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NATIONAL
NCHRP REPORT 709
COOPERATIVE
HIGHWAY
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
Investigation of Short-Term
Laboratory Aging of Neat and
Modified Asphalt Binders
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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2011 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
OFFICERS
CHAIR: Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
VICE CHAIR: Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
MEMBERS
J. Barry Barker, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA
William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
Eugene A. Conti, Jr., Secretary of Transportation, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh
James M. Crites, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, TX
Paula J. Hammond, Secretary, Washington State DOT, Olympia
Michael W. Hancock, Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort
Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
Michael P. Lewis, Director, Rhode Island DOT, Providence
Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington
Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Regional General Manager, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA
Steven T. Scalzo, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA
Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO
Beverly A. Scott, General Manager and CEO, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA
David Seltzer, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA
Lawrence A. Selzer, President and CEO, The Conservation Fund, Arlington, VA
Kumares C. Sinha, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Thomas K. Sorel, Commissioner, Minnesota DOT, St. Paul
Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation Studies; and Interim
Director, Energy Efficiency Center, University of California, Davis
Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing
Douglas W. Stotlar, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Peter H. Appel, Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT
J. Randolph Babbitt, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
Anne S. Ferro, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S.DOT
John T. Gray, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC
David T. Matsuda, Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
Victor M. Mendez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Tara O'Toole, Under Secretary for Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
Robert J. Papp (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
Cynthia L. Quarterman, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Peter M. Rogoff, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
David L. Strickland, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Joseph C. Szabo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
Polly Trottenberg, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT
Robert L. Van Antwerp (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
Barry R. Wallerstein, Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA
*Membership as of June 2011.
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NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
NCHRP REPORT 709
Investigation of Short-Term
Laboratory Aging of Neat and
Modified Asphalt Binders
David A. Anderson
State College, PA
Ramon Bonaquist
ADVANCED ASPHALT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
Sterling, VA
Subscriber Categories
Highways · Materials
Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2012
www.TRB.org
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NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY NCHRP REPORT 709
RESEARCH PROGRAM
Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective Project 09-36
approach to the solution of many problems facing highway ISSN 0077-5614
administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local ISBN 978-0-309-21363-9
interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually Library of Congress Control Number 2011939877
or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly
complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These
problems are best studied through a coordinated program of COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
cooperative research.
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials published or copyrighted material used herein.
initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA,
a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the
FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product,
Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for
Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of
any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission
Transportation.
from CRP.
The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was
requested by the Association to administer the research program
because of the Board's recognized objectivity and understanding of
NOTICE
modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this
purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway
Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of
authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal,
The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this
state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to
procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved
objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of
by the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the
research directly to those who are in a position to use them. researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation
The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors.
by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research Council, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not
needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely
because they are considered essential to the object of the report.
Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these
needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are
selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and
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The needs for highway research are many, and the National
Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant
contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of
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highway research programs.
Published reports of the
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
are available from:
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Business Office
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Washington, DC 20001
and can be ordered through the Internet at:
http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
Printed in the United States of America
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als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 709
Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Edward T. Harrigan, Senior Program Officer
Melanie Adcock, Senior Program Assistant
Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications
Hilary Freer, Senior Editor
NCHRP PROJECT 09-36 PANEL
Field of Materials and Construction--Area of Bituminous Materials
Louay N. Mohammad, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (Chair)
John D'Angelo, D'Angelo Consulting, LLC, Annandale, VA
Frank Fee, NuStar Asphalt Refining, LLC, Media, PA
Kee Y. Foo, California DOT, Sacramento, CA
Gale C. Page, Gainesville, FL
Michael Zupanick, Technologic Resources Inc., Broomall, PA
John "Jack" Youtcheff, FHWA Liaison
Frederick Hejl, TRB Liaison
AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 9-36 by Advanced Asphalt Tech-
nologies, LLC. Dr. David A. Anderson, P.E., and Dr. Ramon Bonaquist, P.E., served as co-principal inves-
tigators for the project. Dr. J. Claine Petersen provided assistance with the chemistry of binder aging, and
Dr. Charles Antle provided assistance with experimental design. The report was authored by Drs. Ander-
son and Bonaquist.
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FOREWORD
By Edward T. Harrigan
Staff Officer
Transportation Research Board
This report provides a proposed method of test for short-term laboratory aging of neat
and modified asphalt binders using the Modified German Rotating Flask (MGRF) as an
alternative to the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT, AASHTO T 240). Thus, the report
will be of immediate interest to staff of state highway agencies, materials suppliers, and paving
contractors with responsibility for specification and testing of asphalt binders.
NCHRP Project 9-36, "Improved Procedure for Laboratory Aging of Asphalt Binders in
Pavements," was awarded to Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC, Sterling, Virginia, with
major participation of consultant Dr. David A. Anderson, State College, Pennsylvania.
The objective of this research was to develop and validate a proposed procedure for the
short-term laboratory aging of asphalt binders usable in a purchase specification such as
AASHTO M 320 that (1) applied equally to neat and modified materials, (2) mimicked the
physical changes that occur in asphalt mixes conditioned in accordance with AASHTO R 30,
(3) quantified binder volatility, and (4) was extendable to long-term binder aging.
The new procedure was envisioned as a replacement for the RTFOT selected as the method
for short-term asphalt binder aging during the Strategic Highway Research Program on the
basis of previous experience. It was hoped that the replacement method would also provide
a means to measure binder volatility (mass loss) and be suitable for adaptation to replace
the Pressure Aging Vessel test (PAV, AASHTO R 28) for simulating long-term aging of
asphalt binders.
In the research, existing short-term binder aging procedures, as well as procedures under
development, were reviewed to select candidates for improvement and validation in NCHRP
Project 9-36. Laboratory studies were then conducted to improve selected aspects of the can-
didate procedures. Finally, a laboratory validation study was carried out to compare rheo-
logical properties of neat and modified binders aged in the candidate procedures with binders
aged in the RTFOT and mixtures aged in accordance with the conditioning procedure for
performance testing in AASHTO R 30.
The research concluded that the MGRF is an acceptable alternative to the RTFOT for
both neat and modified asphalt binders. Moreover, there is a reasonable relationship between
rankings of aging susceptibility measured by the RTFOT and the MGRF and that measured
by AASHTO R 30. Finally--and unexpectedly--for the binders tested in the research, the
average aging of the neat binders was approximately the same as that for the modified binders
for AASHTO R 30, RTFOT, and MGRF conditioning. The key advantage of the MGRF over
the otherwise equivalent RTFOT is that the MGRF can produce aged binders in substan-
tially larger quantities per run. However, the research was not successful in adapting the
MGRF to provide the long-term aging of asphalt binders presently achieved with the PAV,
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and the research concluded that binder volatility is best measured using a test independent
of the short-term aging procedure.
The report fully documents the research leading to the proposed MGRF method and pro-
vides the method in AASHTO format in an appendix. In addition, five appendixes are avail-
able for download from the NCHRP Project 9-36 webpage at http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/
TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=970:
· APPENDIX A: Binder Aging Bibliography
· APPENDIX B: Selection Study Report
· APPENDIX C: Volatile Collection System Study Report
· APPENDIX D: SAFT Optimization Study Report
· APPENDIX E: Verification Study Report
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CONTENTS
1 Summary
5 Chapter 1 Introduction
5 1.1 Background
5 1.2 Objective and Scope
6 Chapter 2 Research Approach
6 2.1 Overview
6 2.2 Identify Viable Candidate Methods
10 2.3 Selection Study
11 2.4 Volatile Collection System Study
11 2.5 SAFT Optimization Study
12 2.6 Verification Study
13 2.7 Materials
15 Chapter 3 Findings
15 3.1 Introduction
15 3.2 Identify Candidate Methods
24 3.3 Selection Study
31 3.4 Volatile Collection System Study
35 3.5 SAFT Optimization Study
40 3.6 Verification Study
57 3.7 Short-Term Aging of Modified Binders
60 Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations
60 4.1 Summary of Findings
62 4.2 Conclusions
62 4.3 Proposals for Future Action
64 References
66 Appendixes A through E
67 Appendix F
Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale
for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.
