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ACRP
AIRPORT
COOPERATIVE
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
REPORT 58
Sponsored by
the Federal
Aviation
Administration
Airport Industry Familiarization
and Training for Part-Time
Airport Policy Makers
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ACRP OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE* TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2011 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
CHAIR OFFICERS
James Wilding CHAIR: Neil J. Pedersen, Consultant, Silver Spring, MD
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (re- VICE CHAIR: Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
tired)
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
VICE CHAIR
MEMBERS
Jeff Hamiel
MinneapolisSt. Paul J. Barry Barker, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
Metropolitan Airports Commission Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation,
Norfolk, VA
MEMBERS William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
James Crites Eugene A. Conti, Jr., Secretary of Transportation, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh
DallasFort Worth International Airport James M. Crites, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, TX
Richard de Neufville Paula J. Hammond, Secretary, Washington State DOT, Olympia
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Michael W. Hancock, Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort
Kevin C. Dolliole
Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
Unison Consulting
John K. Duval Michael P. Lewis, Director, Rhode Island DOT, Providence
Austin Commercial, LP Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
Kitty Freidheim Joan McDonald, Commissioner, New York State DOT, Albany
Freidheim Consulting Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington
Steve Grossman Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Regional General Manager, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA
Jacksonville Aviation Authority
Tom Jensen Steven T. Scalzo, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA
National Safe Skies Alliance Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO
Catherine M. Lang Beverly A. Scott, General Manager and CEO, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA
Federal Aviation Administration David Seltzer, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA
Gina Marie Lindsey Lawrence A. Selzer, President and CEO, The Conservation Fund, Arlington, VA
Los Angeles World Airports
Carolyn Motz Kumares C. Sinha, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West
Airport Design Consultants, Inc. Lafayette, IN
Richard Tucker Thomas K. Sorel, Commissioner, Minnesota DOT, St. Paul
Huntsville International Airport Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of
Transportation Studies; and Interim Director, Energy Efficiency Center, University of California, Davis
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing
Paula P. Hochstetler Douglas W. Stotlar, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
Airport Consultants Council C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
Sabrina Johnson
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Richard Marchi
Airports Council International--North America J. Randolph Babbitt, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
Laura McKee Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
Air Transport Association of America Anne S. Ferro, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Henry Ogrodzinski
National Association of State Aviation Officials LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the
Melissa Sabatine Interior, Washington, DC
American Association of Airport Executives John T. Gray, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads,
Robert E. Skinner, Jr. Washington, DC
Transportation Research Board John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials, Washington, DC
SECRETARY David T. Matsuda, Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
Christopher W. Jenks Michael P. Melaniphy, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Transportation Research Board Victor M. Mendez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
Tara O'Toole, Under Secretary for Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
Washington, DC
Robert J. Papp (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, Washington, DC
Cynthia L. Quarterman, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration,
U.S.DOT
Peter M. Rogoff, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
David L. Strickland, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Joseph C. Szabo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
Polly Trottenberg, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT
Robert L. Van Antwerp (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
Barry R. Wallerstein, Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District,
Diamond Bar, CA
Gregory D. Winfree, Acting Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration,
U.S.DOT
*Membership as of July 2011. *Membership as of November 2011.
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
ACRP REPORT 58
Airport Industry Familiarization
and Training for Part-Time
Airport Policy Makers
DELTA AIRPORT CONSULTANTS, INC.
Richmond, VA
Subscriber Categories
Aviation
Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2011
www.TRB.org
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP REPORT 58
Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans- Project 11-02/Task 15
portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter- ISSN 1935-9802
national commerce. They are where the nation's aviation system ISBN 978-0-309-21370-7
connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon- Library of Congress Control Number 2011941840
sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects
with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems,
to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to
introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera- COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions
written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
to meet demands placed on it. published or copyrighted material used herein.
The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport
Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement
out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the
agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate
research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera- acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of
tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro- the material, request permission from CRP.
gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a
variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte-
nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, NOTICE
and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera-
tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research
Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the
The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision Governing Board of the National Research Council.
100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary partici-
pants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this
report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S.
The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to
Department of Transportation with representation from airport oper- procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved
ating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations by the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA),
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the
the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation
Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Transport Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors.
Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB
The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse
(3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because
contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. they are considered essential to the object of the report.
The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport
professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials,
equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga-
nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon-
sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort.
Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically
but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the
responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden-
tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and
expected products.
Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel,
appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and
research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro-
fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre-
pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and
provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the
project. The process for developing research problem statements and Published reports of the
selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper- AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP
are available from:
project panels serve voluntarily without compensation.
Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the Transportation Research Board
Business Office
intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service 500 Fifth Street, NW
providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research Washington, DC 20001
reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other
interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- and can be ordered through the Internet at
shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. Printed in the United States of America
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific
and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the
authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal
government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel
organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the
National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also
sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior
achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members
of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the
responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government
and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of
science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and
the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine.
Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta-
tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange,
conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board's varied activities annually engage about
7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia,
all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal
agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu-
als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org
www.national-academies.org
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 58
Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager
Joseph J. Brown-Snell, Program Associate
Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications
Margaret B. Hagood, Editor
ACRP PROJECT 11-02/TASK 15 PANEL
Field of Special Projects
Joshua Abramson, Tupelo Regional Airport, Tupelo, MS
John L. Collins, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, Frederick, MD
Charles Foster, Oakland Port Authority (retired), Hercules, CA
Robert H. Gould, Wilson, Price, Barranco, Blankenship & Billingsley, PC, Montgomery, AL
Gabe Monzo, Arnold Palmer Regional Airport, Latrobe, PA
Randy Murphy, Glenn County (CA) Planning & Public Works, Willows, CA
Paul Sekula, Clearfield-Jefferson Counties Regional Airport Authority - c/o Sekula Signs, Inc., DuBois, PA
Tom Slater, State Public Policy Group, Inc., Des Moines, IA
Lori Pagnanelli, FAA Liaison
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Illustrations by Gerald L. Lyons, Lyonshare Studios, LLC, Mason Neck, Virginia.
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FOREWORD
By Michael R. Salamone
Staff Officer
Transportation Research Board
Few airports have adequate budgets with which to develop a method to familiarize part-
time policy-making leadership and key policy stakeholders on the myriad issues that affect
airport policy decisions. Many airports are unable to send part-time commissioners, board
members, new policy leaders, or other policy-related stakeholders to conferences or sem-
inars to learn and discuss the regulatory or national-political framework within which
airports must operate. The FAA, responsible for providing regulatory oversight for all
airports, cannot interpret all nuances of their regulations to fit individual airport gover-
nance, purpose, or motivation models. It is understood that part-time airport policy
leadership may not need to know all of this information to the same degree of those who
are working full-time within the airport, terminal, or airfield environment. ACRP Report 58
provides an overview of policy issues affecting airport administrative and operational
decisions and provides airport policy leaders, stakeholders, and policy-related decision
makers a common framework to understand administrative and operational necessity,
thereby helping them make better informed policy decisions.
ACRP Report 58 addresses 20 topics germane to airport management organized into four
broad subject areas: (1) general--things policy makers should know about their role, their
duties, and basic information about airports; (2) the airport--topics related to the airport,
including what is on the airport, who uses it, how it is operated, how it is planned for future
growth, and how its neighbors are protected; (3) financial--airport budgets, capital
improvement financing, and other financial aspects of the airport business; and (4) rules--
the many rules and regulations that govern airport activities.
A typical familiarization and training program for a new policy maker generally includes
an orientation briefing about the airport organization, a report of airport issues, and a tour
of airport facilities and activities. ACRP provides a primer report of issues affecting the
airport industry as well as a customizable orientation program in the form of a Microsoft
PowerPoint presentation.
The PowerPoint presentation can be downloaded from http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/
166244.aspx.
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CONTENTS
1 Chapter 1 Introduction
3 Chapter 2 Issue Papers
4 1. The Roles of Airport Policy Maker and Airport Manager
6 2. Principles of Governance
8 3. Partners and Relationships
10 4. Your Airport in Context
12 5. Understanding and Conveying the Value of Your Airport
14 6. A Pilot's Perspective of the Airport
16 7. Basic Elements of Your Airport
18 8. Your Airport in Action
20 9. What It Takes to Operate Your Airport
22 10. Planning and Developing Your Airport
26 11. Protecting and Preserving the Airport and Its Environs
28 12. National Issues with Local Significance
30 13. Sources and Uses of Operating Funds
32 14. Funding Capital Improvements
36 15. Your Airport as a Business
38 16. Purchasing Goods and Services for Your Airport
40 17. Use of Airport Revenue
42 18. What's Expected of Airport Tenants and Users
44 19. Complying with Federal Grant Assurances
46 20. Alternate Uses and Restrictions of Your Airport
50 Appendix A The Aviation Library
52 Appendix B ACRONYMS--The Language of Airports
54 Appendix C Suggested Outline of an Airport
Orientation Briefing
Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale
for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.
