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Source: Courtesy of Robert Cervero from "Green Connectors: Off-Shore
Examples," Planning, American Planning Association, May 2003, p. 25.
Figure 5-8. Pedestrian access priorities for Bogota's
Transmilenio Bus Rapid Transit system.
These green connectors have yielded substantial results, with
around 45 percent of all Transmilenio riders arriving at their
stations by bike or by foot. The city's long-range plans call
for doubling the size of this green connector network over
the next 30 years. These investments have paid off for the city
of Bogota as a whole. In the 10 years since bikeways were in-
troduced, cycling's share of total trips has risen from less
than 1 to roughly 4 percent.15 Table 5-14 suggests the most
appropriate station access measures for each new paradigm
Source: Courtesy of Robert Cervero from "Green Connectors: Off-Shore corridor type.
Examples," Planning, American Planning Association, May 2003, p. 27.
Figure 5-7. Green connectors can provide
enhanced non-motorized station access for Summary and Conclusions
new paradigm facilities.
Transit-oriented corridors:
· High-capacity/fixed-capital-asset transit modes such as
concept would work well in retrofitting suburban neigh-
borhoods in the United States, where the hierarchical street heavy rail, light rail and BRT
networks that isolate residential neighborhoods force drivers · Transit-dependent-rich market
to take large arterial streets by more circuitous routes. By · Concentrated station-area land uses:
replacing the barriers between adjacent neighborhoods with · Distributed nodes maximize activities served along entire
green connectors, more direct, dedicated pedestrian and route
bicycle paths can be made to encourage suburban residents · Clustered mixed-use destination(s) at many locations along
to walk or cycle to their nearest stations. corridor
In Bogota, Colombia, the Transmilenio BRT line offers a · Balanced jobs and housing in corridor (jobs clustered in
fully realized vision of the potential for green connectors to station areas but dispersed along corridor)
facilitate nonmotorized access to new paradigm stations. · Limited parking supply and high cost of available parking
The line's exclusive bus lanes are primarily in the medians of within destination CBD
arterial boulevard medians--an automobile-oriented envi- · Radial metropolitan alignment with transit line serving
ronment with nonmotorized access challenges very similar to more than one activity center along route
new paradigm facilities (see Figure 5-8). To provide pedestrian · Transit-oriented land uses and urban design around stations
access to these in-median stations, almost half of the line's · Stations located either adjacent or offset from freeway
57 stations have pedestrian overpasses. Leading into these · Short station spacings
stations is a network of 130 miles of sidewalks and bikeways. · Long interchange spacings
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Table 5-14. Station design and access new paradigm characteristics.
Transit-Oriented Corridor Park-and-Ride-Access Corridor Transit-Optimized/Freeway
Qualities Qualities Constrained Corridor Qualities
· Intermodal stations only at · Most corridor stations are · Downstream (non-CBD) side
terminal corridor locations intermodal of freeway bottleneck: same
and major freeway-to- qualities as Transit-Oriented
freeway interchanges · Ramp touchdowns near Corridor
stations
· Ramp touchdowns far · Upstream (non-CBD) side of
from stations · Large park-&-ride lots near freeway bottleneck: same
station entrances qualities as Park-and-Ride-
· Emphasis on community- Access Corridor
oriented station access · Kiss-&-ride zones near station
modes entrances
· "Green connectors" · Bus bays near station
provided where possible entrances
to encourage
nonmotorized station
access
· Ramp touchdowns located far from stations · Good access to stations on foot, by car, and/or by public
· Station access: transport; a minimum number of freeway interchange
Intermodal stations only at terminal corridor locations ramps within walking distance of transit stations
and major freeway-to-freeway interchanges · A multimodal corridor that extends at least 10 miles and
Community-oriented station access modes has at least eight residential "catchment" stations
"Green connector" paths leading to stations · Transit-supportive development in the environs of key
stations
Park-and-ride access corridors: · An interagency multimodal corridor overlay zone that
can specify uses and densities and form guidelines and
· At least one large activity center or anchor, usually a CBD requirements
with high levels of employment
· Direct access to the city center and other major "anchors" Transit-optimized/freeway-constrained corridors:
(This likely involves leaving the freeway to penetrate these
areas) · Freeway bottleneck (lane drop or other capacity constraint)
· Limited and costly parking in the CBD roughly mid-point in the corridor that gives transit a travel
· Effective transit distribution in the CBD, preferably off- time advantage in CBD side of corridor.
street · Transit-oriented corridor qualities downstream of freeway
· Constrained freeway capacity such as lane drops, route bottleneck
convergence, and travel barriers · Park-and-ride access corridor qualities upstream of freeway
· Wide station spacing that permits high transit speeds bottleneck
