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perform the energy audit and develop recommenda- facturer to obtain vehicles and a fuel/energy company
tions without committing to the GESC. The airports for construction of the hydrogen fueling station. These
then implement the recommendations on their own examples are discussed in more detail in the next chapter.
or through traditional third-party contracting. Staff
of one airport, Rolf Wold MinneapolisSt. Paul Inter-
national Airport, pointed to (1) concerns about con- CHARITABLE FOUNDATIONS
tractual issues in a GESC, in particular defining how
The study located a limited number of charitable foundations
energy savings would be calculated; and (2) the abil-
that may provide grants for environmental initiatives. Because
ity to get rebates directly from a utility, as reasons for
of requirements to maintain the tax exempt status imposed on
pursuing the initiatives without a GESC.
foundations, it may be necessary for the airport to partner with
· Vehicle emissions--The study shows that local or
a local nonprofit to qualify. Information on these foundations
regional consortiums and regional planning agencies can
is included in the matrix. The study also identified two websites
play an important role in financing initiatives to reduce
that provide listings of grant making foundations. The Founda-
vehicle emissions. No instances were found in which
tion Center at http://foundationcenter.org/ offers comprehen-
these entities were themselves the source of funds. How-
sive listings of foundations. A subscription is required to access
ever, as conduits of funds, they can enhance an airport's
some of the center's databases. However, listings of open RFPs
access to other funding programs in a number of ways.
are available at no charge at http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/
First, for the Clean Cities program, only certified coali-
rfp/. The Norcross Wildlife Foundation includes in its website
tions are eligible to apply, as reflected in Table 2. Sec-
a link to general information on foundations. However, the
ond, some programs may provide a higher priority to
links appear to be oriented toward foundations, rather than
applications submitted by consortiums, including mul-
potential grantees. The link is http://www.norcrossws.org/
tiple fleet owners. Third, by assembling projects from
Foundation%20Infor/Foundmain.html.
multiple fleet owners, coalitions or other regional agen-
cies can meet high minimum grant requirements for
some programs, as noted in some of the case examples MATRIX OF NONGOVERNMENTAL
in the next chapter. Finally, as the direct grant recipient, FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
these regional entities may perform some of the admin-
istrative work in support of a grant normally performed Table 3 summarizes the information on nongovernmental
by the airport if it were the grantee. Regional coalitions funding opportunities. A blank cell means that the relevant
and planning agencies may also provide support for information was not readily available through the referenced
ridesharing initiatives as another alternative to reducing websites. Listings of consortia or planning agency organi-
vehicle emissions. zations are limited to those identified through searches of
Another form of funding assistance for vehicle emis- other websites or through interviews. Clean Cities Certified
sion reduction involves financial support by the private Coalitions are listed at http://www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/
sector. One airport--Dallas/Fort Worth International Air- progs/coalition_locations.php.
port (DFW) was able to get a CNG refueling station built
at no cost to the airport by a commercial CNG station The listings of utilities that offer financial incentives are
operator. The CNG station serves the airport's CNG fleet, limited to those that were cited on state government websites
and the station operator provides reduced rates to the and are presented for illustrative purposes. Similar programs
airport. The station operator benefits because the station may be available from utilities in other states. As noted pre-
is open to the public for retail sales. Another airport-- viously, the DSIRE website--www.dsireusa.org--provides
John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK)--was able a complete listing of utilities providing financial incentives
to implement a hydrogen fuel vehicle program at limited sorted by state. The charitable foundations identified during
cost by working cooperatively with a vehicle manu- this study are also included in the matrix.
