E. Burger, R.H. Day, and B.A. Cooper, âWaterbird Deterrence at Oil Spills and Other Hazardous Sites: Potential Applications of a Radar-Activated On-Demand Deterrence System,â Marine Ornithology, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2004, pp. 25â33. Roper, T.J., âOlfaction in Birds,â Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 28, 1999, pp. 247â332. Seamans, T.W. âResponse of Roosting Turkey Vultures to a Vulture Effigy,â Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. 104, No. 5, 2004, pp. 136â138. Seamans, T.W., S.C. Barras, and G.E. Bernhardt, âEvalua- tion of Two Perch Deterrents for Starlings, Blackbirds and Pigeons,â International Journal of Pest Management, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2007, pp. 45â51. Seamans, T.W., S.C. Barras, and Z.J. Patton, âAre Birds Scared by Rotating Mirrors?â In 2003 Bird Strike Com- mittee USA/Canada, 5th Joint Annual Meeting, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2003, p. 12. Seamans, T.W. and G.E. Bernhardt, âResponse of Canada Geese to a Dead Goose Effigy,â In Proceedings of the 21st Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 21, 2004, pp. 104â106. Seamans, T.W., B.F. Blackwell, and J.T. Gansowski, âEvalu- ation of the Allsopp Helikite as a Bird Scaring Device,â In Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Vol. 20, 2002, pp. 129â134. Seamans, T.W. and D.A. Helon, âEvaluation of the Chroma- Flair® Crow Buster as a Starling Repellent at Nest Sites,â In ProceedingsâVertebrate Pest Conference, Wildlife and Fisheries Biology, University of California, Davis, 2006, p. 228. Seamans, T.W., C.D. Lovell, R.A. Dolbeer, and J.D. Cepek, âEvaluation of Mirrors to Deter Nesting Starlings,â Wild- life Society Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 4, 2001, pp. 1061â1066. Senar, J.C., M.J. Conroy, and A. Borras, âAsymmetric Exchange between Populations Differing in Habitat Quality: A Metapopulation Study on the Citril Finch,â Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2002, pp. 425â441. Sillman, A.J., âAvian Vision,â In Avian Biology, Vol. 3, D.S. Farner, J.R. King, and K.C. Parkes, Eds., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 1973, pp. 349â387. Sirot, E., âSocial Information, Antipredatory Vigilance and Flight in Bird Flocks,â Animal Behaviour, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2006, pp. 373â382. Slatkin, M., âRare Alleles as Indicators of Gene Flow,â Evo- lution, Vol. 31, No. 9, 1985, pp. 53â65. Solman, V., âBirds and aircraftâ, Biological Conservation, Vol. 72, 1973, pp.79-86. Spanier, E., âThe Use of Distress Calls to Repel Night Her- ons (Nycticorax nycticorax) from Fish Ponds,â Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1980, pp. 287â294. Stebbins, W.C., The Acoustic Sense of Animals, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1983. Stevens, G.R. and L. Clark, âBird Repellents: Development of Avian-Specific Tear Gases for Resolution of Humanâ Wildlife Conflicts,â International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, Vol. 42, No. 2â3, 1998, pp. 153â160. Stevens, G.R., J. Rogue, R. Weber, and L. Clark, âEvaluation of a Radar-Activated, Demand-Performance Bird Hazing System,â International Biodeterioration and Biodegra- dation, Vol. 45, No. 3â4, 2000, pp. 129â137. Stickley, Jr., A.R., D.F. Mott, and J.O. King, âShort-Term Effects of an Inflatable Effigy on Cormorants at Catfish Farms,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1995, pp. 73â77. Strong, R.M., âOn the Olfactory Organs and the Sense of Smell in Birds,â Journal of Morphology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1911, pp. 619â661. Sullivan, K.A., âThe Advantages of Social Foraging in Downy Woodpeckers,â Animal Behaviour, Vol. 32, No. 1, 1984, pp. 16â22. Summers, R.W. and G. Hillman, âScaring Brent Geese (Branta bernicla) from Fields of Winter Wheat with Tape,â Crop Protection, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1990, pp. 459â462. Sweeney, J. and M.A. McLaren, Bird Control Management Plan: Anchorage Regional Landfill, Report by Solid Waste Services Department, Anchorage and LGL Ltd.,
29 King City, Ontario, for Municipality of Anchorage, 1987, 38 pp. Swindle, K.U.F., âCurrent Uses of Avitrol® for Bird Man- agement,â In ProceedingsâVertebrate Pest Conference, Wildlife and Fisheries Biology, University of California, Davis, 2002, p. 114. Thompson, R.D., C.V. Grant, E.W. Pearson, and G.W. Cor- ner, âCardiac Response of Starlings to Sound: Effects of Lighting and Grouping,â American Journal of Physiol- ogy, Vol. 214, No. 1, 1968, p. 41. Thorpe, J. âFatalities and Destroyed Aircraft Due to Bird Strikes, 1912â2002,â In Proceedings of the 26th Interna- tional Bird Strike Committee, 2003, pp. 85â113. Thorpe, J., âFatalities and Destroyed Aircraft Due to Bird Strikes, 2002â2004 (with an appendix of animal strikes),â Proceedings of the 27th International Bird Strike Com- mittee, 2005, pp. 17â24. Tillman, E.A., J.S. Humphrey, and M.L. Avery, âUse of Vul- ture Carcasses and Effigies to Reduce Vulture Damage to Property and Agriculture,â In Proceedings of the 20th Vertebrate Pest Conference, 2002, pp. 29â30. Tinbergen, J.M., âForaging Decisions in Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.),â Ardea, Vol. 69, No. 1, 1981, p. 67. Tipton, A.R., et al., âUse of Monofilament Line, Reflective Tape, Beach Balls and Pyrotechnics for Controlling Grackle Damage to Citrus,â In Proceedings of the 9th Great Plains Wildlife Control Workshop, 1989, pp. 126â128. Tobin, M.E., âResearch and Management of Bird Depreda- tions at Catfish Farms,â In Proceedings of the 18th Verte- brate Pest Conference, Vol. 18, 1998, pp. 67â70. Tobin, M.E., P.P. Woronecki, R.A. Dolbeer, and R.L. Brug- gers, âReflecting Tape Fails to Protect Ripening Blueber- ries from Bird Damage,â Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1988, pp. 300â303. Verbeek, N.A.M., âDaily and Annual Time Budget of the Yellow-billed Magpie,â The Auk, Vol. 89, No. 3, 1972, pp. 567â582. VerCauteren, K.C., J.M. Gilsdorf, S.E. Hygnstrom, P.D. Fio- ranelli, J.A. Wilson, and S. Barras, âGreen and Blue Lasers are Ineffective for Dispersing Deer at Night,â Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2006, pp. 371â374. Vogt, P.F., âReJeX-iT TM AG-36 as Bird Aversion Agent for Turf and Agriculture,â In Proceedings of the 9th Verte- brate Pest Conference, Vol. 16, 1994, pp. 275â278. Waldvogel, J.A., âOlfactory Orientation by Birds,â Current Ornithology, Vol. 6, 1989, pp. 269â321. Walker, C., âFalconry Used to Secure North American Air- ports,â National Geographic News, March, 2003, p. 25. Wallraff, H.G., J. Kiepenheuer, M.F. Neumann, and A. Streng, âHoming Experiments with Starlings Deprived of the Sense of Smell,â Condor, Vol. 97, No. 1, 1995, pp. 20â26. Walters, C.J., Adaptive Management of Renewable Resources, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., 1986. Washburn, B.E., R.B. Chipman, and L.C. Francoeur, âEval- uation of Bird Response to Propane Exploders in an Air- port Environment,â In ProceedingsâVertebrate Pest Conference, Wildlife and Fisheries Biology, University of California, Davis, 2006, p. 212. Wenzel, B.M., âOlfactory Perception in Birds,â In Olfaction and Taste II: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, Tokyo, Symposium Publications Division, Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1967, p. 203. Wenzel, B.M., âAvian Olfaction: Then and Now,â Journal of Ornithology, Vol. 148, Supplement 2, 2007, pp. 191â194. Werner, S.J. and L. Clark, âUnderstanding Blackbird Sen- sory Systems and How Repellent Applications Work,â In Management of North American Blackbirds Symposium, Bismarck, N.D., 2003, 10 pp. Werner, S.J., B.A. Kimball, and F.D. Provenza, âFood Color, Flavor, and Conditioned Avoidance among Red-Winged Blackbirds,â Physiology and Behavior, Vol. 93, Nos. 1â2, 2008, pp. 110â117. White, T.M. and R. Weintraub, âA Technique for Reduction and Control of Herring Gulls at a Sanitary Landfill,â Waste Age, 1983, pp. 66â67. Woronecki, P.P., âEffect of Ultrasonic, Visual, and Sonic Devices on Pigeon Numbers in a Vacant Building,â In Proceedings of the Bird Control Seminar, Vol. 13, 1988, pp. 266â272. Woronecki, P.P., R.A. Dolbeer, and T.W. Seamans, âField Trials of Alpha-chloralose and DRC-1339 for Reducing Numbers of Herring Gulls,â In Proceedings of the Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, Vol. 9, 1989, pp. 148â153. Young, S.R. and G.R. Martin, âOptics of Retinal Oil Drop- lets: A Model of Light Collection and Polarization Detec- tion in the Avian Retina,â Vision Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1984, pp. 129â137. Zajanc, A., âMethods of Controlling Starlings and Black- birds,â In Proceedings of the 1st Vertebrate Pest Confer- ence, Vol. 1, 1962, p. 15. Zeigler, H.P. and H.J. Bischof, Vision, Brain, and Behavior in Birds, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1993.