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air quality/emissions for the equipment and were used to develop the conclusions and sugges-
materials. Also considered would be the asso- tions presented in this synthesis.
ciated impact the treatments have on the trav-
elling public in terms of emissions associated Organization of the Report
with traffic delays resulting from the treat- The information collected in this study is pre-
ment placement. Part of the calculation of this sented as follows:
factor would be the preventive maintenance
treatment's service life. · Summary of Literature Review and Survey and
6. Water quality evaluates the effects of Results
transportation-related impacts associated · Quantifying Environmental Sustainability in
with alternative maintenance strategies and Pavement Preservation and Maintenance
materials. Regulatory requirements relate to · Case Studies
the operation and maintenance of municipal · Conclusions and Future Research Needs.
storm sewer systems, storm water discharge
associated with construction activities, and SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW
effluent standards related to the total maxi- AND SURVEY AND RESULTS
mum daily effluent discharge standards.
Treatments and programs should be evalu- Introduction
ated for their individual and collective effect This report employed the following major study
on these resources (CEE 2010c). instruments:
7. Energy usage relates to the quantification
of cumulative energy usage of the pave- · A comprehensive literature review.
ment preservation and maintenance treat- · A survey of U.S. state DOTs and Canadian
ment throughout the life cycle. Energy provincial transportation agencies.
usage is important in its correlation to emis- · Case study analyses of selected U.S., Cana-
sions of greenhouse gases and their relation- dian, and one New Zealand sustainable pave-
ship to climate change. ment preservation and maintenance programs.
· The structure and content of each of the instru-
ments were integrated to identify trends in
Study Approach the data.
The approach used to complete the synthesis The literature found in sustainable transportation
essentially relied on three independent sources of is largely about design, construction, and material
information. The first was a comprehensive review selection. Very little information was found that was
of the literature. An effort was made to obtain not specific to sustainable pavement preservation and
only the most current information but also historical maintenance quantification. Most of the studies
information, so that any changes over time could involved the comparison of specific pavement preser-
also be properly described and documented. The vation and maintenance treatments, such as chip seal-
second source of information included the survey ing or microsurfacing, to hot mix or portland cement
responses of U.S. and Canadian maintenance engi- concrete overlays or rehabilitation. Although this
neers employed by the state or provincial highway information is valuable, there is no single source of
agencies. Finally, case studies based on both the sur- environmental sustainability data on the suite of
veys and literature were included. Collectively, this commonly used pavement preservation and mainte-
information was used to identify current gaps in the nance treatments. The Recycled Materials Resource
state of the practice and identify how these gaps can Center's (RMRC) website (http://www.rmrc.unh.
be addressed in future research. edu/) appears to have the most current and complete
collection of highway environmental sustainability
Protocol to Develop Conclusions and
research. A search of that archive revealed that the
Recommendations for Future Research
majority of the research has been in the area of mate-
The major factor in developing a conclusion was rial science and hazard analysis. RMRC Project No.
the intersection of trends found in the literature, sur- 23 notes that: "We have not found publications on the
vey, and case study documentation. All three tools environmental effects of the different maintenance
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