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Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14609.
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Page 75
Page 76
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14609.
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Page 76
Page 77
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14609.
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Page 77

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75 Allan, D. and J. Volinski, Cops, Cameras, and Enclosures: A Synthesis of Effectiveness of Methods to Provide Enhanced Security for Bus Operators, Report No. 392-12, National Center for Transit Research, CUTR, University of South Florida, Tampa, May 31, 2001. Amalgamated Transit Union, We Can Get There from Here: ATU Reauthorization Proposal, Amalgamated Transit Union, Washington, D.C., Jan., 2009. American Public Transit Association (APTA), Technical Recommended Practice for the Selection of Cameras, Digital Recording Systems, and Digital High-Speed Net- works and Train-lines for Use in Transit-Related CCTV Systems, APTA IT-RP-001-08 V3, APTA. Washington, D.C., 2008. American Public Transportation Association (APTA), Recom- mended Practice for Transit Bus Operator Training, APTA BTS-BO-RP-001-07, APTA, Washington, D.C., updated June 2009. American Public Transportation Association (APTA), Rec- ommended Practice: Recruiting and Retaining Bus Oper- ations Employees, APTA BTS-BO-RP-003-09, APTA, Washington, D.C., Dec. 2009. American Public Transit Association (APTA), Draft Recom- mended Practice for Video Content Analytics (VCA) Recommended Practice for Transit Applications, VCA Recommended Practice Working document, APTA, Washington, D.C., Mar. 2010. American Public Transportation Association (APTA), Survey of United States Transit System Security Needs and Fund- ing Priorities, Summary of Findings, APTA, Washington, D.C., 2004. Ashkroft, J., D. Daniels, and S. Hart, The Effectiveness and Safety of Pepper Spray, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., Apr., 2003. “Assaults on Bus Operators on the Rise,” WMATA Press Release, Feb. 14, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www. wmata.com. Assess Systems, STRADA Bus Operator Assessment Survey: Development and Validation, Assess Systems, Dec. 2009. Bacal, R., Defusing Hostile Customers Workbook, Institute for Cooperative Communication, Manitoba, Canada, 1998. Balog, J., et al., The Public Transportation System Security and Emergency Preparedness Planning Guide, Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C., 2003. Balog, J. and A. Schwarz, Transit Security Design Consider- ations, Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C., 2004. Banerjee, B., “The ABCs of TCO (Total Cost of Ownership): The True Costs of IP Video Surveillance,” Video Technol- ogy and Applications, Feb. 2008. Bodell, P., “Commentary: Are We Letting the Bad Guys Get Away?” Video Technology and Applications, Feb. 2008. Bonfanti, G. and T. Wagenknecht, “Human Factors Reduce Aggression and Fare Evasion,” PTI, Jan./Feb. 2010, pp. 28–32. Boyd, A., P. Maier, and J. Caton, Transit Security Handbook, Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C., 1998. 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Petrossian, “Deterrence and Fare Evasion: Results of a Natural Experiment,” Security Journal, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 5–17, 2010. Clarke, R., Ed., Mass Transit Crime. Crime Prevention Series, Vol. 6, Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, N.Y., 1996. Conklin, J.E., Why Crime Rates Fell, Pearson Education, Inc., New York, N.Y., 2003. Conte, J.M., D.V. Day, and R. R. Jacobs, “Selecting Bus Operators: Multiple Predictors, Multiple Perspectives on Validity, and Multiple Estimates of Utility,” Human Per- formance, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1996, pp. 199–217. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Conte, S., Edmonton Transit Security Intelligence Model, Sep. 18, 2009. Crisis Prevention Institute’s Prepare Training Program Manual, 2005. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)/Transportation Security Administration Transit Security Grant Program Guidelines, DHS [Online]. Available: http://www.tsa.gov/. “DNA Kits Issued to All London Bus Operators as Special- ist Police Unit Is Set Up to Combat Attacks,” TFL News Centre Archive, May 23, 2008 [Online]. Available: www. tfl.gov.uk. Duhart, D., Violence in the Workplace, 1993–1999, National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, Washington, D.C., Dec. 2001. Essenberg, B., Violence and Stress at Work in the Transport Sector, International Labor Office, Geneva, Switzerland, 2003. Federal Transit Administration (FTA), Public Transporta- tion System Security and Emergency Preparedness Plan- ning Guide, FTA, Washington, D.C., 2003. Federal Transit Administration, Safety and Security Website [Online]. 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Gomersall, C., “Challenges and Developments in ‘Intelligent Video Surveillance,’ ” ISC365.com, Feb. 2008. Goodfellow, R., Lighting as a Situational Approach to Pre- venting Transit Crime, APTA Rail Transit Conference Proceedings, 2005. “Is Enough Being Done to Stop the Assault on Bus Opera- tors?” Metro Magazine, Aug. 2009. Jenkins, B. and L.N. Gersten, Protecting Surface Transporta- tion Against Terrorism and Serious Crime: Continuing Research on Best Security Practices, Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies, San Jose, Calif., 2001. Kaminski, R.J., S.M. Edwards, and J.W. Johnson, “Assessing the Incapacitative Effects of Pepper Spray During Resistive Encounters With Police,” Policing: An International Jour- nal of Police Strategies and Management, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1999, pp. 7–29. 76 Kelling, G. and C. Coles, Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities, Free Press, New York, N.Y., 1998. Kelling, G. and J. Wilson, “Broken Windows,” Atlantic Monthly, Mar. 1982. Kerkhoff, H., “How to Hire and Keep Good Employees,” Busline, Mar./Apr. 2000, pp. 47–51. Kerkhoff, H., “Motorcoach Operators Ready to Meet 21st Cen- tury Challenges, Opportunities,” Busline, Jan./Feb. 2000, pp. 28–34. Kittlesen Associates, Inc., TCRP Report 118: Bus Rapid Tran- sit Practitioner’s Guide, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007. Levine, N. and M. Wachs, “Tracking Crime on Buses,” TR News, No. 127, Nov./Dec. 1986, pp. 18–22. Manley, A., Security Manager’s Guide to Disasters: Manag- ing Through Emergencies, Violence, and Other Workplace Threats, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. MBTA Police and Northeastern University’s Center for Criminal Justice Policy, MBTA Youth Study Final Report, Boston, 2000. McDonald, P.P., Managing Police Operations: Implement- ing the NYPD Crime Control Model Using COMPSTAT, Wadsworth Publishing, New York, N.Y., 2001. Moffat, G., A. Ashton, and D. Blackburn, TCRP Synthesis 40: A Challenged Employment System: Hiring, Training, Per- formance Evaluation, and Retention of Bus Operators, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2001, 80 pp. Nakanishi, Y., TCRP Synthesis 80: Transit Security Update, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009, 149 pp. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Workplace Violence Prevention Strategies and Research Needs, Publication No. 2006-144, NIOSH, U.S. Depart- ment of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., Sep. 2006. Ned Levine & Associates, CrimeStat III, Version 3.0: A Spa- tial Statistics Program for the Analysis of Crime Incident Locations, National Institute of Justice, Washington, D.C., 2004. Nelson, K.R., Policing Mass Transit: Serving a Unique Com- munity, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C., 1997. O’Neil, D. and Y. 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77 Smith, M.J. and D.B. Cornish, Eds., Theory for Practice in Sit- uational Crime Prevention, Vol. 16, Crime Prevention Stud- ies Series, Criminal Justice Press, Boulder, Colo., 2003. Stern, R., TCRP Synthesis 26: Bus Transit Fare Collection Practices, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1997. TCRP Project J-3: International Transit Studies Program. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., June 2003. TCRP Report 86, Volume 1: Communication of Threats: A Guide, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002. TCRP Report 86, Volume 2: K9 Units in Public Transporta- tion: A Guide for Decision Makers, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002. TCRP Report 86, Volume 5: Security-Related Customer Communications and Training for Public Transportation Providers, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2004. TCRP Report 86, Volume 7: Public Transportation Emer- gency Mobilization and Emergency Operations Guide, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005. TCRP Report 86, Volume 9: Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006. TCRP Report 86, Volume 10: Hazard and Security Plan Work- shop: Instructor Guide, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006. TCRP Report 86, Volume 13: Public Transportation Passen- ger Security Inspections: A Guide for Policy Decision Makers, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007. TCRP Report 90: Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Stud- ies in Bus Rapid Transit, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003. TCRP Report 90: Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 2: Implemen- tation Guidelines, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2004. TCRP Web Document 15: Guidelines for the Effective Use of Uniformed Transit Police and Security Personnel, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., May, 1997. TCRP Web Document 18: Developing Useful Transit-Related Crime and Incident Data, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., Apr. 2000. TCRP Research Results Digest 58: Safety and Security Issues at All-Bus Systems in Small- to Medium-Sized Cities in Western Europe, International Transit Studies Program, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003. Thomas, L., Legal Research Digest 20: Transit Passengers and Civil Rights, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., June 2005, 67 pp. Thompson, G.J. and J. Jenkins, Verbal Judo: The Gentle Art of Persuasion, Quill, New York, N.Y., 2004. Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), TTC Assault Prevention and Support Programs, TTC, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.ttc.ca/posting/gso-comopt/documents/report/ f3831/OpeatorAssault.pdf. Transportation Security Administration, Mass Transit Annex to Transportation Systems Sector Security Plan [Online]. Available: http://www.tsa.gov/. Transportation Security Administration, Guidance on Back- ground Checks, Redress and Immigration Status, TSA, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://www.tsa.gov/. Trevino, J.A., Houston METRO, Police Study on Less than Lethal Options for Bus Operators. Volinski, J., TCRP Synthesis 33: Practices in Assuring Employee Availability, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1999, 75 pp. Waite, J., Legal Research Digest 22: The Case for Searches on Public Transportation, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, 79 pp. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), Metro’s Transit Police Crime Statistics and Significant Facts, WMATA, Mar. 26, 2009 [Online]. Available: http:// www.wmata.com/about_metro/board_of_directors/board_ docs/032609_MTPD.pdf. Workplace Violence: Issues in Response, FBI Academy, U.S. Department of Justice, Quantico, Va., Feb. 2001.

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TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 93: Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault highlights practices and policies implemented by transit agencies to deter and mitigate assaults on bus operators.

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