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Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals (2011)

Chapter: Appendix A - Airport Snapshots

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Page 40
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Airport Snapshots." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14589.
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Page 40
Page 41
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Airport Snapshots." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14589.
×
Page 41
Page 42
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Airport Snapshots." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14589.
×
Page 42
Page 43
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Airport Snapshots." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14589.
×
Page 43
Page 44
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Airport Snapshots." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14589.
×
Page 44
Page 45
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Airport Snapshots." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14589.
×
Page 45
Page 46
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Airport Snapshots." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14589.
×
Page 46

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40 DFW—Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas Quick Facts and Stats First opened in 1974, DFW is classified as a large airport by the FAA, which is easy to see by both its footprint and flight operations. DFW covers more than 29.8 square miles, has seven runways, and is the only airport in the world with three control towers. DFW offers nearly 1,900 flights per day. Located halfway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, DFW provides nonstop service to 135 domestic and 38 inter- national destinations worldwide from 20 different airlines positioned at 155 gates. The airport serves American Airlines as their largest hub. In 2007, DFW served 59,786,476 passen- gers through 685,491 total operations and moved 797,511 U.S. tons of cargo. Airport Services With its size, DFW is able to offer many services for its pas- sengers. These services include an on-site hotel, children’s play areas, Wi-Fi (T-Mobile, fee based, throughout airport), barber shop/salon, chapel, travelers aid and local information stations, security checkpoint mailing stations, credit union, business centers, ATMs, and a variety of restaurants and shops. To support the traveling military, DFW provides a large USO center in one terminal and a smaller center in an- other terminal. There are fine art exhibits throughout the air- port as well. Governance DFW has a board of directors composed of 12 members, 11 of whom are appointed by the city councils of the airport’s owner cities. That is, seven represent the City of Dallas and four represent the City of Fort Worth, in accordance with each city’s ownership interest in the airport. The DFW Airport Board is a semi-autonomous body charged with governing DFW. The board may enter into contracts without the approval of its owner cities’ city councils, but their approval is required for its annual budget, bond sales, and similar measures. DFW is designed with expansion in mind, and can theoret- ically accommodate up to 13 terminals totaling 260 gates. The terminals at DFW are semicircular (except for the newest terminal, Terminal D, which is a “square U” shape) and built around the airport’s central north–south arterial road, Spur 97, also known as “International Parkway.” Until the late 1990s, they were designated by a number (2 being northernmost, 4 being southernmost) and a letter suffix (“E” for East, “W” for West). This system was later scrapped, and the terminals are now lettered from A to E. Terminals A, C, and E (from north to south) are on the east side of the airport, while Terminals B and D (from north to south) are on the west side. DFW’s terminals are designed to minimize the distance between a passenger’s car and airplane as well as reduce traffic around terminals. A consequence of this layout is that con- necting passengers had to walk extremely long distances be- tween gates (in order to walk from one end of the semicircu- lar concourse to the other, one must walk the entire length; there are no shortcuts between the ends). The original people- mover train (Airtrans APM) that opened with the airport was notoriously slow [17 mph (27 km/h)], uni-directional (run- ning only in a counterclockwise direction), and was located outside the secured area (thus requiring travelers to go through the security process again). It was replaced by SkyLink in April 2005 after serving approximately 250 mil- lion passengers. Skylink serves all five terminals at a consid- erably higher speed, is bi-directional, and is located inside the secured area. A P P E N D I X A Airport Snapshots Individual Airport Information Data Collection Photos with Square Footage

41 The four oldest airport terminals, Terminals A, B, C, and E, are being renovated starting in May 2011. The estimated cost is $3 billion, and work is expected to be complete by 2017. DFW and local Metroplex officials are also actively seeking additional passenger service. AUS—Austin-Bergstrom International Airport Austin, Texas Quick Facts and Stats Austin’s global aspirations for expanding air services were taking place just as the U.S. Air Force was making plans to close Bergstrom Air Force Base, an Austin fixture since World War II. While some saw a large, empty airfield, others saw an opportunity. This vision led to the first U.S. conversion of an Air Force base to commercial service airport since the end of the Cold War. The reconstructed airbase was opened on May 23, 1999, as Austin-Bergstrom International Airport. Located in Central Texas, Austin is Texas’s fourth-largest city and its capital. AUS is a medium hub airport with two parallel runways. Its 600,000-sq-ft passenger terminal with 25 gates supports 12 airlines. The terminal was constructed at a cost of $115 million, and the design celebrates two central themes key to Austin: the community’s love of nature and an expression of the city’s status as an educational and techno- logical center. As Austin grows and the need arises, the ter- minal’s design allows for easy expansion—up to 55 gates if necessary. Additionally, AUS has four cargo terminals and emergency response services to meet Fire Category D air- port standards. Airport Services Austin is known as the “Live Music Capital of the World,” so it is fitting that the crown jewel of the Austin-Bergstrom International Airport is its “Music in the Air” program. Live musical performances are held daily in the center of the termi- nal building on the concourse level. Located on the secure side of the concourse, the stage is accessible to ticketed passengers only, but the music can be heard in the non-secured areas di- rectly behind the stage. Additionally, AUS has an arts program that celebrates the region, Wi-Fi (Wayport, fee based, through- out airport), massage stations, dog walk area, travelers aid and local information stations, credit union, business center, ATMs, and a variety of restaurants and shops. Governance Managed by the City of Austin Aviation Department, over- sight for Austin’s city-owned airport operations and mainte- DFW – Bag claim 4: 1,560 sq ft DFW– Holdroom/gate 15: 1,600 sq ft DFW – Kiosk (American Airlines) AUS – Ticketing/ Southwest Airlines: 525 sq ft AUS – Corridor: 2,700 sq ft AUS – Holdroom/Gate 16/18: 4,812 sq ft

42 nance began in 1958. The department has operated as a self- supporting entity since 1972. It does not receive any general fund subsidy and has paid for all general obligation debt issued from airport-generated funds. Their business plan is guided by the Aviation Department mission to provide quality air- port facilities and services by focusing on customers’ needs and employees’ work environment, continually improving operations and preparing for the future. OAK—Oakland International Airport Oakland, California Quick Facts and Stats In 1927, Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh presided over the dedication of the Oakland Municipal Airport. In May 1937, Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan, her navigator, took off from Oakland for what was meant to be an around-the-world trip. Since that time many changes have taken place at the airport, including a name change and a $1.4 billion expansion project. Located near the San Francisco Bay Area, OAK is a medium hub airport with four runways. The airport has two terminals with 29 gates supporting 258 daily departures with 188 daily nonstop flights to 33 destinations. New Terminal 2 facilities will include a 27,000-sq-ft baggage-claim area and a 54,000-sq-ft, seven-gate concourse. Airport Services OAK boasts the Metropolitan Golf Links with 18 bentgrass greens. In addition to the golf course, OAK has an aerospace museum and a public arts program. Passengers can find food and beverage pre- and post-security, free Wi-Fi (throughout Terminals 1 and 2), local information stations, a business cen- ter, ATMs, valet parking, and a variety of restaurants and shops. Governance The Port of Oakland oversees the Oakland seaport, Oak- land International Airport, and 20 miles of waterfront. The Oakland seaport is the third busiest container port on the U.S. West Coast. The Port’s real estate includes commercial developments such as Jack London Square as well as hun- dreds of acres of public parks and conservation areas. The Port of Oakland was established in 1927 and is an indepen- dent department of the City of Oakland. ATL—Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport Atlanta, Georgia Quick Facts and Stats A long way from its 1925 beginnings as an abandoned auto racetrack, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport has a total airport area of 4,700 acres. Now the largest passen- ger terminal complex in the world, covering 2.5 million square feet, the airport was designed to accommodate up to 55 mil- lion passengers a year—in 1980. By 1998, ATL accommodated 73.5 million travelers. Currently, ATL concourses include 146 domestic and 34 international gates, and ATL is known as “the world’s busiest airport,” serving more than 89 million passengers annually with 34 passenger and 16 cargo airlines. ATL serves as a hub for both Delta Air Lines and AirTran. ATL has five runways and emergency response services to meet aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) Index E airport standards. A frequent recipient of awards for excellence for operations, architectural engineering, and construction, ATL is undergo- ing more than $6 billion in capital improvements. Upgrades and new infrastructure will include an energy-efficient car OAK – Ticketing/Southwest Airlines: 3,500 sq ft OAK – SSCP: 5,900 sq ft OAK – Corridor: 3,690 sq ft

rental facility, a 12-gate international terminal, and aesthetic and functional enhancements to its concourses, people movers, and parking services. Airport Services ATL has several innovative offerings for its passengers, such a TRAK-A-LINE and TRAK-A-FLIGHT. Registered passengers can receive updated flight and security wait time information via e-mail, PDA, or mobile devices. There are over 225 concession outlets throughout ATL, including 89 food/beverage outlets, 85 retail/convenience outlets, and 55 fully staffed service outlets covering nearly 209,000 sq ft. Other services at ATL include The AeroClinic (a full-service airport-based medical clinic), children’s play areas, Wi-Fi (fee based, throughout airport), interfaith chapel, travelers’ aid and local information stations, U.S. Post Office drop box and store, full-service banking, business centers, and ATMs. To support the traveling military, ATL provides a USO center in its center atrium. There are both permanent and rotating fine art exhibits throughout the airport as well. Future construction projects are expected to add nearly 75 new outlets, including spas, wine bars, and high-end retailers. Governance Named for two former Atlanta mayors and strong airport advocates, William B. Hartsfield and Maynard H. Jackson, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is owned and managed by the City of Atlanta/Department of Aviation. LAS—McCarran International Airport Las Vegas, Nevada Quick Facts and Stats Las Vegas’ convention and entertainment industries, to- gether with unparalleled outdoor recreation, have stimulated phenomenal growth in Southern Nevada. Today, nearly half of all Las Vegas visitors arrive by air via McCarran Interna- tional Airport, making it one of the busiest 15 airports in the world. LAS is a valuable community asset that links South- ern Nevada to the national air transportation system and brings the world to Las Vegas. Income derived from aviation activity generates significant economic benefits estimated at $25 billion a year. Named after the former Nevada Senator Pat McCarran, the airport is located 5 miles south of the central business district. ATL – Holdroom/Gate30: 1,920 sq ft ATL – Ticketing/Delta: 385 sq ft ATL – Holdroom/Gate33: 1,240 sq ft LAS – Ticketing/Delta: 576 sq ft LAS – Ticketing/U.S.: 576 sq ft LAS – Bag Claim BC10: 1,344 sq ft 43

44 Currently, LAS has two terminals with 95 domestic and four international gates. This large hub airport served more than 23 million passengers in 2007 with its four runways. Airport Services Atypical of North American airports, LAS allows its pas- sengers to gamble both upon arrival and departure, with over 1,300 video gaming slot machines available pre- and post-security. For fast and easy check-in, the Clark County Department of Aviation provides “Speed ✓” and “Speed ✓ Advance.” “Speed ✓” is a common-use self-service (CUSS) kiosk that allows pas- sengers on any participating airline to check in and print their own boarding passes without going to the ticketing counter. “Speed ✓Advance” allows passengers to check baggage, several hours prior to departure, at any one of four Las Vegas locations, including the consolidated rental car facility. Additionally, LAS was the first airport to provide Wi-Fi as a free service for the en- tire facility. Other services at LAS include kids’ play areas, travelers aid and local information stations, mail drop boxes, full- service banking, and ATMs. LAS has both a permanent art gallery and an aviation museum in the airport as well. There are over 80 concession outlets throughout LAS, in- cluding nearly 30 restaurants, lounges, and snack bars and 50 retail shops. Governance McCarran and the four general aviation facilities in the Clark County Airport System are owned by Clark County, Nevada, and operated under the policy direction of the Board of County Commissioners, the authority of the County Man- ager, and the management of the Director and Deputy Direc- tor of Aviation. LAS – Bag Claim BC11: 1,072 sq ft LAS – Bag Claim BC14: 1,072 sq ft LAS – Bag Claim BC2: 1,072 sq ft LAS – Bag Claim BC6: 1,072 sq ft LAS – Bag Claim BC7: 1,072 sq ft

SDF—Louisville International Airport Louisville, Kentucky Quick Facts and Stats Named for Dr. Elisha David Standiford—a businessman and legislator who played an important role in Louisville transportation history and owned part of the land on which the airport was built—Standiford Field opened for passenger business on November 15, 1947. Within 60 years of opening, the airport has accommodated more than 3.8 million passen- gers. This was made possible due to a $26 million terminal renovation project completed in 2005. Located 10 min from downtown Louisville, Kentucky, SDF is a low-fare, medium-hub airport with three runways. The airport has two terminals (one passenger and one cargo) with 23 gates drawing travelers within a 200-mile radius of the city. The airport currently has nonstop service to 26 destinations and convenient connections to cities worldwide. Addition- ally, SDF has emergency response services to meet ARFF Index C airport standards. In addition to commercial passenger and general aviation activities, SDF is home to the Kentucky Air National Guard and UPS. The airport ranks third in North America—and ninth in the world—in the total amount of cargo handled as home of UPS’s international air-sorting hub. On September 27, 2002, Worldport, a $1.1 billion package-sorting center, was opened by UPS at SDF. Four years later, UPS announced a $1 billion expansion that would increase sorting capacity over the following 5 years and create more than 5,000 addi- tional jobs. Airport Services To support military functions at Fort Knox, Kentucky, the airport has a military reception area to assist military person- nel and their dependents. The airport’s public arts program, founded by the Standiford Art Foundation (among the first foundations of its kind), solicits contributions for the place- ment of art and original commissions throughout the airport. Passengers can find food and beverages pre-and post-security, Wi-Fi (fee based through Boingo, throughout airport), local information stations, a business center, full-service banking, ATMs, valet parking, and a variety of restaurants and shops. Governance The Louisville Regional Airport Authority (LRAA) is an in- dependent public agency that owns and is responsible for the daily operations and the long-term planning of SDF. The fore- runner of LRAA was established in 1928 by the Commonwealth of Kentucky’s General Assembly and has evolved into the cur- rent structure. Much like a private corporation, the authority is self- funded and derives operating revenue from a variety of user fees. The authority does not receive local or state funding for routine operations. IAD—Washington Dulles International Airport Sterling, Virginia (Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area) Quick Facts and Stats Serving the greater Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, IAD is located on 12,000 acres of land 26 miles from down- town Washington, D.C. The airport is named after John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State under Dwight D. Eisenhower. The main terminal, designed by architect Eero Saarinen, opened in 1962. Flights operate from midfield concourses A, B, C and D and Z-gates connected to the main terminal. The airport is currently in the midst of a major construction pro- gram, which includes the expansion of Concourse B, a new runway, and an automated people mover system called AeroTrain. Dulles is a large hub airport, providing nonstop service to 88 domestic and 42 international destinations worldwide from 143 gates. It serves as a United Airlines hub operation. In 2007, IAD served 24.7 million passengers. Airport Services Scheduled bus service is provided from IAD to the Smith- sonian’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. Between this museum and the one on the National Mall, the largest collection of avi- ation and space artifacts in the world is showcased. Mobile lounges and plane mates offer a unique service transporting passengers between the terminal and concourses to planes parked a half mile away. The mobile lounge, de- signed by the Chrysler Corporation, can carry 102 passengers directly from the terminal to the aircraft on the ramp. The plane mates are similar to mobile lounges, designed so pas- sengers can go directly to their aircraft without walking on the airfield. Dulles has 19 mobile lounges and 30 plane mates to support its operation. Occupying more than 50,000 sq ft, the array of shopping and dining opportunities offered at Dulles includes nearly 100 pri- vately owned and operated food and retail shops located throughout the airport’s concourse buildings. A USO center in the baggage area supports the traveling military. 45

46 Governance The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority is an in- dependent body governed by a 13-member Board of Directors with five members appointed by the Governor of Virginia, three by the Mayor of the District of Columbia, two by the Governor of Maryland, and three by the President of the United States. It has been approved by the U.S. Congress to operate and maintain Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and Washington Dulles International Airport. The authority is a public body, cor- porate and politic, and is independent of all other bodies. The Airports Authority is not taxpayer-funded but is self- supporting, using aircraft landing fees, rents, and revenues from concessions to fund operating expenses. IAD – Bag Claim/JetBlue: 1,980 sq ft IAD – SSCP: 14,400 sq ft IAD – Ticketing/JetBlue: 765 sq ft IAD – Corridor D: 4,560 sq ft

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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 55: Passenger Level of Service and Spatial Planning for Airport Terminals examines passenger perception of level of service related to space allocation in specific areas within airport terminals.

The report evaluates level-of-service standards applied in the terminal planning and design process while testing the continued validity of historic space allocation parameters that have been in use for more than 30 years.

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