Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 15
3. Using transportation as a planning instrument
to guide development.
4. Using technology to address air quality prob-
lems (CNG vehicles, hybrids, electric vehi-
cles, etc.).
In the mid-1990s, officials in India and China
recognized that inadequate infrastructure and ser-
vices were impediments to sustainable development
in their large cities. Consequently, plans were put in
place to tackle the challenges of rapid urbanization
and motorization by accelerating the supply of in-
frastructure and services while promoting sustain-
able public transportation and eco-governance at the
regional level.
For example, in India, the national government
launched several policies and initiatives as part of its
plan to foster sustainable urban transportation sys-
tems. The NUTP, created in 2006 by the Ministry of
Urban Development to facilitate the implementation
of people-centric urban transportation solutions, set
forth a vision, goals, and objectives that were a sig-
nificant departure from traditional urban transporta-
tion practices in Indian cities. Essentially, the NUTP
articulates an emphasis on public transportation and
the development of non-motorized modes that provide
high-capacity, efficient public transportation. The
NUTP includes the following objectives:
· Incorporation of urban transportation as an im-
Figure 9 Shanghai's super-capacitor bus combines portant element at the master planning stage,
conventional batteries with super-capacitor technology. rather than a consequential requirement
· Implementation of plans and projects that are
100% battery-powered zero-emission vehicles to the people-centric
· Promotion of cleaner technologies
transit market in China and abroad. In 2009, the
· Establishment of quality, integrated, multi-
Chinese government launched the "Ten Cities, Thou-
sand Vehicles" program to stimulate electric vehicle modal public transportation systems that pro-
and new-energy bus development through large pilot vide seamless travel across all modes
programs in 10 cities. This program has now been ex- · Equitable allocation of road space, with em-
panded to 25 cities and includes consumer incentives phasis placed on movement of people rather
in five cities. than movement of vehicles
· Reduction in pollution
· Recognition of road safety concerns
PLANNING AND OUTREACH
In India, transit planning for BRT and metro is a
Four planning elements have set a path to sus-
much-abbreviated process compared with that in the
tainability in the cities visited:
United States. Government officials discuss public
1. Making public transportation a priority, with outreach in terms of months, not years. Core project
the intent to ensure mobility. planning in terms of mode selection, financing, ameni-
2. Creating multimodal systems consisting of ties, and locations appears to be done before present-
pedestrians, bicycles, buses, metro, and rail ing the project to the public. Public universities and
(high-speed in China). their transit programs provide support for government
15
