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ACRP Report 60: Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting (2012)
Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)

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Johnson, Michael, Schenk, Donald, Miller, Bruno, Altman, Richard, Brand, Meghan, McDonald, Alan, Thompson, Terry, Driver, Judith, Leistritz, Larry, Leholm, Arlen, Hodur, Nancy, Plavin, David, Glassman, Diana, Anumakonda, Amar, Transportation Research Board. "Appendix K - Publicly Announced Aviation Alternative Fuel Projects." ACRP Report 60: Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012.

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Page
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Page
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Front Matter (R1-R9)
Purpose of the Handbook (1-1)
How to Use This Handbook (2-3)
1.2 What Is Driving the Interest in Alternative Jet Fuels? (4-5)
1.4 What Roles Can Airports Play in Alternative Fuel Projects? (6-6)
1.6 Resources for Further Information (7-7)
2.1 Safety and Drop-in Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuels (8-8)
2.2 Feedstocks for Producing Alternative Jet Fuels (9-14)
2.3 Technologies for Producing Alternative Jet Fuels (15-18)
2.4 Environmental Benefits of Alternative Jet Fuels (19-20)
2.5 Economic Benefits of Alternative Jet Fuels (21-21)
2.6.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (22-22)
2.6.3 Domestic and International Policies Related to Greenhouse Gas Reductions (23-23)
2.6.5 Federal Rules for Purchase of Alternative Fuels (24-24)
3.2 Alternative Jet Fuel Projects Evaluation Framework (25-25)
3.3 Stakeholder Analysis (26-26)
3.4 Initial Screening of Options (27-28)
3.5 Comparative Evaluation of Screened Options (29-29)
3.5.1 Regulatory (30-36)
3.5.2 Environmental (37-38)
3.5.3 Logistical (39-40)
3.5.4 Financial (41-42)
3.6 Suggested Next Steps (43-43)
4.1 What Are Some of the Potential Community Concerns About Alternative Jet Fuel? (44-44)
4.2 What Are Some Potential Concerns Regarding Production of Alternative Jet Fuel? (45-46)
4.3 What Are Some of the Potential Concerns Around the Storage, Handling, and Use of Alternative Jet Fuel? (47-47)
5.1 Supporting Material to Evaluate Potential Environmental Benefits of Alternative Jet Fuels (48-48)
5.2.1 Worksheet 1: Stakeholder Analysis (49-49)
5.2.2 Worksheet 2: Regulatory Considerations (50-52)
5.2.3 Worksheet 3: Energy Policy Considerations (53-55)
5.2.4 Worksheet 4: Logistical Considerations (56-56)
5.2.5 Worksheet 5: Financial Considerations (57-57)
5.2.6 Worksheet 6: Evaluation Summary (58-59)
6.3 Certification (60-61)
6.4 Feedstocks for Alternative Jet Fuels (62-63)
6.5 Production Technologies for Alternative Jet Fuels (64-64)
6.6 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Benefits (65-65)
6.8 Possible Economic Benefits of Regulation (66-66)
6.10 Regulatory Considerations (67-67)
6.11 Publicly Announced Alternative Jet Fuel Projects (68-68)
Appendices: Primer on Alternative Jet Fuels (69-69)
Appendix A - Introduction (70-70)
Appendix B - Certification and Drop-In Capability of Alternative Jet Fuels (71-72)
Appendix C - Feedstocks for Producing Alternative Jet Fuels (73-82)
Appendix D - Production Technologies for Alternative Jet Fuels (83-86)
Appendix E - Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Benefits (87-90)
Appendix F - Economic Benefits (91-92)
Appendix G - Possible Economic Implications of Regulation (93-95)
Appendix H - Financial Considerations (96-98)
Appendix I - Regulatory Considerations (99-109)
Appendix J - Transportation and Logistics of Alternative Fuels (110-110)
Appendix K - Publicly Announced Aviation Alternative Fuel Projects (111-112)
Glossary (113-114)
Acronyms and Abbreviations (115-117)
References (118-126)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (127-127)

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OCR for page 111
APPENDIX K Publicly Announced Aviation Alternative Fuel Projects There have been several announcements of alternative jet fuel projects. These early projects are important because they demonstrate interest from several different stakeholders, including airports, airlines, and fuel producers, in this technology. While it is expected that the number of announced projects will increase over time, following is a representative sample of the type of projects that have been announced. K.1 Rentech--Rialto In the summer of 2009, Rentech, Inc., and Aircraft Service International Group (ASIG) made an agreement with eight airlines to produce 1.5 million gallons of renewable synthetic diesel fuel (RenDiesel) to support ground service equipment at LAX (ATA 2009b). The airlines that have partnered with Rentech are Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Southwest Airlines, United Airlines, UPS Airlines, and US Airways. Production of RenDiesel is planned to begin in 2012 at a facility in Rialto, CA. Primary feedstock will be urban woody green waste such as yard clippings. K.2 Rentech--Natchez Under the Natchez Project, Rentech, Inc., has made a nonbinding memorandum of under- standing (MOU) with 13 airlines to produce 16,600 barrels of renewable synthetic jet fuel per day (Rentech 2010). The Natchez Project could potentially produce 400 million gallons of syn- thetic fuel per year. The airlines that have partnered with Rentech are Air Canada, AirTran Air- ways, American Airlines, Atlas Air, Delta Air Lines, FedEx Express, JetBlue Airways, Lufthansa German Airlines, Mexicana Airlines, Polar Air Cargo, United Airlines, UPS Airlines, and US Air- ways. The Natchez Project synthetic fuel production will be located at a 450-acre facility in Adams County, MS, near the city of Natchez. This facility will have access to many feedstocks, including petcoke and biomass, and several modes of distribution will be available. K.3 Altair Altair signed a MOU with 14 airlines to produce 75 million gallons of alternative jet fuel and diesel fuel per year (Heim 2009). The airlines that have partnered with Altair are Air Canada, American Airlines, Atlas Air, Delta Air Lines, FedEx Express, JetBlue Airways, Lufthansa Ger- man Airlines, Mexicana Airlines, Polar Air Cargo, United Airlines, UPS Airlines, US Airways, Alaska Airlines, and Hawaiian Airlines. Altair fuel production is planned to begin in the fourth 112

OCR for page 112
Publicly Announced Aviation Alternative Fuel Projects 113 quarter of 2012 at the Tesoro refinery in Anacortes, WA (ATA 2009a). Altair's bio-jet fuel will be blended with petroleum-based jet fuel at the Tesoro refinery and piped to Seattle­Tacoma International Airport for use in aircraft and heavy machinery. The primary feedstock will be Camelina oil. K.4 Solena Solena Group, Inc., has partnered with British Airways PLC to produce 16 million gallons of jet fuel and diesel fuel per year for 10 years (Solena Group 2010). The location of biofuel pro- duction is still undecided, but will potentially be near Dagenham in east London. Construction should begin in 2011, and production is scheduled to begin mid-2014. The facility will report- edly be a waste-to-biofuels plant, using feedstocks such as plastics, paper, and food leftovers. British Airways hopes to recruit other airlines into this venture.