Synthesis of Information Related to Airport Practices: 2012 (2012)

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INTRODUCTION Airport administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which information already exists, either in docu- mented form or as undocumented experi- ence and practice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recom- mended practices for solving or alleviating the problem. There is information on nearly every subject of concern to the airport industry. Much of it derives from research or from the work of practitioners faced with problems in their day-to-day work. To provide a sys- tematic means for assembling and evaluat- ing such useful information and making it available to the entire airport community, the Airport Cooperative Research Program authorized the Transportation Research Board to undertake a continuing study. This study, ACRP Project A11-03, “Synthesis of Information Related to Airport Practices,” searches out and synthesizes useful knowl- edge from all available sources and prepares SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION RELATED TO AIRPORT PRACTICES This is a staff digest of the progress and status of ACRP Project A11-03, “Synthesis of Information Related to Airport Practices,” for which the Transportation Research Board is the agency conducting the research. Individual studies for the project are managed by Gail R. Staba, Senior Program Officer, and Jon M. Williams, Program Director, Synthesis Studies, serving under the Studies and Special Programs Division of the Transportation Research Board, Stephen R. Godwin, Director. Research Results Digest 13 January 2012 Responsible Senior Program Officer: Michael R. Salamone AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration You can submit your recommenda- tion at: http://www.trb.org/ACRP/ Public/ACRP.aspx “Submit an ACRP Topic.” Topics suggested must be accompanied by a brief (one or two paragraphs) scope statement, including a discussion of the problem. A title (preferably 10 words or less) and the name and affiliation of the submitter are also necessary. Suggestions for up- dates of published syntheses are also welcome. The ACRP Project Panel meets once each year to make the final selections. To be considered at the next annual meeting, all submissions should be received by October 2012. If a topic is not selected, the problem statement must be resubmitted the fol- lowing year to be reconsidered. Interested in writing a synthesis? For details, see the Synthesis homepage (http://www.trb.org/SynthesisPro grams/Public/ACRPSynthesisNew Studies.aspx) under “New Topics.”

Table 2 ACRP SYNTHESIS STUDIES— 2012 Projects No. Title S01-05 Airport Organization Alignment S01-06 Airport Customer Service Performance Metrics S01-07 Conducting Airport Peer Reviews S02-07 Using Airport Contracts as Environmental Performance Tools S02-08 Environmental Assessment of High- Speed Rail vs. Air Transport S02-09 Airport Environmental Management System Development Processes and Knowledge Gaps S04-09 Model Mutual Aid Agreements for Airports S06-04 Adapting New Maintenance Hires to the Airport Environment S09-05 Repairing and Maintaining Airport Parking Structure While in Use S10-08 Conducting Aeronautical Events at Airports S10-09 Wildlife Deterrents Using Population Management at Airports concise, documented reports on specific topics. Re- ports from this endeavor constitute an ACRP report series, Synthesis of Airport Practice. THE SYNTHESIS PROGRAM This synthesis series reports on current knowl- edge and practice, in a compact format, without the detailed directions usually found in handbooks or design manuals. Each report in the series provides a compendium of the best knowledge available on those measures found to be most successful in resolving specific problems. To develop these syntheses in a comprehensive manner and to ensure inclusion of significant knowl- edge, TRB employs a consultant to gather and analyze available information from numerous sources, includ- ing airport operations agencies. A panel of experts in the subject area is established to guide the consultant in organizing and evaluating the data collected on each topic and to review the synthesis report. For each topic the project objectives are (1) to lo- cate and assemble documented information; (2) to learn what practice has been used for solving or alle- viating the problems; (3) to identify all ongoing re- search; (4) to learn what problems remain largely un- solved; (5) to organize, evaluate, and document the useful information that is acquired; and (6) to dis- seminate the synthesis information to all who might benefit from it. Each synthesis is an immediately useful docu- ment that records practices that were acceptable within the limitations of the knowledge available at the time of its preparation. New knowledge can be expected to be added to that which is now at hand and eventu- ally the synthesis may need to be updated or redone. The readers and users of the syntheses are in the best position to know when this has occurred. Whenever you believe that a synthesis should be updated, it would be appreciated if you would contact TRB and propose a synthesis update by contacting the ACRP Manager, Transportation Research Board, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington D.C. 20001. Studies in Progress and Planned for 2012 Work is currently under way on the topics listed in Table 1. Topics selected for the 2012 program are listed in Table 2. Questions on these topics should be addressed to the project study manager, Gail R. Staba, by e-mail at gstaba@nas.edu, or by phone at 202-334-2442, or the Synthesis Study Manager, Jon M. Williams, by e-mail at jwilliams@nas.edu, or by phone at 202-334-3245. Available Publications The syntheses of airport practice that have been completed under this project are listed in Table 3. 2 Table 1 ACRP SYNTHESIS STUDIES—In Progress as of December 2011 No. Title S02-06 Airport Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience S04-07 Lessons Learned from Airport Safety Management Systems Pilot Study S04-08 Managing Aerial Firefighting Activities on Airports S06-03 Exploring Airport Employee Commuting and Parking Strategies S09-03 Subsurface Utility Engineering Information Management for Airports S09-04 Issues with Use of Airfield LED Light Fixtures S10-07 Expediting Aircraft Recovery at Airports

Table 3 PUBLISHED ACRP SYNTHESES No. Title/Pages 1 Innovative Finance and Alternative Sources of Revenue for Airports (2007) 43 pp., $34 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_001.pdf 2 Airport Aviation Activity Forecasting (2007) 32 pp., $34 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_002.pdf 3 General Aviation Safety and Security Practices (2007) 44 pp., $44 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_003.pdf 4 Counting Aircraft Operations at Small and Non-towered Airports (2007) 33 pp., $44 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_004.pdf 5 Airport Ground Access Mode Choice Models (2008) 104 pp., $39 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_005.pdf 6 Impact of Airport Pavement Deicing Products on Aircraft and Airfield Infrastructure (2008) 58 pp., $42 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_006.pdf 7 Airport Economic Impact Methods and Models (2008) 67 pp., $45 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_007.pdf 8 Common Use Facilities and Equipment at Airports (2008) 121 pp., $52 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_008.pdf 9 Effects of Aircraft Noise: Research Update on Select Topics (2008) 90 pp., $50 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_009.pdf 10 Airport Sustainability Practices (2008) 112 pp., $52 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_010.pdf 11 Impact of Airport Rubber Removal Techniques on Runways (2008) 108 pp., $52 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_011.pdf 12 Preventing Aircraft–Vehicle Incidents During Winter Operations and Periods of Low Visibility (2008) 70 pp., $45 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_012.pdf 13 Effective Practices for Preparing Airport Improvement Program Benefit-Cost Analysis (2009) 65 pp., $43 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_013.pdf 14 Airport System Planning Practices (2009) 71 pp., $41 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_014.pdf 15 Identification of the Requirements and Training to Obtain Driving Privileges on Airfields (2009) 43 pp., $48 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_015.pdf 16 Compilation of Noise Programs in Areas Outside DNL 65 (2009) 104 pp., $51 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_016.pdf 17 Approaches to Integrating Airport Development and Federal Environmental Review Processes (2009) 34 pp., $38 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_017.pdf 18 Aviation Workforce Development Practices (2010) 36 pp., $39 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_018.pdf 19 Airport Revenue Diversification (2010) 55 pp., $41 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_019.pdf 20 Airport Terminal Facility Activation Techniques (2010) 127 pp., $58 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_020.pdf 21 Airport Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction (2010) 73 pp., $47 http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_021.pdf 22 Common Airport Pavement Maintenance Practices (2011) 103 pp., $54 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/165167.aspx 23 Bird Harassment, Repellent, and Deterrent Techniques for Use on and Near Airports (2011) 32 pp., $41 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/165829.aspx 24 Strategies and Financing Opportunities for Airport Environmental Programs (2011) 218 pp., $70 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/165852.aspx 25 Strategies for Reuse of Underutilized or Vacant Airport Facilities (2011) 62 pp., $46 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/166101.aspx 26 Current Airport Inspection Practices Regarding FOD (Foreign Object Debris/Damage) (2011) 86 pp., $54 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/165911.aspx (continued) 3

Copies of these syntheses can be obtained from the Publications Office, Transportation Research Board, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20001; by calling 202/334-3213; and through the Internet at: http://www.trb.org/bookstore. Please send check orders to: TRB, Dept. 289, Washington, DC 20055 or fax to: 202/334-2519. All ACRP re- ports are available as online publications (http://www. trb.org/Publications/Public/PubsACRPSynthesis Reports.aspx) and may be downloaded free of charge. Selection of Topics ACRP Project Panel A11-03 meets each year to select topics for study using funds from the upcoming fiscal year. The membership of this committee is given in Table 4. Current funding allows for initia- tion of about seven syntheses per year. These, plus some alternate topics, are selected by the committee at its annual project meeting. The schedule for ACRP Syntheses is as follows: • Solicitation for synthesis topics—July–August • Topic selection—October • Topic panel formation—December–January • Solicit letters of interest for authors—February • Topic panel meetings—February–March • Research Contract Start—April–May • Draft Synthesis Reports—September– November • Final Synthesis Reports—March–May • Publication—Summer The following factors are considered in the selec- tion process for synthesis topics: • The topic should address a problem that is wide- spread enough to generate broad interest in the synthesis. • The topic should be timely and critical with respect to safety, economic, or social impact. 4 27 Airport Self-Inspection Practices (2011) 111 pp., $54 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/166012.aspx 28 Investigating Safety Impacts of Energy Technologies on Airports and Aviation (2011) 39 pp., $41 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/166099.aspx 29 Ramp Safety Practices (2011) 59 pp., $46 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/166314.aspx 30 Airport Insurance Coverage and Risk Management Practices (2011) 51 pp., $43 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/166472.aspx 31 Airline and Airline–Airport Consortiums to Manage Terminals and Equipment (2011) 596 pp., $98 http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/166364.aspx Table 3 (Continued) No. Title/Pages Table 4 ACRP PROJECT PANEL A11-03 Name Affiliation Chair Julie Kenfield Jacobs Engineering, Inc. Member Randall P. Burdette Virginia Department of Aviation Member Kevin C. Dolliole Unison Consulting, Inc. Member Linda Howard Independent Aviation Consultant Member Arlyn Purcell Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Member Burr Stewart Burrst, Seattle, Washington Liaison Paul Devoti Federal Aviation Administration Liaison John L. Collins Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Liaison A.J. Muldoon ACI–North America TRB Liaison Christine Gerencher Transportation Research Board ACRP Synthesis Staff Gail R. Staba Transportation Research Board ACRP Staff Michael R. Salamone Transportation Research Board

• The topic is appropriate if current practice is nonuniform or inconsistent from agency to agency, or if the validity of some practices appears to be questionable. • The quality and quantity of useful available information should indicate a need to organize and compress that which has already been learned and written on the topic. • The topic should not be one where ongoing research or other activities in progress might be expected to render the synthesis obsolete shortly after completion. Each year more topics are suggested for the com- mittee’s consideration than can be programmed for study in Project A11-03. Nevertheless, the continued success of this project depends on a constant supply of worthy synthesis topics. The interest of those who have recommended topics is sincerely appreciated, and they are urged to continue. Candidate topics are suggested by members of the panel and by a vari- ety of other sources, including airport, airline, and state aviation personnel; FAA and TRB commit- tees; aviation organizations; and other practitioners and researchers. Conduct of the Studies Following the project panel’s selection of top- ics, studies are initiated in the order of priority assigned by the panel. A topic panel consisting of practitioners and researchers is formed for each topic. At its first meeting, this topic panel thoroughly discusses the topic, refines the scope, suggests sources of information, and identifies and selects po- tential topic consultants based on expressions of interest received in response to an industry-wide solicitation. Following this meeting, a consultant is hired to gather information on the topic, synthesize it, and draft a report. Typically, the agreement covers a pe- riod of six to seven months. Information gathering and preparation of the first draft of the synthesis re- port takes about four months. This draft is reviewed by the topic panel with the consultant, often at the second panel meeting. A revised draft is then pre- pared by the consultant. Subsequent drafts and meetings are scheduled, if needed, although this rarely occurs. After the staff is substantially satisfied with the re- port, a final draft is sent to members of the topic panel for their last chance to review the report and then ACRP Project Committee A11-03 for final approval. The report is subsequently published as an ACRP Synthesis of Airport Practice. Index of Topic Studies Table 5 is a key word index of published syn- theses. 5 Table 5 INDEX TO SYNTHESES AND STUDIES (2011) Access control 3 Aeronautical revenue 1, 19 Aircraft noise 9, 16 Airfield driving 12, 15 Airport access/egress 5, 15 Airport budgeting 22, 31 Airport construction 20, 21 Airport design 20, 21 Airport development environmental review 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 17, 21 Airport environment 10, 17, 21, 24 Airport facilities 25 Airport human resources 12, 15, 18, 20 Airport Improvement Program (AIP) 2, 13, 14, 24 Airport maintenance 11, 21, 22, 26 Airport management 23, 30, 31 Airport operations 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 Airport planning 14, 22, 28, 31 Airport system planning 14 Airport terminal facility activation 20 Aviation activity forecasting 2, 4, 5 Aviation noise abatement 16 Aviation operations 12, 28 Baggage 8 Benefit-cost 13 Capital financing 1, 21 Commercial development 1, 21, 25 Common Use 8, 19 Common Use Passenger Processing Systems (CUPPS) 8, 19 (continued)

6Table 5 (Continued) Common Use Self-Service (CUSS) 8, 19 Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) 9, 16 Consortiums 31 Contracting 31 Corrosion damage 6 Cost recovery 4, 19, 21, 25 Counting aircraft 4 Data collection 26, 29 Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL) 9, 16 Debris detection 26 Debris removal 26 Economic development 7, 10, 13, 19, 25 Economic impact 7, 25 Energy audit 10, 19, 21 Energy management system 10, 19, 21 Energy technologies 28 Environmental assessment 13, 17 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) 17 Environmental initiatives 24 Environmental practices 10, 11, 21 Facility activation 20 Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON) 9, 16 Financing 23 Foreign object debris/damage 26, 29 General aviation 1, 3, 4, 17, 19, 20, 21, 26 Ground service equipment 29 Infrastructure 6 Innovative finance 1 Inspection practices 26, 27 Low visibility 12 Management systems 8, 21, 22 Master plans 17 Mode choice/mode of transportation 5 Modeling 5, 7 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 9, 17, 24 National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) 2, 7, 13, 14 Noise 9, 16 Non-aeronautical revenue 1, 19 Passenger facility charge 1, 20 Passenger services 8, 19 Pavement 6, 22 Pavement deicing 6 Performance standards 31 Preservation, pavement 22 Privatization 1 Ramps 29 Rehabilitation, pavement 22 Reuse 25 Revenue 1, 13, 19, 25 Risk financing 30 Risk management 30 Rubber removal 11 Runway safety 3, 11, 12, 15, 23, 26 Safety 3, 11, 12, 15, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29 Safety management system 29 Schultz Curve 9 Security 3 Signage 8 Skid resistance 11 Sound Exposure Level (SEL) 9, 16 Sustainability 10, 14 Terminal area forecast 2 Training 3, 12, 15, 18, 20, 27, 29 Travel forecasting 2, 5, 13, 14 Vehicle-aircraft incidents 12 Voice over IP (VoIP) 8, 20 Waterblasting 11 Wildlife control 23 Winter operations 6, 12 Workforce development 3, 12, 15, 18, 20

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