Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 5
5
CHAPTER TWO
INTEGRATIVE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT
To maximize reduction of bird use of airports or other areas, cessful in dispersing Canada geese in urban and suburban
integrated approaches employing multiple techniques are communities (Holevinski et al. 2007). A combination of
generally more successful and more widely used than indi- lasers, distress calls, and pyrotechnics was 98% effective
vidual techniques (Conover 2002). In addition to harass- in reducing crow abundance at urban roosts (Chipman et
ment, deterrent, and exclusion techniques, other categories al. 2008). Lethal control can also enhance the efficacy of
of bird damage management including habitat management harassment and deterrent techniques at airports (Dolbeer et
and lethal control must be implemented when appropriate. al. 1993).
There are several examples (e.g., Montoney and Boggs 1995;
Belant 1997; Tobin 1998) of integrated approaches having Although integration of multiple deterrent, harassment,
improved effectiveness over single techniques. Mott and and repellent techniques can likely reduce bird use of air-
Timbrook (1988) demonstrated greater reductions in goose ports more than any single technique, habitat within the
abundance at campgrounds when incorporating goose alarm airport and surrounding landscape must also be considered.
and distress calls with pyrotechnics. Waterfowl use of ponds Following distribution theory, as habitat suitability on and
was reduced when motion-activated frightening devices adjacent to the airport increases, use of this habitat by birds
were integrated with a chemical repellent (Stevens et al. and other wildlife at the individual and population level will
2000). An integrated approach including harassment tech- also increase. In turn, reductions in habitat suitability would
niques and public education was effective in reducing goose be expected to result in reduced bird and other wildlife use.
abundance and the number of nuisance complaints (Preusser As habitat becomes less suitable, the potential for enhanced
et al. 2008). Use of multiple hazing techniques, particularly effectiveness of deterrent, harassment, and repellent tech-
those that included the use of border collies, was most suc- niques should increase.
