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36
CHAPTER FIVE
BENEFITS AND BARRIERS
BENEFITS oxide/nitrogen dioxide by 54%, and sulfur dioxide by 61%
compared with the mill and overlay option. CIREAM also
A number of advantages to using in-place recycling pro- reduces the typical curing time from about 1 to 2 weeks
cesses are routinely cited in the literature. Survey questions for CIR to 2 days for CIREAM (Lane and Kazmierowski
were included to assess state and contractor perceptions of 2005b).
benefits. The most frequently cited benefit is a savings of
virgin materials (Table 37). Other benefits include shorter
lane closures, reduced fuel consumption, and reduced emis-
sions. Potential cost savings with recycling are addressed in
the following section.
TABLE 37
STATE AND CONTRACTOR RESPONSES FOR TYPE OF
SURFACE TREATMENT USED
Question: Environmental Benefits: Indicate environmental benefits,
which you have documented on your projects
Surface Treatments Agency Responses
AK, AR, CA, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID,
IL, KY, MD, MN, MO, MT, NC, NE, FIGURE 30 Environmental benefits from in-place recycling
Saves Virgin Materials NV, NY, ONT, OR, UT, VT, WY reported by agencies and contractors. Percentages are based
Reduces Fuel CA, DC, ID, KY, MN, NV, ONT, UT, VT on the total survey respondents.
Consumption
Reduces Emissions CA, DC, ID, MN, NV, ONT, UT, VT The agency and contractor responses were used to rank
and summarize the benefits gained from in-place recycling
Shortens Lane Closures CA, DC, FL, ID, IL, MN, NV, ONT, UT
(Table 39).
Other AZ, NV
TABLE 39
Contractors noted benefits associated with in-place recy-
BENEFITS FROM IN-PLACE RECYCLING
cling more frequently than did state agencies (Figure 30).
The agency written responses suggest that agencies sub- Benefits from In-Place Recycling Frequency of Benefit
jectively assume that benefits are achieved, but they do not Saves new materials Frequently
specifically measure the benefits (Table 38). On the other Shortens lane closure times Often*
hand, contractors provided a number of specific quantifiable Reduces fuel consumption Often*
examples of environmental benefits.
Reduces emissions Often*
Additional information on environmental benefits was Rarely = lower than 10% average of agency and contractor with experience.
Sometimes = between 10% and 25% average of agency and contractor with
found in the literature. Alkins et al. (2008) reported that CIR experience.
and CIR-expanded asphalt mixes (CIREAM) had twice the Often = between 25% and 50% average of agency and contractor with
experience.
production rate compared with the traditional mill and over- Frequently = greater than 50% average of agency and contractor with
lay option, reducing traffic disruptions and worker exposure experience.
*Contractor response was significantly higher than agency with experience.
to traffic. These processes generate less noise and conserve
natural resources by using recycled materials on the road-
way. An evaluation of emissions using PaLATE found a Contractor project records can be used to provide quan-
reduction in greenhouse gases. CIR and CIREAM programs tifiable environmental benefits from in-place recycling.
in Ontario, Canada, reduced carbon dioxide by 52%, nitric Future research is needed to quantify benefits.
