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APPENDIX C
Example of Statutory Provisions Concerning Fare Evasion Enforcement
CALIFORNIA PENAL CODE SECTION 640: ACTS COMMITTED IN OR ON OR TRANSIT VEHICLES AND FACILITIES
640. (a) (1) Any of the acts described in paragraphs (1) to (5), inclusive, of subdivision (b) is an infraction punishable by a
fine not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars ($250) and by community service for a total time not to exceed 48 hours over a
period not to exceed 30 days, during a time other than during the violator's hours of school attendance or employment. Any
of the acts described in paragraphs (1) to (3), inclusive, of subdivision (c), upon a first or second violation, is an infraction
punishable by a fine not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars ($250) and by community service for a total time not to exceed
48 hours over a period not to exceed 30 days, during a time other than during the violator's hours of school attendance or
employment. A third or subsequent violation of any of the acts described in paragraphs (1) to (3), inclusive, of subdivision (c)
is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than four hundred dollars ($400) or by imprisonment in a county jail for a
period of not more than 90 days, or by both that fine and imprisonment. Any of the acts described in subdivision (d) shall be
punishable by a fine of not more than four hundred dollars ($400), by imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more
than 90 days, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(2) This section shall apply only to acts committed on or in a facility or vehicle of a public transportation system.
(b)(1) Eating or drinking in or on a system facility or vehicle in areas where those activities are prohibited by that
system.
(2) Disturbing another person by loud or unreasonable noise.
(3) Smoking in or on a system facility or vehicle in areas where those activities are prohibited by that system.
(4) Expectorating upon a system facility or vehicle.
(5) Skateboarding, roller skating, bicycle riding, roller blading, or operating a motorized scooter or similar device, as
defined in Section 407.5 of the Vehicle Code in a system facility, vehicle, or parking structure. This paragraph does
not apply to an activity that is necessary for utilization of the transit facility by a bicyclist, including, but not limited
to, an activity that is necessary for parking a bicycle or transporting a bicycle aboard a transit vehicle, if that activity
is conducted with the permission of the transit agency in a manner that does not interfere with the safety of the
bicyclist or other patrons of the transit facility.
(c) (1) Evasion of the payment of a fare of the system. For purposes of this section, fare evasion includes entering
an enclosed area of a public transit facility beyond posted signs prohibiting entrance without obtaining valid fare, in
addition to entering a transit vehicle without valid fare.
(2) Misuse of a transfer, pass, ticket, or token with the intent to evade the payment of a fare.
(3) (A) Unauthorized use of a discount ticket or failure to present, upon request from a transit system representative,
acceptable proof of eligibility to use a discount ticket, in accordance with Section 99155 of the Public Utilities Code
and posted system identification policies when entering or exiting a transit station or vehicle. Acceptable proof of
eligibility must be clearly defined in the posting.
(B) In the event that an eligible discount ticket user is not in possession of acceptable proof at the time of request,
any citation issued shall be held for a period of 72 hours to allow the user to produce acceptable proof. If the proof
is provided, the citation shall be voided. If the proof is not produced within that time period, the citation shall be
processed.
(d) (1) Willfully disturbing others on or in a system facility or vehicle by engaging in boisterous or unruly behavior.
(2) Carrying an explosive, acid, or flammable liquid in a public transit facility or vehicle.
(3) Urinating or defecating in a system facility or vehicle, except in a lavatory. However, this paragraph shall not
apply to a person who cannot comply with this paragraph as a result of a disability, age, or a medical condition.
(4) Willfully blocking the free movement of another person in a system facility or vehicle. This paragraph shall not
be interpreted to affect any lawful activities permitted or First Amendment rights protected under the laws of this
state or applicable federal law, including, but not limited to, laws related to collective bargaining, labor relations, or
labor disputes.
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(5) Willfully tampering with, removing, displacing, injuring, or destroying any part of any facility or vehicle of a
public transportation system.
(e) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the City and County of San Francisco, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan
Transportation Authority, the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, the Sacramento Regional Transit
District, Long Beach Transit, Foothill Transit, and the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District may enact and
enforce an ordinance providing that any of the acts described in subdivision (b) or (c) on or in a facility or vehicle
described in subdivision (a) for which the City and County of San Francisco, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan
Transportation Authority, the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, the Sacramento Regional Transit District,
Long Beach Transit, Foothill Transit, or the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District has jurisdiction shall be subject
only to an administrative penalty imposed and enforced in a civil proceeding. The ordinance for imposing and
enforcing the administrative penalty shall be governed by Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 99580) of Part 11 of
Division 10 of the Public Utilities Code and shall not apply to minors.
(f) For purposes of this section, a "facility or vehicle of a public transportation system" means any of the following:
(1) A facility or vehicle of a public transportation system as defined by Section 99211 of the Public Utilities Code.
(2) A facility of, or vehicle operated by any entity subsidized by, the Department of Transportation.
(3) A leased or rented facility or vehicle for which any of the entities described in paragraph (1) or (2) incurs costs of
cleanup, repair, or replacement as a result of any of those acts.
CALIFORNIA PUBLIC UTILITIES CODE - SECTION 99580-99582: CHAPTER 8. ADMINISTRATIVE ENFORCEMENT FOR
FARE EVASION AND PROHIBITED CONDUCTS
99580. (a) Pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 640 of the Penal Code, the City and County of San Francisco and the Los
Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority may enact and enforce an ordinance to impose and enforce an admin-
istrative penalty for any of the acts described in subdivision (b). The ordinance shall include the provisions of this chapter and
shall not apply to minors.
(b) (1) Evasion of the payment of a fare of the system.
(2) Misuse of a transfer, pass, ticket, or token with the intent to evade the payment of a fare.
(3) Playing sound equipment on or in a system facility or vehicle.
(4) Smoking, eating, or drinking in or on a system facility or vehicle in those areas where those activities are
prohibited by that system.
(5) Expectorating upon a system facility or vehicle.
(6) Willfully disturbing others on or in a system facility or vehicle by engaging in boisterous or unruly behavior.
(7) Carrying an explosive or acid, flammable liquid, or toxic or hazardous material in a system facility or vehicle.
(8) Urinating or defecating in a system facility or vehicle, except in a lavatory. However, this paragraph shall not
apply to a person who cannot comply with this paragraph as a result of a disability, age, or a medical condition.
(9) (A) Willfully blocking the free movement of another person in a system facility or vehicle.
(B) This paragraph shall not be interpreted to affect any lawful activities permitted or first amendment rights
protected under the laws of this state or applicable federal law, including, but not limited to, laws related to collective
bargaining, labor relations, or labor disputes.
(10) Skateboarding, roller skating, bicycle riding, or roller blading in a system facility, including a parking structure,
or in a system vehicle. This paragraph does not apply to an activity that is necessary for utilization of a system
facility by a bicyclist, including, but not limited to, an activity that is necessary for parking a bicycle or transporting
a bicycle aboard a system vehicle, if that activity is conducted with the permission of the agency of the system in a
manner that does not interfere with the safety of the bicyclist or other patrons of the system facility.
(11) (A) Unauthorized use of a discount ticket or failure to present, upon request from a system representative,
acceptable proof of eligibility to use a discount ticket, in accordance with Section 99155, and posted system
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identification policies when entering or exiting a system station or vehicle. Acceptable proof of eligibility must be
clearly defined in the posting.
(B) In the event that an eligible discount ticket user is not in possession of acceptable proof at the time of request, an
issued notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation shall be held for a period of 72 hours to allow the user to
produce acceptable proof. If the proof is provided, that notice shall be voided. If the proof is not produced within that
time period, that notice shall be processed.
(c) (1) The City and County of San Francisco and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
may contract with a private vendor for the processing of notices of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation, and
notices of delinquent fare evasion or passenger conduct violation pursuant to Section 99581.
(2) For the purpose of this chapter, "processing agency" means either of the following:
(A) The agency issuing the notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation and the notice of delinquent fare
evasion or passenger conduct violation.
(B) The party responsible for processing the notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation and the notice of
delinquent violation, if a contract is entered into pursuant to paragraph (1).
(3) For the purpose of this chapter, "fare evasion or passenger conduct violation penalty" includes, but is not
limited to, a late payment penalty, administrative fee, fine, assessment, and costs of collection as provided for in the
ordinance.
(4) All fare evasion and passenger conduct violation penalties collected by the processing agency in the City and
County of San Francisco shall be deposited to the general fund of the City and County of San Francisco.
(5) All fare evasion and passenger conduct violation penalties collected by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan
Transportation Authority shall be deposited in the general fund of the County of Los Angeles.
(d) (1) If a fare evasion or passenger conduct violation is observed by a person authorized to enforce the ordinance, a
notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation shall be issued. The notice shall set forth the violation, including
reference to the ordinance setting forth the administrative penalty, the date of the violation, the approximate time,
and the location where the violation occurred. The notice shall include a printed statement indicating the date
payment is required to be made, and the procedure for contesting the notice. The notice shall be served by personal
service upon the violator. The notice, or copy of the notice, shall be considered a record kept in the ordinary course of
business of the issuing agency and the processing agency, and shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained in
the notice establishing a rebuttable presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence.
(2) When a notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation has been served, the person issuing the notice shall
file the notice with the processing agency.
(3) If a person contests a notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation, the issuing agency shall proceed in
accordance with Section 99581.
99581. (a) For a period of 21 calendar days from the issuance to a person of the notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct vio-
lation, the person may request an initial review of the violation by the issuing agency. The request may be made by telephone,
in writing, or in person. There shall be no charge for this review. If, following the initial review, the issuing agency is satisfied
that the violation did not occur or that extenuating circumstances make dismissal of the administrative penalty appropriate
in the interest of justice, the issuing agency shall cancel the notice. The issuing agency shall advise the processing agency, if
any, of the cancellation. The issuing agency or the processing agency shall mail the results of the initial review to the person
contesting the notice.
(b) If the person is dissatisfied with the results of the initial review, the person may request an administrative hearing
of the violation no later than 21 calendar days following the mailing of the results of the issuing agency's initial
review. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, or in person. The person requesting an administrative
hearing shall deposit with the processing agency the amount due under the notice for which the administrative
hearing is requested. The issuing agency shall provide a written procedure to allow a person to request an
administrative hearing without payment of the amount due upon satisfactory proof of an inability to pay the
amount due. Notice of this procedure shall be provided to all persons requesting an administrative hearing. An
administrative hearing shall be held within 90 calendar days following the receipt of a request for an administrative
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hearing, excluding time tolled pursuant to this chapter. The person requesting the hearing may request one
continuance, not to exceed 21 calendar days.
(c) The administrative hearing process shall include all of the following:
(1) The person requesting a hearing shall have the choice of a hearing by mail or in person. An in-person hearing
shall be conducted within the jurisdiction of the issuing agency. If an issuing agency contracts with a private vendor
pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 99580, hearings shall be held within the jurisdiction of the
issuing agency.
(2) The administrative hearing shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures established by the issuing
agency and approved by the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency. The hearing shall
provide an independent, objective, fair, and impartial review of contested violations.
(3) The administrative review shall be conducted before a hearing officer designated to conduct the review by the
issuing agency's governing body or chief executive officer. In addition to any other requirements of employment, a
hearing officer shall demonstrate those qualifications, training, and objectivity prescribed by the issuing agency's
governing body or chief executive as are necessary and which are consistent with the duties and responsibilities
set forth in this chapter. The hearing officer's continued employment, performance evaluation, compensation,
and benefits shall not be directly or indirectly linked to the amount of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation
penalties imposed by the hearing officer.
(4) The person who issued the notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation shall not be required to
participate in an administrative hearing. The issuing agency shall not be required to produce any evidence other than
the notice of fare evasion or passenger conduct violation. The documentation in proper form shall be prima facie
evidence of the violation pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Section 99580.
(5) The hearing officer's decision following the administrative hearing may be personally delivered to the person by
the hearing officer or sent by first-class mail.
(6) Following a determination by the hearing officer that a person committed the violation, the hearing officer
may allow payment of the fare evasion or passenger conduct penalty in installments or deferred payment if the
person provides satisfactory evidence of an inability to pay the fare evasion or passenger conduct penalty in full. If
authorized by the issuing agency, the hearing officer may permit the performance of community service in lieu of
payment of the fare evasion or passenger conduct penalty.
99582. (a) Within 30 calendar days after the mailing or personal delivery of the decision described in subdivision (c) of Sec-
tion 99581, the person may seek review by filing an appeal to be heard by the superior court where the same shall be heard de
novo, except that the contents of the processing agency's file in the case shall be received in evidence. A copy of the notice of
fare evasion or passenger conduct violation shall be admitted into evidence as prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein
establishing a rebuttable presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence. A copy of the notice of appeal shall be
served in person or by first-class mail upon the processing agency by the person filing the appeal. For purposes of computing
the 30-calendar-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable. A proceeding under this subdivi-
sion is a limited civil case.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the fee for filing the notice of appeal shall be as provided in Section
70615 of the Government Code. The court shall request that the processing agency's file on the case be forwarded to
the court, to be received within 15 calendar days of the request. The court shall notify the appellant of the appearance
date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee regardless of the outcome of the appeal. If the court
finds in favor of the appellant, the amount of the filing fee shall be reimbursed to the appellant by the processing
agency. Any deposit of fare evasion or passenger conduct penalty shall be refunded by the processing agency in
accordance with the judgment of the court.
(c) The conduct of the appeal under this section is a subordinate judicial duty that may be performed by a
commissioner and other subordinate judicial officers at the direction of the presiding judge of the court.
(d) If a notice of appeal of the processing agency's decision described in subdivision (c) of Section 99581 is not filed
within the period set forth in subdivision (a), that decision shall be deemed final.
