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Appendix B
Performance Measures Compendium
Note: Italicized entries are featured as examples in Appendix D.
Goal 1: Safety--Provide a Safe Transportation System for Users and the General Public
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 1: Planning
1.1 Reduce the number Change in the number Change in the number of Change in the number
and severity of and severity of crashes crashes by crash type and severity of truck
crashes and contributing factor crashes
1.2 Ensure that safety Change in the number Change in the number of
considerations are and severity of crashes grade crossing
addressed for all by user type (e.g., collisions/incidents
modes pedestrian, bicycle,
transit user, freight)
1.3 Ensure that safety is Change in percentage of Change in the
considered early in projects where safety of percentage of projects
project planning a project was reviewed implementing predictive
Performance Measures Compendium
in each of the project methods of the AASHTO
development stages by a Highway Safety Manual
multidisciplinary review
team
B-1
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B-2
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 1: Safety--Provide a Safe Transportation System for Users and the General Public
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 1: Planning
1.4 Ensure that projects Change in the Number of projects
take into consideration percentage of projects incorporating the use of
the 4Es (engineering, where non- innovative TSM and ITS
education, infrastructure-based solutions that address
enforcement, EMS) of safety countermeasures human factors
safety were selected as part of considerations
the project
1.5 Plan road networks Existence of a functional Existence of a system
that are predictable class system of that adjust speeds based
and recognizable highways on the presence of
alternative modes and
context
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Goal 1: Safety--Provide a Safe Transportation System for Users and the General Public
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 2: Programming
1.6 Develop programs that Change in return on Change in the number
maximize return on investment (reduction in and proportion of
safety investment the number and severity projects evaluated on
of crashes for the substantive safety
expenditure) versus nominal safety
1.7 Develop a Number and proportion Number and cost of
performance-based of projects evaluated for projects that address
safety improvement effect on crashes safety concerns at the
program system, corridor, and
local levels
1.8 Prioritize projects with Change in number of
explicit safety programmed projects
considerations with highest reduction in
crashes out of all
alternatives
Performance Measures Compendium
B-3
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B-4
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 1: Safety--P rovi de a S afe Transportati on System for Users and the General P ublic
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 3: Project Development
1.9 Develop projects that Return on investment fo r Project is evaluated on
meet maximum safety individual project substantive safety
requirements (reduction in the number versus nominal safety
and severity of crashes
for the expenditure)
1.10 Apply a performance- Project is evaluated for Project addresses safety
based safety effect on crashes concerns at the system,
improvement program corridor, and local levels
(as relevant)
1.11 Develop projects with Selected project has
explicit safety highest reduction in
considerations crashes out of all
alternatives
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Goal 1: Safety--Provide a Safe Transportation System for Users and the General Public
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 4: Construction
1.12 Reduce crash risk in Change in number of Change in number of Change in number and
work zones crashes per time unit crashes as a portion of severity of work zone
within a particular work total time of work zones truck crashes
zone by functional class,
county, and
district/region--where
possible, distinguish
between active and
passive work zone time
periods
1.13 Reduce the risk to Change in number of Number of construction Number of construction Change in the number of
construction and crashes involving one or and maintenance and maintenance grade crossing
maintenance personnel more construction and personnel killed at work personnel injured at collisions/incidents due
working in work zones maintenance personnel zones by functional work zones by to new construction
along roadways and/or vehicles per time class, county, and functional class, county, (removal of grade
unit that the work zone district/region and district/region crossing)
exists
1.14 Provide improved work Change in the number of Change in the number Change in the number Change in the
zone traffic control traffic control supervisors of annual traveler safety of workers injured percentage of
activities that are trained and on- complaints during the course of construction or
site traffic control activities maintenance projects
that use traveler
information systems to
provide public
information on
alternative routes and
modes during
Performance Measures Compendium
construction or
maintenance
1.15 Maintain safe facilities Change in time duration Change in the time Change in the
to correct potential taken to carry out percentage of
roadway safety concerns repairs to roadside construction and
that require construction safety hardware (by maintenance projects
and/or maintenance category, e.g., providing accessible
action guardrail, guardrail end- routes during
treatment, cable barrier, construction and
cable barrier end maintenance (where
treatment) applicable)
B-5
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B-6
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 1: Safety--P rovi de a S afe Transportati on System for Users and the General P ublic
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 5: Maintenanc e
1.16 Reduce crash risk in Change in number of Change in number of Change in number and
work zones crashes per time unit crashes as a portion of severity of wo rk zone
within a particular work total time of work zones truck crashes
zone by functional class,
county, and
district/region--where
possible, distinguish
between active and
passive work zone time
periods
1.17 Reduce the risk to Change in number of Number of construction Number of construction Change in the number of
construction and crashes involving one or and maintenance and maintenance grade crossing
maintenance personnel more construction and personnel killed at work personnel injured at collisions/incidents due
working in work zones maintenance personnel zones by functional work zones by to new construction
along roadways and/or vehicles per time class, county, and functional class, county, (removal o f grade
unit that the work zone district/region and district/region crossing)
exists
1.18 Provide improved wo rk Change in the number of Change in the number Change in the number Change in the
zone traffic con trol traffic contro l supervisors of traveler safety of workers injured percentage of
activities that are tra ined and on- complaints annually during the course of construction or
site traffic contro l activities maintenance projects
that use traveler
information systems to
provide public
information on
alternative routes and
modes during
construction
1.19 Maintain sa fe fac ilities Change in time duration Change in the time Change in the Change in the
to correct potential taken to carry out percentage of percentage of
roadway safety concerns repairs to roadside scheduled maintenance construction and
that require construction safety hardware (by safety activities maintenance projects
and/or maintenance category, e.g., guardra il, delivered on time providing accessible
action guardrail end-treatment, routes during
cable barrier, cable construction and
barrier end treatment) maintenance (where
applicable)
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Goal 1: Safety--P rovi de a S afe Transportati on System for Users and the General P ublic
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 6: System Operations
1.20 Reduce crash Change in number of Change in number and severity of Change in the number of
risk on two-lane crashes by crash type on truck crashes in a grade crossing
rural highways two-lane rural highways corridor/segment due to collisions/incidents due to
operational improvements operational improvements
(e.g., traffic control and
warning devices)
1.21 Reduce the Change in transit crashes Number of fatal and disabling
crash risk to the as a proportion of total injuries sustained by transit users
traveling public crashes on the highway as a portion of 100 m illion
using transit network passenger miles travelled or o f
100,000 riders
1.22 Reduce the Change in the total number Change in the percentage of
crash risk to of pedestrian and bicyclist signal systems with active
vulnerable road crashes, and fatal and pedestrian devices (e.g.,
users disabling crashes, by crosswalks, signals meeting ADA
100,000 population standards)
1.23 Reduce the risk Change in the total time Change in the total number and
to the traveling taken to clear an incident severity of secondary crashes
public on scene (e.g., crash, (crashes occurring as a result of
freeways during hazardous material spill) queuing or disruptions in traffic
incidents from the time o f the flow as a result o f an incident)
incident
1.24 Reduce crashes Change in the percentage Change in the percentage of
Performance Measures Compendium
related to of signals coordinated expressway/freeway ramps
intersection and along each major arterial metered in a corridor where
ramp opera tions severe congestion exists
1.25 Reduce crashes Change in the percentage Change in the percentage of Change in percentage of Change in the Change in
related to of signs meeting edge lines meeting system meeting curve percentage of percentage of
network retroreflectivity crite ria retroreflectivity crite ria warning, speed, and intersections system providing
operations signing criteria providing turn accessible routes
pockets and
associated protected
left-turn phasing
when warranted
B-7
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B-8
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 2: Basic Accessibility--Provide a Transportation System That Offers Accessibility That Allows People to Fulfill at
Least Their Basic Needs
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 1: Planning
2.1 Ensure accessibility to Change in the number Change in jobs/housing
jobs of jobs within balance
reasonable travel time
(by mode) for region's
population
2.2 Ensure accessibility to Change in travel time Change in travel time of Change in number of
essential destinations (by mode) to schools, goods to essential enterprises in key
health services, grocery markets (region wide) industries with
stores, civic and public reasonable access to
spaces, recreation high-capacity highway
or rail facilities
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Goal 2: Basic Accessibility--Provide a Transportation System That Offers Accessibility That Allows People to Fulfill at
Least Their Basic Needs
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 2: Programming
2.3 Program projects that Change in the number
increase access to job of jobs within
opportunities reasonable travel time
(by mode) for region's
population due to
project
2.4 Program projects that Change in travel time Change in travel time of Change in number of
increase access to (by mode) to schools, goods to essential enterprises in key
essential destinations health services, grocery markets due to project industries with
stores, civic and public reasonable access to
spaces, recreation due high-capacity highway
to project or rail facilities due to
project
Performance Measures Compendium
B-9
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B-10
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 2: Basic Accessibility--Provide a Transportation System That Offers Accessibility That Allows People to Fulfill at
Least Their Basic Needs
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 3: Project Development
2.5 Develop projects that Change in the number
increase access to job of jobs within
opportunities reasonable travel time
(by mode) for region's
population due to
selected project
alternative
2.6 Develop projects that Change in travel time Change in travel time of Change in number of
increase access to (by mode) to schools, goods to essential enterprises in key
essential destinations health services, grocery markets due to selected industries with
stores, civic and public project alternative reasonable access to
spaces, recreation due high-capacity highway
to selected project or rail facilities due to
alternative selected project
alternative
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Goal 2: Basic Accessibility--Provide a Transportation System That Offers Accessibility That Allows People to Fulfill at
Least Their Basic Needs
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 4: Construction
2.7 Reduce delay to Change in travel time
commuters due to delay for commuters
construction activities due to construction
activities
2.8 Minimize travel time Change in travel time Change in travel time of
delay (by mode) for delay (by mode) for goods to essential
affected population affected population due markets due to
due to construction to construction activities construction activities
Performance Measures Compendium
B-11
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Goal 10: Resource Consumption--Reduce the Use of Nonrenewable Resources and Promote the Use of Renewable
Replacements
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 5: Maintenance
10.17 Use biofuel for non- Percentage of machine-
road maintenance hours or gallons of
equipment biofuel used during
maintenance
10.18 Purchase regionally Total weight/volume/cost
produced maintenance purchased within a
materials certain radius (e.g.,
500 miles) from the
project
10.19 Reduce energy usage Total machine-hours of
due to maintenance energy-efficient non-
road equipment as a
percentage of all
maintenance-related
Performance Measures Compendium
machine-hours
B-57
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B-58
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 10: Resource Consumption--Reduce the Use of Nonrenewable Resources and Promote the Use of Renewable
Replacements
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 6: System Operations
10.20 Maintain a sustainable Change in the Change in the
fleet percentage of zero/low percentage of total
emissions vehicles in diesel fuel substituted
DOT fleet with alternative fuels,
ULSD, electric motors
10.21 Purchase sustainable Sustainable purchasing
materials as a priority plan that defines and
establishes priority for
sustainable materials
(e.g., recycled, reused,
local)
10.22 Purchase green energy Change in the amount
and percentage of green
energy purchased
10.23 Reduce energy usage Change in the number of Change in percentage
due to operations energy-efficient fixtures, of renewable energy, in
total kWh saved, etc. kWh, created in relation
to operations energy
requirements
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Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 1: Planning
11.1 Reduce activity that Change in trips, vehicle Change in percentage
generates pollutant trips, vehicle miles of commercial vehicles
emissions (travel, trip traveled (VMT), percent by EPA tier compliance
length, mode split, non-driver, tons of
emissions) emissions per day
11.2 Reduce polluting Change in emissions by Lane miles of new Number of new
exhaust emissions criteria pollutant, total, access improvements to separated rail crossings
(criteria pollutants and and by mode/ton mile intermodal and port replacing grade
GHGs) facilities crossings
11.3 Increase land use Change in jobs/housing Change in zoned
compactness, density, balance residential density levels
and balance of around essential service
interacting uses hubs
(compactness, density,
balance)
11.4 Increase the use of Change in planned miles
nonmotorized modes of transit routes,
pedestrian facilities,
designated bike facilities,
population within 1 mile
of transit, connectivity
index (pedestrian
Performance Measures Compendium
facilities, bike facilities,
transit routes)
11.5 Increase street Change in street
connectivity connectivity index
11.6 Reduce congestion, Change percent VMT at Change in percentage
promote low emissions low emission speed of toll lanes with EZPass
travel speeds ranges
B-59
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B-60
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 1: Planning (continued)
11.7 Reduce proximity of air- Change in sensitive
pollution-sensitive land receptors within close
uses to major pollution proximity, residential
sources (high-volume population within critical
highways) distance, percentage of
ethnic/racial population
groups within critical
distance
11.8 Reduce concentration Change in population
of critical pollutants in within areas above EPA
populated areas (model standard (non-attainment
forecast) (criteria areas), percent of
pollutants, GHGs) ethnic/racial population
groups within areas
above EPA standard,
percent of school
population within areas
above EPA standard
11.9 Provide measures that Change in CO2 O2
can reduce air pollutant conversion capacity of
concentrations (e.g., planned ROW plant
landscaping) materials
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Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 2: Programming
11.10 Program projects that Change in trips, vehicle Change in percentage Change in emissions Lane miles of new Number of new
reduce pollutant trips, VMT, percent non- of commercial vehicles by criteria pollutant, access improvements to separated rail crossings
emissions (travel, trip driver, tons of emissions by EPA tier compliance total, and by mode/ton intermodal and port replacing grade
length, mode split, per day due to program due to program mile due to program facilities due to program crossings due to
emissions) program
11.11 Increase use of Change in route or
nonmotorized modes service miles of transit
routes, pedestrian
facilities, designated bike
facilities, population
within 1 mile of transit,
person-miles walk
distance to transit stops,
person-miles distance
from building entrances
to public pedestrian
facilities (sidewalks,
pedestrianways),
connectivity index
(pedestrian facilities, bike
facilities, transit) due to
program
11.12 Increase street Change in street
connectivity connectivity index due to
program
Performance Measures Compendium
11.13 Reduce congestion, Change in percent VMT
promote low emissions at low emission speed
travel speeds range, total vehicle
delay, percent stops (of
intersection approach
volumes), multimodal
level of service (by
mode), percent VMT at
each level of service due
to program
B-61
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B-62
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 2: Programming (Continued)
11.14 Reduce populations Change in population
within critical distance within critical distance of
of major highway high-volume highways
emissions sources [specify threshold
(criteria pollutants, average daily traffic
GHGs) (ADT)] (schools,
hospitals, residences,
ethnic/racial group
equity) due to program
11.15 Reduce traffic volumes Change in ADT (total,
on major highways diesel), emissions due to
within critical distance program
of sensitive receptors
(schools, hospitals,
residences,
ethnic/racial equity)
11.16 Provide measures that Change in CO2 O2
can reduce air conversion capacity of
pollutant project plant materials
concentrations (e.g., due to program
landscaping)
11.17 Reduce travel speeds Change in population
to those within the percentage within a
lowest emissions critical distance of traffic
ranges (criteria operating at speeds
pollutants, GHGs) outside the lowest
emissions range due to
program
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Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 3: Project Development
11.18 Develop projects that Change in trips, vehicle Change in percentage Change in emissions Lane miles of new Number of new
reduce pollutant trips, VMT, percent non- of commercial vehicles by criteria pollutant, access improvements to separated rail crossings
emissions (travel, trip driver, tons of emissions by EPA tier compliance total, and by mode/ton intermodal and port replacing grade
length, mode split, per day due to project due to project mile due to project facilities due to project crossings due to project
emissions)
11.19 Increase use of Change in route or
nonmotorized modes service miles of transit
routes, pedestrian
facilities, designated bike
facilities, population
within 1 mile of transit,
person-miles walk
distance to transit stops,
person-miles distance
from building entrances
to public pedestrian
facilities (sidewalks,
pedestrianways),
connectivity index
(pedestrian facilities, bike
facilities, transit) due to
project
11.20 Increase street Change in street
connectivity connectivity index due to
project
Performance Measures Compendium
11.21 Reduce congestion, Change in percent VMT
promote low emissions at low emission speed
travel speeds due to range, total vehicle
project delay, percent stops (of
intersection approach
volumes), multimodal
level of service (by
mode), percent VMT at
each level of service due
to project
B-63
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B-64
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 3: Project Development (Continued)
11.22 Reduce populations Change in population
within critical distance within critical distance of
of major highway high-volume highways
emissions sources (specify threshold ADT)
(criteria pollutants, (schools, hospitals,
GHGs) residences, ethnic/racial
group equity) due to
project
11.23 Reduce traffic volumes Change in ADT (total,
on major highways diesel), emissions due to
within critical distance project
of sensitive receptors
(schools, hospitals,
residences,
ethnic/racial equity)
11.24 Provide measures that Change in CO2 O2
can reduce air conversion capacity of
pollutant project plant materials
concentrations (e.g., due to project
landscaping)
11.25 Reduce travel speeds Change in population
to those within the percentage within a
lowest emissions critical distance of traffic
ranges (criteria operating at speeds
pollutants, GHGs) outside the lowest
emissions range due to
project
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Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 4: Construction
11.26 Reduce construction activity that Engine hours of operation, emission rates,
generates pollutant emissions idling hours per day, tons of emissions per
(engine operation, engine day due to construction
emission rates, idling time,
emissions)
11.27 Reduce adverse impact on traffic Change in peak hour/period capacity (e.g.,
operations (lane reductions, lane miles), vehicle hours of delay, extra
traffic interruptions, detours, VMT, percent of passing VMT affected by
night operations) construction
11.28 Reduce equipment emissions Percent of construction equipment at each
(equipment conforming to latest tier of emissions standards (weighted or
EPA emissions standards) unweighted), percent of construction
equipment retrofitted to meet latest EPA
emissions standards
11.29 Reduce on-site construction Percent change in hours of diesel
equipment activity equipment operation compared to
conventional techniques, percent of
construction completed off-site (e.g.,
precast)
11.30 Reduce construction equipment Daily emissions within critical distance
emissions within a critical (criteria pollutants, GHGs) due to
Performance Measures Compendium
distance of sensitive populations construction
(schools, hospitals, residences,
ethnic/racial group equity)
11.31 Reschedule urban construction Percentage of diesel construction
activity with high emission rates equipment operating hours during low
to periods of low pollutant pollutant concentration hours
concentrations
B-65
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B-66
A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies
Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 5: Maintenance
11.32 Reduce maintenance activity that Engine hours of operation, emission
generates pollutant emissions rates, idling hours per day, tons of
(engine operation, engine emissions per day due to maintenance
emission rates, idling time,
emissions)
11.33 Reduce adverse impact on traffic Change in peak hour/period capacity
operations (lane reductions, (e.g., lane miles), vehicle hours of delay,
traffic interruptions, detours, extra VMT, percent of passing VMT
night operations) affected by maintenance
11.34 Reduce equipment emissions Percent of maintenance equipment at
(equipment conforming to latest each tier of emissions standards
EPA emissions standards) (weighted or unweighted), percent of
maintenance equipment retrofitted to
meet latest EPA emissions standards
11.35 Reduce maintenance equipment Daily emissions within critical distance
emissions within a critical (criteria pollutants, GHGs) due to
distance of sensitive populations maintenance
(schools, hospitals, residences,
ethnic/racial group equity)
11.36 Reschedule urban maintenance Percentage of diesel maintenance
activity with high emission rates equipment operating hours during low
to periods of low pollutant pollutant concentration hours
concentrations
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Goal 11: Emissions and Air Quality--Reduce Transportation-Related Emissions of Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
# Objectives Measure A Measure B Measure C Measure D Measure E
Focus Area 6: System Operations
11.37 Reduce congestion- Change in the percent of VMT at low Change in emissions by
related emissions emission speed ranges, total vehicle delay, criteria pollutant, total,
percent of approaching traffic that is stopped, and by mode/ton mile due
multimodal level of service (by mode) to operational
improvements
11.38 Reduce engine idling Change in vehicle hours of idling
(on-road, non-road)
11.39 Promote nonmotorized Change in multimodal level of service,
modes percent telework jobs (person-days/week),
percent jobs within __ minutes of population
(average) by nonmotorized modes, percent
population within 1/4 mile of transit service,
percent jobs within 1/4 mile of transit service,
percent jobs within 1/2 mile of designated
bike route, percent population within 1/2 mile
of designated bike routes, average
auto/transit travel time ratio (selected
corridors)
11.40 Maintain efficient traffic Percent of area traffic signals retimed during Change in percentage of
operations past three years, percent of area traffic toll payers using EZPass
signals within coordinated signal systems re-
coordinated during past three years
Performance Measures Compendium
11.41 Promote driving shifts Change in percent (volume) of traffic passing
to nonschool hours school zones during times when schools are
not in session
11.42 Promote nonmotorized Change in the percentage of person miles
modes traveled by nonmotorized modes, emissions
B-67
