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Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs (2011)

Chapter: Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives

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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Three - Federal Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14567.
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11 INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses federal funding opportunities for airport environmental initiatives. It includes a discussion of FAA grant programs to provide a comprehensive information resource. It is recognized that airport management is familiar with FAA programs. For other agencies, much of the information was derived from searches of the grants.gov website (www.grants. gov). This chapter includes a brief discussion of the use of grants.gov as a resource, followed by generally applicable con- siderations, followed by a discussion of various agency pro- grams. The final section of the chapter is the matrix of funding opportunities in the form of Table 1. GRANTS.GOV WEBSITE The grants.gov website is intended to be a comprehensive source of information on available federal grant programs. Figure 1 is a screen shot of the “Find Grant Opportunities” page of grants.gov. As shown in Figure 1, 26 federal agencies post their dis- cretionary grant opportunities on this website. Grant oppor- tunities can be searched by agency or by category. Searches can be performed using key words or the Catalogue of Fed- eral Domestic Assistance number. One of the categories is environmental grants. A search using that category produced 295 results, including grants to support conferences. Using the information in this report, it might be more efficient to target one or more agencies or programs highlighted in this synthesis as the focus of a search. In using grants.gov to search for funding opportunities it is important that airports be aware of certain features of the website. First, for many agencies or programs, expired opportunities remain posted on the site, presumably for infor- mation purposes. It is possible to request that search results be sorted with the most recent results posted first. Doing so will expedite the search process. It is also possible to limit searches to open opportunities when conducting a keyword search. Second, new grant opportunities are added to the site on a continual basis. In the course of preparing this report, two searches of grants.gov for the same agency within a day often resulted in new grant opportunities being listed. There- fore, regular searches may be required, unless an airport has arranged for automatic notification of grant opportunities with individual federal agencies. Third, on occasion com- plete information on a program may not be available through grants.gov. It may be necessary to go directly to an individ- ual agency’s website to obtain this information. On at least one occasion, however, the search of the agency’s website led back to grants.gov. Many agencies also use grants.gov to accept grant applica- tions. For some agencies and programs submission through this website is offered as an option to paper filing. For other agencies, the use of grants.gov is mandatory, as reflected in Table 1. To use grants.gov to submit applications, it is neces- sary to register; a process can take up to two weeks. Two key steps of the registration process are obtaining from Dun and Bradstreet a Data Universal Numbering System number and registering with the federal government’s Central Contractor Registration. Information on completing these and the remain- ing steps required for registration is available at http://www. grants.gov/assets/OrgRegUserGuide.pdf. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR FEDERAL GRANTS Administration of AIP grants shares some features in com- mon with other grant programs and includes unique features. Considering the familiarity most airports have with AIP pro- cedures, the discussion of general considerations focuses on the common characteristics and the unique characteristics. Common Characteristics The most significant common characteristics of federal grant programs are outlined here. General Federal Requirements AIP grants are subject to a number of federal requirements that are not directly related to the project being funded. Appendix A lists all federal requirements associated with AIP grants, according to AIP Grant Assurance No. 1; requirements that are specific to AIP grants and other grants administered by the U.S.DOT are highlighted. General requirements or restric- tions range from the Hatch Act, restricting use of federal funds for lobbying to the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of age in feder- ally funded programs. Many of these requirements are tied to the receipt of federal funds and are potentially applicable to CHAPTER THREE FEDERAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES

Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes FAA Noise Compatibil- ity Program Airport noise 1. Development of airport noise exposure maps 2. Development of airport noise compatibility programs 3. Implementation of noise compatibility measures, including sound insulation and acquisition of residential property for noise impacted facilities including schools, medical facilities, and churches Owner/ operator of an AIP- eligible airport or communi- ties adjacent to a large or medium hub airport 49 USC §§47504, 47505, 47141; 14 CFR Part 150; AC- 150/5120-1; www.faa.gov/e nvironmental/a irport_noise ; www.faa.gov/a irports/aip (for general AIP information applicable to environmental grants Grants Local Match— 80% large and medium hub airports 95% for all other airports Start noise exposure map and noise compatibility process—2 yr before planned award of grant Submit NEM and NCP to FAA for approval—180 days before request for funds Submit funding request to FAA—February preceding the fiscal year funds are desired; e.g., February 2010 for FY 2011 grants Bid project— 2nd quarter of fiscal year funds are desired (e.g., March 2010 for FY 2010 grants Noise compatibility measures are eligible for funding only if included in FAA-approved Part 150 NCP except: soundproofing of educational and medical facilities. Adjacent communities may receive funding only if the adjacent airport does not have an approved NCP or the NCP is out of date Grants for projects must generally be based on bids Land acquisition projects subject Extensive community participation required for development of NCPs. TABLE 1 FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES (Table 1 continued on the next page)

submitted to local FAA Airports office to a disposal requirement Additional requirements listed in AIP grant assurances, www.faa.gov/ai rports/aip/grant _assurances FAA Voluntary Airport Low Emission (VALE) Program Air quality Projects at airports to reduce emissions, including vehicle replacement, gate electrification, hydrant fueling systems, and renewable energy installation Commercial service airports in Clean Air Act nonattain- ment of mainten- ance areas 49 USC §§47102(3) (K), (L) http://www.faa .gov/airports/ environmental/ vale/ Dr. Jake Plante 202-493-4875 jake.plante@fa a.gov Grants Local match— 75% large and medium hub airports 95% all other airports Project formulation—2 yr before planned award of grant request for funds Submit funding request to FAA—February preceding the fiscal year funds are desired; e.g., Feb. 2010 for FY 2011 grants Bid project— 2nd quarter of fiscal funds are desired (e.g., March 2010 for FY 2010 grants) Application submitted to local FAA Airports office Commitment of air quality emission credits from state required Application must include estimate of emission reductions using FAA Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) Projects must have VALE identification affixed For vehicle replacement or retrofit, sponsor must commit to keep vehicle at airport for its useful life. Any replaced Excel worksheets to support application and to support equipment and vehicle tracking, link to EDMS available at the listed URL. Application summaries, with contact information available at http://www.f aa.gov/airpor ts/environme ntal/vale/med ia/VALE_gra nt_summary. pdf Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes Application (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

equipment cannot be redeployed at airport or in another nonattainment area FAA Airport Improve- ment Program (AIP) environ- mental projects Air quality, water quality, NEPA compli- ance, EMS develop- ment Projects to comply with requirements of the Clean Air Act or the Safe Water Drinking Act Projects for drainage storage, treatment of aircraft deicing fluid Environmental mitigation projects required in NEPA documents Public-use airports included in FAAís National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems 49 USC 47101 et seq. FAA Order 5100.38C FAA Order 5100.39A http://www.faa. gov/airports/ aip/ Grants Local match— 75% large and medium hub airports Local match— 95% all other airports Project formulation—at least 2 yr before planned award of grant request for funds Submit funding request to FAA— Feb. preceding of the fiscal year funds are desired; e.g., Feb. 2010 for FY 2011 grants Bid project— 2nd quarter of fiscal funds are desired (e.g., March 2010 for FY 2010 grants) Application submitted to local FAA Airports office Extensive administrative and post-grant requirements outlined in FAA Order 5100.38C and Appendix A of this report Aside from VALE and noise compatibility grants, environment- tal grants are not typically high priority Development of AIP funding plans by FAA is a continuous process. In some cases identification of a project may need to occur up to five yr before planned funding BLM Idaho Native Plant Materials Develop- ment Resource and species conserva- tion Projects to collect and preserve uncommon native plant seeds for restoration, conservation, and Eligibility open to all, but project team must include a botanist 43 USC §1737(b) Seeds of Success (SOS) website, http://www.blm. Cooperative agreement No required local matching share, but local match March— Solicitation issued April— Applications due SOS protocols must be followed for seed collection Standard federal administrative This program may be most suitable as a teaming opportunity Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes considered. Table 1 continued (Table 1 continued on the next page)

research in Idaho gov/mt/st/en/ prog/botany/so s.htm Applications must be filed through grants.gov requirements apply Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Quarterly financial reports; annual performance reports BLM Montana Noxious Weed Control Resource and habitat conserva- tion Projects to control and reduce the spread of noxious weeds on BLM lands in Montana State agencies 7 USC §2804 Cooperative agreement No required local matching share required, but encouraged Other federal funds cannot be used as match and match cannot be counted as match for another program April— Solicitation issued May— Applications due Applications must be filed through grants.gov Standard federal administrative requirements apply Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Quarterly financial reports; annual performance reports Potentially open to state- owned airports or locally owned airports through partnering, if airports on or near BLM lands BLM Idaho Noxious Weed Control Resource and habitat conserva- tion Projects to control and reduce the spread of noxious weeds on BLM lands in Idaho State agencies 7 USC §2804; CFDA No. 15.230 Cooperative agreement No required local matching share April— Solicitation issued May 1— Applications due Standard federal administrative requirements apply. Specific page limits for applications Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Potentially open to state- owned airports or locally owned airports through partnering, if airports on or near BLM lands Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

Quarterly financial reports; annual performance reports Application period is short, less than one month BLM Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota Community Wildfire Assistance Resource and habitat conserva- tion Projects in states listed in 1st column to promote community action to reduce risk of wildfire on BLM and adjacent land, including: Zoning to reduce wildfire Wildfire fuel reduction State, local govern- ments, Indian Tribes, non- profit organiza- tions Pub. L. 106- 291, Title IV Cooperative agreement No local matching share required, but will increase priority of funding January 29— Solicitation issued May 1— Applications due Applications must be filed through grants.gov Standard federal administrative requirements apply Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Quarterly financial reports; annual performance reports BLM Utah Challenge Cost Share Program Habitat, resource conserva- tion Historic and cultural resources Projects in Utah for: Habitat improvement Noxious weed eradication Cultural, historic resources Nonfederal partners with existing cooperative agreement 31 USC §6305 43 USC §1737 16 USC 1535 Pub. L.93-452 Cooperative agreement Local match— 50% April 3— Solicitation issued July 15— Applications due Applications must be filed through grants.gov Standard federal administrative requirements apply Summary of FY 2005 grants for all states available at http://www.bl m.gov/heritag e/adventures/ research/State Pages/PDFs/f y05chlg.pdf Later years not accessible BLM Idaho Challenge Cost Share Habitat, resource Projects in Idaho for: Nonfederal partners 31 USC §6305 43 USC §1737 Cooperative agreement February 23— Solicitation issued Standard federal administrative Summary of FY 2005 grants for all Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes conserva- tion Table 1 continued (Table 1 continued on the next page)

Program Historic and cultural resources Noxious weed eradication Cultural, historic resources 16 USC 1535 Pub. L.93-452 50% March 31— Applications due Applications must be filed through grants.gov requirements apply Participants must obtain DUNS No. and register with CCR Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Quarterly financial reports; annual performance reports states available at http://www.b lm.gov/herita ge/adventure s/research/St atePages/PD Fs/fy05chlg.p df Later years not accessible BLM New Mexico Challenge Cost Share Program Habitat, resource conserva- tion Historic and cultural resources Projects in New Mexico for: Habitat improvement Noxious weed eradication Native plant conservation Cultural historic resources All nonfederal partners Challenge Cost Share Appropriation Act Pub. L. 101-512 Janet Y. Huff 505-761-8941 Cooperative agreement Local match— 50% April 20— Solicitation issued May 20— Applications due Applications must be filed through grants.gov Standard federal administrative requirements apply Agreements expire after 5 yr Standard OMB audit and record requirements Quarterly financial and performance reports Summary of FY 2005 grants for all states available at http://www.b lm.gov/herita ge/adventure s/research/St atePages/PD Fs/fy05chlg. pdf Later years not accessible Bureau of Reclamation (BRL) Water and Energy Efficiency Grants Water quality Energy/ Emissions Projects to: Conserve and use water more efficiently Increase energy efficiency in State and local agencies and Indian tribes with water or power Pub. L 111-11, section 9504, 42 USC 10364 http://www.usb r.gov/WaterSM ART/. Cooperative agreement Local match—50% or more. In kind contribution March 16— Solicitation issued May 4— Applications due Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Quarterly financial Some pre- award costs may be eligible; e.g., design or environmental compliance Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes Location match—Habitat improvement (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

management of water resources delivery authority Limited to Western U.S. Note: may provide city or county airports opportunity to partner with other city agencies Stephanie Bartlett, 303- 445-2025, sbartlett@usbr. gov allowed, if used as local match in another program June—Awards announced July–Septem- ber—grant agreements executed Applications by hard copy (original and one copy) or electronically through grants.gov. reports; annual performance reports Grantee responsible for 100% of O&M costs of project Summary of FY 2010 grants available at http://www.u sbr.gov/news room/docs/W aterSMART_ des_2010.pdf Grants appear to be focused on water districts Airports may have teaming opportunities FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program Flood prevention and mitigation Projects to reduce or eliminate long- term risk of flood damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other structures insured under the National Flood Insurance Program Planning and implementation projects are eligible. States may receive grants to help States, territories, tribal organiza- tions and local gov- ernments Local govern- ments only eligible as sub-grantee of another eligible applicant Section 1366 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, 42 U.S.C. 4101 http://www.fe ma.gov/govern ment/grant/fma /index.shtm http://www.fe ma.gov/library/ viewRecord.do ?id=3649 Grants Local match—25% Local match may be reduced to 10% for severe repetitive loss properties if applicant has an approved Severe Repetitive Loss Strategy June 1— Unified grant guidance issued December 4— Applications due Applications submitted through FEMA electronic grant portal eGrants at https://portal.fe ma.gov BCA required except for acquisition and demolition of damaged property Approved hazard mitigation plan required and project must be consistent with plan All activities must conform to 44 CFR Part 9 Detailed information on eligibility, administra- tive requirements, and application process available at 2nd listed URL Other FEMA funding opportunities appear to be tied to flood Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes Table 1 continued (Table 1 continued on the next page)

defray costs of administering the FMA program Sub-applicants must be participating in National Flood Insurance Program Standard federal administrative requirements apply or other disaster events and are not listed here, but are described in detail at 2nd listed URL U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Funds Endangered species, habitat “Traditional” conservation grants (e.g., habitat restoration, surveys, reintroduction) for candidate, listed and recently recovered species Habitat Conservation Planning Assistance grants to fund development of Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) HCP Land Acquisition Grants, to fund land acquisition in approved HCPs. Recovery Land States with cooperative agreements with Interior Department. Local governments, community, or conservation organizations may participate as sub-grantees Section 6 of Endangered Species Act, §1535, Federal Acquisition Regulations, subpart 31.2; 2 CFR Parts 215, 220, 225; 43 CFR Parts 12,18; OMB Circulars A-107, A-133; Fish and Wildlife Service Manual, 521 FW 4 (http://www. fws.gov.policy/ 521fw4.html); http://www.fw s.gov/endanger ed/grants/ section6/index. html Traditional Conservation Grant Local match— 25% Match reduced to 10%, if two or more states cooperate . Due date per regional guidance Other grants— due August of preceding fiscal year Administrative requirements vary for each type of grant. Examples include: All grants— project cannot be required for statutory compliance HCP grants limited to new plans HCP land acquisition— project must complement, not replace mitigation responsibilities; applicant must document voluntary Note: All projects are subject to a defined point rating system Airports would participate as sub-grantee unless state owned Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

Acquisition Grants for voluntary purchase of land needed for recovery of listed species nature of land transfer Funds must be spent within 3 years of obligation Quarterly financial reports using SF 425. Reporting requirements in OMB Circular A-102; 2 CFR §§215.40, 41 Single Audit Act may apply FWS Region 3 Challenge Cost Share Program Resource, habitat conserva- tion, invasive species Projects for: Invasive species control Habitat restoration Any entity Rob Bruesewitz (612) 713- 5403; Robert_Bruese witz@fws.gov Cooperative agreement Local match— requirement not listed in grants.gov Jan. 4— Solicitation issued Mar. 5— Applications due Applications must be filed through grants.gov Standard OMB audit and reporting requirements Link to FWS regional boundaries available at http://www.f ws.gov/where/ FWS Region 5 Challenge Cost Share Program Resource, habitat conserva- tion, invasive species Projects for: Invasive species control Habitat restoration States, local governments Higher education institutions Non-profits Virginia Rettig (413) 253-8559; Virginia_Rettig @fws.gov Cooperative agreement Local share not listed Mar. 29— Solicitation issued Sep. 30— Applications due Application through grants.gov, regular mail or e-mail Standard federal administrative requirements apply (based on application link in grants.gov) Link to FWS regional boundaries available at http://www.f ws.gov/where/ Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

FWS Region 6 Challenge Cost Share Program Resource, habitat conserva- tion, invasive species Projects in Region 6 for: Invasive species control Habitat restoration Any entity http://www.fws. gov/mountain- prairie/challen gecostshare/ James Graves (303)-236- 4376; James_Graves @fws.gov Cooperative agreement Local match— 50% including in-kind contributions. Other federal funds cannot count as local match Sep. 29—Memo to field issued Oct. 30— Applications due Application by mail or e-mail Link to FWS regional boundaries available at http://www.f ws.gov/where/ FWS Region 6 Noxious Weed Treatment Resource conserva- tion, invasive species Projects in Region 6 for: Treating noxious weeds in National Wildlife Refuge watersheds Preventing spread within and outside refuge lands State and county governments Federal Noxious Weed Act, Pub. L. 93-629, Section 15 Andrea Meyer; andrea_meyer @fws.gov Cooperative Agreement Local match— none Apr. 12— Solicitation issued Sep. 30— Applications due Standard federal administrative requirements apply (based on application link in grants.gov) Link to FWS regional boundaries available at http://www.f ws.gov/where/ FWS Endangered Species Candidate Conservation Action Funds Endangered species Funding for: Endangered Species conservation Ecosystem preservation Habitat restoration Projects limited to actions listed in Candidate Species Assessment State and local governments Landowners Educators Others Endangered Species Act, 16 USC §1531 et seq. http://www.fws. gov/endangered/ wildlife.html (for information on Candidate Species Assessment) https://www.cf da.gov/downlo ads/CFDA_wri ting.pdf (information on writing grant proposals) Grant, cooperative agreement, project agreement, direct payment Local match—not required, but recommended Apr. 15— Solicitation issued July 2— Applications due Paper applications or electronic applications submitted through grants.gov Note: In some states, application process may be subject to EO 12372, Intergovernmental review of Projects must be completed by the end of the fiscal year after award Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Quarterly financial reports; annual performance reports Actions regarding wildlife must be consistent with FAA policies on wildlife hazards Information on writing proposals at 2nd listed URL Additional information available at 3rd listed URL Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes Subpages/Tool kitFiles/toolkit .pdf (copies of documents specifying post-grant requirements. Contact information listed in full text of grant offer Federal Programs FWS Endangered Species Restoration Initiative Endangered species, habitat Projects for habitat restoration in FWS Great Lakes–Big Rivers Region (Region 3) Funding limited to voluntary programs State and local governments Landowners Others Endangered Species Act, 16 USC §1531 et seq. http://www.fws. gov/midwest/ Endangered/ Peter Fasbender 612/713-5343; peter_fasbende r@fws.gov. (MN, WI, IL, IN, OH) David Stilwell 607/753-9335, ext. 123; david_stilwell @fws.gov. (PA, NY) Cooperative agreement or grant Local match—not required, but local contribution will be awarded points in proposal ranking factors. 1 point awarded for each 10% local share up to 40% (4 points) Feb. 19— Solicitation issued Mar. 22— Applications due Paper applications or electronic applications through grants.gov Note: In some states, application process may be subject to EO 12372, Intergovernmental review of Federal Programs Standard OMB audit and record keeping requirements Quarterly financial reports; annual performance reports Requirements of Department of Interior Form DI-2010 Information on past grants available at http://www.f ws.gov/mid west/Endang ered/grants/ index.html Link to FWS regional boundaries available at http://www.f ws.gov/where/ http://wsfrprog rams.fws.gov/ (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

(NRSC), Wetland Reserve Program Restoration Assistance (Mississippi State Office) erosion and flooding Endangered species habitat organizations Note: Recipient must be certified as a “Technical Service Provider” (“TSP”). There may be teaming opportunities for airports Guide: http://efotg.nrcs. usda.gov; NRCS National Irrigation Guide http://www.wcc. nrcs.usda.gov/ nrcsirrig/; and NRCS National Engineering Handbook, and National Engineering Manual References: http://www.nrcs. usda.gov/tec hnical/ENG. TSP certification requirements at http://techreg. usda.gov. Faith Tillman 601-965-4098, ext. 124 faith.tillman@ ms.usda.gov applications only requirements Agreement will be awarded for a base year with four one- year options Quarterly financial reports and monthly progress reports Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service Water quality, wetlands Funding for: Wetland and upland restoration plans Water quality improvements Reduced soil State and local governments Indian tribes Non-profit Multiple statutory references listed. 7 CFR Part 652 NRCS Field Office Technical Cooperative agreement Local match—not required Apr. 19— Solicitation issued May 14— Applications due Paper CCR registration required 7 CFR 3015- 3019, 3052 contain additional administrative Technical guidance at listed URLs (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

7 CFR Part 4280 75 Fed. Reg. 21584 Contact information for each state listed in Fed. Reg. notice Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Program, Clean Cities Alternative fuels Funding to support reduction of dependence on imported petroleum through education, outreach and other support promoting the use of the following alternative vehicle technologies: Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV) & Infrastructure Idle Reduction Technologies Designated Clean Cities coalitions and coalition members Energy Policy Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102- 486, 42 USC §13201 et seq Clean Cities Home Page http://www1.ee re.energy.gov/ cleancities/ Clean Cities Designation Guide http://www1.ee re.energy.gov/ cleancities/pdfs/ 43181.pdf No specific funding mechanism or local matching requirements are listed, however funding for vehicles is generally limited to incremental costs of green technology. Check with contact information sources for specific requirements No specific deadlines for submitting requests. However, generally, the program has two funding cycles each year—once in the spring and once in the fall Designation process can take years A critical requirement is to obtain designation as a Clean Cities Coalition. Achieving designation is a nine-step process. A critical step is to obtain specific commitments to implement Clean Cities technologies and practices Priority is given to helping communities expand existing AFV markets Airport must work through a Certified Coalition Clean Cities Certified Coalitions are listed at the 3rd URL USDA Rural- Business Cooperative Service, Rural Energy for America Program Energy, emissions Projects to develop renewable energy systems and energy efficiency improvements in rural areas Farms and small businesses in rural areas including rural energy cooperatives §9001 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Bill) Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 Grants or guaranteed loans Local match— 75% for grants, 25% for guaranteed loans Issued April 24 Applications due June 30 Electronic applications through grants.gov or paper application filed with individual state offices 7 CFR Part 4280, Subpart B Environmental review documents required under 7 CFR Part 1940, Subpart G Airports may not be directly eligible, but there may be potential teaming opportunity with rural cooperatives Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

progress reports Renew plan and MOU at five-year intervals Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Clean Diesel Campaign Emissions Projects to Implement EPA or California Air Resources Board (CARB) certified and verified diesel emission reduction technologies, including idle reduction technologies. Projects can include: Retrofitting with certified technology U.S., state, local, regional, or tribal agencies responsible for transportation or air quality Non-profits involved in supporting or promoting air quality Diesel Emissions Reduction Act, Pub. L. 109-58, §§791-797, 42 USC §§16131- 16137 http://www.epa. gov/cleandiesel/ prgnational.htm Grants Low interest loans Grants to states Local match 25% for engine repower 75% match (of incremental costs) for vehicle replacement No local match requirement for OCT 6—RFP published DEC 8—RFP close FEB 28—28 Notice of award Hard copy submittals must be made by express delivery service. Electronic submittals by e-mail to EPA requirements for grants are listed at www.epa.gov/ ogd/AppKit/ applicable_epa_ regulations_and_ description.htm. Airports may have to team with a qualifying non-profit or another local, state, or government agency Fuel Blends Hybrid Vehicles Fuel Efficiency Technologies Clean Cities Coalition Listing http://www.afd c.energy.gov/cl eancities/progs /coalition_loca tions.php . . Coalitions applying for designation must develop a five-year strategic plan. After designation, coalitions must: Execute an MOU Implement the plan Provide annual Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes (Table 1 continued on the next page) Table 1 continued

(incremental costs of cleaner technology only) Repowering with cleaner diesel of alternative fuel engines Reducing long duration idling Eligible fleets include: Busses Medium & heavy-duty trucks Cargo handling equipment (including at airports) Agency/ Program Resource Area Eligible Projects Sponsor Eligibility Statutory Authority and Guidance, Contact Information Form of Assistance, Local Participation Rate, Funding Limits, Administrative Requirements Timeline and Application Procedures Administrative and Post-grant Requirements Notes Replacement of vehicles or equipment Voluntary matching in excess of mandatory amounts are permitted to expand, enhance and improve the cost effectiveness of a proposal verified technology retrofits. RFP are permitted (see instructions in RFP) Program is subject to EO 12372, Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs individuals designated in Table 1 continued

27 other grant programs. It is suggested, however, that airport staff confirm with the granting agency the requirements and restrictions applicable to any specific federal program being considered. Grant and Project Administration Administration of grant programs is subject to the Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Cooperative Agreements with State and Local Governments (Common Rule). The Uniform Rule was developed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in cooperation with federal granting agencies. Each cabinet department promulgated its own version of the Common Rule within its own regulatory structure. The version of the rule applicable to AIP grants, for example, is contained in U.S.DOT Regulations at 49 CFR Part 18. The Uniform Rule addresses a number of issues including procurement practices. In general, it is impor- tant that recipients allow for fair and open competition when contracting for federally funded work, as reflected in 49 CFR §18.36. Federal grants are also subject to uniform standards for calculating allowable project costs, through the application of OMB Circular A-87, Cost Principles Applicable to Grants and Contracts with State and Local Governments. Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Audits As a result of initiatives by OMB, federal programs are increas- ingly subject to uniform reporting, record keeping, and audit standards. Effective October 1, 2009, all grant recipients were required to file quarterly financial reports on a new standard Federal Financial Report, SF-425. Effective October 1, 2010, all grantees and subgrantees were required to obtain Data Universal Numbering System numbers and complete regis- tration with the Central Contractor Registration [75 Fed Reg. 55671, 55674 (September 14, 2010)]. Since 1984, all federal grantees have been subject to uniform audit standards and procedures under the Single Audit Act, 31 USC §7501 et seq. OMB implemented the Single Audit Act through issuance of OMB Circular A-133, Audits of States, Local Govern- ments and Non-Profit Organizations. Differences Between AIP and Other Federal Grant Programs Perhaps the most significant difference between the adminis- tration of AIP grants and other competitive grant programs is the process of project selection and award. AIP discretionary funds are awarded on a competitive basis. However, project selection is the result of a continuous planning process involv- FIGURE 1 Grants.gov funding opportunities page.

28 ing airport operators, states, FAA regional offices, and FAA national headquarters. Projects can be identified as potential candidates for grants as much as five years before an applica- tion is submitted. It is rare for a project to be identified as a can- didate less than three years before an application [FAA, AIP Handbook, Order 5100.38C (June 2005) at p. 167, par. 1000; FAA, Airports Capital Improvement Plan Order 5100.39A (August 2000) at p. 1, sec. 5.5; FAA, Southwest Region Air- ports Division, Capital Planning: Developing Your Airport Through Sound Planning Practices (February 2007)]. In contrast, as reflected in Table 1, most other federal agencies solicit grant applications through a RFP or similar process. A notice or request for applications is published with a specific deadline for the filing of applications or proposals. Failure to meet the deadline generally results in a rejection of the request. SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDING PROGRAMS This section provides an overview of various federal funding programs to support environmental initiatives for which air- ports might qualify. It supplements the information contained in Table 1. Programs are discussed by federal agency and pro- gram with the FAA opportunities included. Federal Aviation Administration The primary focus of environmental funding under AIP (in terms of the dollar amounts of grants) is on noise compatibility. In 2008, the last year for which it has published data, FAA awarded $285.6 million in grants for noise compatibility proj- ects (FAA 2010). Except for certain soundproofing projects at schools and medical facilities, projects to implement noise compatibility measures may be funded only after the airport develops and the FAA approves a noise exposure map for the airport and a noise compatibility plan (49 USC §47504). The VALE program is a recently implemented environ- mental program under AIP, first authorized in Vision 100, Pub. L. 108-176 (2003). Under VALE, the FAA makes grants of AIP funds to finance low-emission vehicles, refueling and recharging stations, gate electrification, and other airport air quality improvements. Only commercial service airports in nonattainment or maintenance areas under the Clean Air Act are eligible to apply, and projects must address the particular emission(s) causing the nonattainment or maintenance status. Airports commit to keeping any new or retrofitted vehicles on the airport for their useful lives. For replacement vehicles, airports pledge not to operate the vehicles being replaced at the airport or at another nonattainment area. In FY 2010, accord- ing to the FAA’s VALE website, the FAA issued 12 VALE grants totaling $37.4 million: http://www.faa.gov/airports/ environmental/vale/media/VALE_grant_summary.pdf. In addition to the noise compatibility and VALE programs, the following environmental initiatives are eligible for AIP funding: • Projects to comply with the Clean Air Act or the Fed- eral Water Pollution Control Act. • Construction of drainage collection structures, and treat- ment and discharge systems for aircraft deicing fluid. • Preparation of documentation for environmental assess- ments and environmental impact statements under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). • Mitigation measures required in Findings of No Signif- icant Impact accompanying environmental assessments and Records of Decision accompanying environmental impact statements. • Initial development of Environmental Management Sys- tems. These systems are currently funded as a planning project [FAA Program Guidance Letter 07-06 (Septem- ber 24, 2007)]. Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has multiple pro- grams that address vegetation issues. Grants are available to assist in eliminating noxious plants and other nonnative plant species, and to reduce wildfire risk by eliminating wildfire fuel. These grants appear to be made available on a state-by- state basis, as noted in Table 1, and are primarily focused on western states. Some programs are open only to state agen- cies, whereas others are also available to local governments. The grants are generally available only for areas within or adjacent to lands under BLM control. The BLM also administers a challenge cost share grant program, which is also administered on a state-by-state basis and is primarily focused on western states. Funding is pro- vided for habitat improvement, noxious plant eradication, and support for cultural and historic resources. Information available through grants.gov indicates that for some states, for example Utah, a cooperative agreement must be in place for a community to qualify. Information for other states, for example Idaho, does not reference a requirement for cooper- ative agreements. Bureau of Reclamation For the Bureau of Reclamation (BRL) a review of grants.gov identified one program potentially available for airport envi- ronmental initiatives. Grants are provided to support water conservation, more efficient use of water, and energy effi- ciency in providing water resources. Funding is limited to local governmental units with water or power delivery authority. Depending on the particular governmental structure, airports may qualify as components of such a governmental unit or may be able to partner with the eligible local unit.

29 Federal Emergency Management Administration The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) offers a variety of funding opportunities. However most of these opportunities appear to be linked to the occurrence of a flood emergency or another disaster. A link to information on these programs appears in the FEMA entry in Table 1. One program that appears to have more general application is the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program. The FMA provides funding for planning and implementing measures to reduce or eliminate damage to residences and other structures insured under the National Flood Insurance Program. The FMA program is summarized in the FEMA entry in Table 1. Fish and Wildlife Service The Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) offers a variety of fund- ing opportunities that may be available to support airport envi- ronmental initiatives. FWS sponsors a challenge matching grant program similar to that of BLM. FWS administers its program on a regional rather than a state-by-state basis. The FWS also sponsors the Cooperative Endangered Species Con- servation Funds Program, which provides funding for tradi- tional conservation activities and land acquisition to support wildlife habitat. Other funding programs address control of noxious plants and preservation of endangered species. U.S. Department of Agriculture The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and its agen- cies also offer a variety of financial assistance programs that may be available to support airport environmental initiatives. The Natural Resources Conservation Service provides funds for wetlands restoration and protection, including water quality improvements and projects to control soil erosion. The Rural Business Cooperative Service provides funds for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in rural areas. For these programs, an airport operator may not meet eligibility require- ments on a stand-alone basis. Access to funds may depend on teaming with another local entity to obtain funding. Department of Energy The DOE’s Clean Cities Program provides funding for pro- grams to reduce dependence on imported petroleum includ- ing acquisition of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), AFV refueling/charging stations, and hybrid vehicles. Vehicles being replaced under the Clean Cities Program are not required to be scrapped or rendered inoperable. Funding is limited to certified Clean Cities coalitions and their members. Airports have had success in working through certified coalitions to obtain funds. A listing of certified coalitions can be found at http://www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/progs/coalition_ locations.php. Environmental Protection Agency The EPA administers the National Clean Diesel Campaign, which is authorized by the DERA. Funds are provided for various techniques to reduce diesel emissions. A project that involves the replacement of a diesel engine must pro- vide for the engine being replaced to be scrapped or other- wise disabled. The EPA also provides funds to states for water quality projects under Section 319(h) of the Clean Water Act. States then make grants to individual recipients. These grants are discussed in chapter four. MATRIX OF FEDERAL FUNDING PROGRAMS Table 1 presents information on the federal programs identified in this report. Information is provided on eligible applicants, eligible projects, matching requirements and funding limita- tions, application timelines and procedures, and administrative requirements. As noted previously, the results included in the table represent a snapshot of information available through grants.gov. New grant opportunities are constantly posted. Also, grants.gov does not provide a uniform level of informa- tion across all listed grant opportunities. In some cases, the searches of agencies’ individual websites yielded additional information about a program. In other cases, information could not be readily obtained. The timelines included in the matrix should be considered as illustrative. For programs offered on an annual basis there is likely to be some variation in the exact dates grant oppor- tunities are posted and applications are due. Some programs may have limited application to airports. They are included in the matrix to provide the broadest possible listing of poten- tial funding sources.

Next: Chapter Four - State Funding Opportunities for Environmental Initiatives »
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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 24: Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs summarizes public and private funding opportunities and strategies available to airports to help accomplish their environmental programs and objectives.

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