• TCRP Synthesis 96 Off-Board Fare Payment Using Proof-of-Payment Verification 1-1

• Transportation Research Board 2011 Executive Committee 2-2

• Off-Board Fare Payment Using Proof-of-Payment Verification 3-3

• Transit Cooperative Research Program 4-4

• The National Academies 5-5

• TCRP Committee for Project J-7 6-6

• Preface 7-8

• Contents 9-10

• Summary 11-14

• Study Process and Technical Approach 15-17

• Report Organization 18-19

• Experiences with Proof-of-Payment Implementation 20-20

• Measuring Fare Evasion 21-21

• Managing Proof-of-Payment Within the Transit Organization 22-22

• Fare Collection and Fare Evasion in the Media 23-23

• Organizational and Personnel Aspects of the Fare Enforcement Function 24-24

• Monitoring and Inspecting for Fare Payment 25-25

• Measuring Performance 26-30

• Legal Aspects and Adjudication 31-32

• Proof-of-Payment Fare Collection Operations 33-34

• Fare Media and Fare Purchase Options 35-35

• Ticket Vending Machines 36-36

• Transit Industry Pulse Regarding Proof-of-Payment Fare Collection 37-38

• Buffalo, New York - Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA) 39-42

• Dallas, Texas - Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) 43-47

• Los Angeles, California - Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA METRO) 48-54

• Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota - Metro Transit 55-60

• New York City, New York - New York City Transit (NYCT) 61-65

• Phoenix Arizona - Valley Metro Rail, Inc. (METRO LIGHT RAIL) 66-70

• San Francisco, California - San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA, MUNI) 71-78

• Summary of Case Study Operators 79-81

• Summary: Survey of Proof-of-Payment Operators 82-82

• Summary: Common Practices from Case Studies 83-83

• Suggestions for Additional Research 84-85

• ACRONYMS 86-87

• REFERENCES 88-89

• BIBLIOGRAPHY 90-91

• APPENDIX A - Survey Instrument 92-105

• APPENDIX B - Participating Agencies 106-107

• APPENDIX C - Example of Statutory Provisions Concerning Fare Evasion Enforcement 108-111

• APPENDIX D - Example Performance Report 112-112

• APPENDIX E - Example of a Manual and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 113-126

• APPENDIX F - Example of Enforcement/Inspector Job Description 127-127

• Cover3 128-128

• Cover4 129-129

Larwin, Thomas F, Koprowski, Yung, Transportation Research Board " Measuring Performance ." TCRP Synthesis 96: Off-Board Fare Payment Using Proof-of-Payment Verification . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012 .

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