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TABLE 19
SURFACE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PRODUCTS
Company Product(s) Website Brief Description
Advanced Aviation DSMR-800 http://www.aatl.net/ Surface movement radars using
Technology Ltd. products/radar.htm millimetric radars for tracking surface
movement operations including
runway/taxiway incursion detection,
critical area penetration monitoring, and
conflict alerts
ID Systems AvRamp® http://www.id-systems. Wireless Vehicle Management System
SafeNavTM com/industry-solutions/ and Airport Vehicle Navigation and
aviation/ Runway Incursion Avoidance System
products that manage airside vehicle
tracking and situational awareness
PASSUR PortalTM http://www.passur.com/ A variety of products for airport
Aerospace inSightTM products-for-airports.htm operations including airspace activity,
OPSnetTM arrival and departure rates, real-time
FlightPerformTM runway configurations, vectors, miles-in-
trail, detailed flight trajectory and traffic
flows, and NOTAMS/Field Condition
Reporting
Safegate Group Safedock http://www.safegate.com System that provides aircraft guidance on
/home/safegate-solutions/ the ground through the use of an
the-safegate-solutions/ electronic docking system that guides
docking-gs pilots into gate areas by aircraft
equipment type
Sensis Corporation Airport Surface http://sensis.com/ Various real-time FAA and commercial
Detection products-by-solution.php surface management system products
Equipment, using a multilateration (MLAT)
Model X surveillance infrastructure to manage
(ASDE-X) movement and non-movement areas
Aerobahn® through visual identification of aircraft
and vehicles, including recording and
replay features for accident/incident
investigations
SRA International MSS--MLAT http://www.sra.com/air- Hardware and software aircraft tracking
Inc./ERA and ADS-B traffic-management/ system using multilateration (MLAT) for
solutions/index.php surface management and control. Ground
Surveillance vehicle tracking using ADS-B
Squad--Vehicle broadcasting for Advanced Surface
Tracking Movement Guidance and Control
Systems.
Source: See web link for each product.
NOTAM = Notice to Airmen; ADS-B = Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast.
Ramp towers are typically installed to increase efficien- Research conducted online and through industry organi-
cies and safety through communication with pilots and over- zation information resulted in a partial list of ramp tower
sight of the ramp and gate areas. Using radio communication operations at U.S. airports and is presented in Table 20. The
and visual tools such as video cameras and surface manage- list is intended to demonstrate the variety and diversity of ramp
ment software provides an additional level of aircraft separa- tower operators, not to serve as a comprehensive list of all
tion and control on the ramp. Although limited industry data ramp tower operations in the United States.
exist to reflect a decrease in ramp incidents and accidents
through the installation of ramp towers, a report by the U.S.
GAO on Aviation Runway and Ramp Safety indicates that SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
when asking experts to provide their views on safety-related
industry efforts, they suggested that the most effective ones On October 7, 2010, the FAA released a NPRM through
were being taken mainly by airlines; for example, by setting the Federal Register, Vol. 75, No. 194 (Docket No. FAA-
safety targets and using ramp towers. Of 15 U.S. GAO sur- 2010-0997; Notice No. 10-14 RIN 2120-AJ38) entitled
vey respondents, 2 experts indicated that airports' use of ramp "Safety Management System for Certificated Airports."
towers was "very or extremely effective in addressing ramp The NPRM proposed that all CFR 14 Part 139 certificated
accidents, and 3 stated that airlines' use of ramp towers was airports establish a SMS "for its entire airfield environment
very effective. One expert said that ramp towers improve oper- (including movement and non-movement areas) to improve
ational safety but that all operations are still not completely safety at airports hosting air carrier operations" (Federal
visible" (Dillingham 2007). Register 2010a).
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TABLE 20
PARTIAL LIST OF RAMP TOWER OPERATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
Airport Name Airport Operated by
ChicagoOíHare ORD Si gnature, United
Cleveland Hopkins International CLE Continental
Dallas Fort Worth DFW American
Denver International DIA City and County of Denver, United
Detroit Metro DTW Northwest, Delta
John F. Kennedy International JFK Airport Operated, JetBlue,
LaGuardia LGA American, United, Delta, US Airways
Los Angeles International. LAX United, Delta, American, Alaska
Miami International MIA American Airlines
Philadelphia International PHL Airport Operated, US Airways,
San Francisco International SFO Airport Group International (AGI)
SeattleTacoma International SEA Robinson Aviation Inc. (RVA)
Source: Internet research and airport website information.
The FAA further stated that "the proposal extends the lic comments, may or may not include the proposed changes
scope of Part 139 by including the non-movement areas, to ramp oversight.
but the FAA has concluded that ensuring safety in air trans-
portation requires that an SMS applies to any place that On February 1, 2011, the FAA released a NPRM through
affects safety during aircraft operations" (Federal Register the Federal Register, Vol. 76, No. 21 (Docket No. FAA-2010-
2010b). 0247; Notice No. 11-01 RIN 2120-AJ70) entitled "Safety
Enhancement Part 139, Certification of Airports." The NPRM
According to the FAA's Advisory Circular 150/5200-37, proposes that all CFR 14 Part 139 certificated airports "estab-
"Introduction to Safety Management Systems for Airport lish minimum standards for training of personnel who access
Operators," an SMS is defined as "The formal, top-down the airport non-movement area (ramp and apron) to help
business-like approach to managing safety risk. It includes sys- prevent accidents and incidents in that area." The NPRM
tematic procedures, practices, and policies for the management provides guidance on program development, type and fre-
of safety (including safety risk management, safety policy, quency of training, and reporting. As mentioned for the SMS
safety assurance, and safety promotion)" (FAA 2007b). rule, the training NPRM does not reflect the final rulemaking
and possible changes resulting from public and industry
An SMS can be further defined as including the following comments could alter the current proposed requirements
program elements: (Federal Register 2010b).
1--Safety Policy ISAGO
Formal Policy
Management and Staff Roles and Responsibilities IATA launched the IATA Safety Audit for Ground Operations
Program Objectives and Goals. (ISAGO) program in February 2008 to provide standardized
2--Safety Risk Management auditing for GSPs. The program is designed much like the
Hazard Identification IATA Operational Safety Audit program for airlines. A suc-
Safety Risk Assessments cessful audit results in the GSP company name displayed on
Safety Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, and Reporting. an IATA website registry, which allows airlines and airports
3--Safety Assurance to assess the company's ability to meet ISAGO standards.
Quality Control--self-inspections ISAGO proposes that the audit function may offer safer ground
Quality Assurance--program audits/evaluations. operations and improved quality standards through partic-
4--Safety Promotion ipation in the program. As of January 2011, only one GSP
Training and Orientation located in the United States [SeattleTacoma International
Data and Reporting/Communication Airport (Sea-Tac)] is listed on the registry (a total of 61 are
Safety Culture. presented on the ISAGO website). The majority of ISAGO-
registered companies are located in Europe, Asia, Africa, the
The proposed changes to CFR 14 Part 139 certificated Middle East, and South America. Sea-Tac is requiring all
airports regarding SMS could change the management of GSPs to complete audits by the end of 2011 to provide services
the ramp area by formalizing the airport's responsibility for the at the airport. ISAGO may assist airports with the standardiza-
non-movement area; however, the NPRM does not reflect tion and management of GSPs through their audit program;
the final rulemaking. The future SMS program, which will be however, with few U.S. airports and GSPs participating at this
finalized after review of industry, airport operators, and pub- time, the program may have difficulty gaining momentum.
