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TCRP Synthesis 96: Off-Board Fare Payment Using Proof-of-Payment Verification (2012)
Transit Cooperative Research Program Synthesis Program (TCRPSYNTH)

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Larwin, Thomas F, Koprowski, Yung, Transportation Research Board. "TCRP Committee for Project J-7." TCRP Synthesis 96: Off-Board Fare Payment Using Proof-of-Payment Verification. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012.

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TCRP Synthesis 96 Off-Board Fare Payment Using Proof-of-Payment Verification (1-1)
Transportation Research Board 2011 Executive Committee (2-2)
Off-Board Fare Payment Using Proof-of-Payment Verification (3-3)
Transit Cooperative Research Program (4-4)
The National Academies (5-5)
TCRP Committee for Project J-7 (6-6)
Preface (7-8)
Contents (9-10)
Summary (11-14)
Study Process and Technical Approach (15-17)
Report Organization (18-19)
Experiences with Proof-of-Payment Implementation (20-20)
Measuring Fare Evasion (21-21)
Managing Proof-of-Payment Within the Transit Organization (22-22)
Fare Collection and Fare Evasion in the Media (23-23)
Organizational and Personnel Aspects of the Fare Enforcement Function (24-24)
Monitoring and Inspecting for Fare Payment (25-25)
Measuring Performance (26-30)
Legal Aspects and Adjudication (31-32)
Proof-of-Payment Fare Collection Operations (33-34)
Fare Media and Fare Purchase Options (35-35)
Ticket Vending Machines (36-36)
Transit Industry Pulse Regarding Proof-of-Payment Fare Collection (37-38)
Buffalo, New York - Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA) (39-42)
Dallas, Texas - Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) (43-47)
Los Angeles, California - Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA METRO) (48-54)
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota - Metro Transit (55-60)
New York City, New York - New York City Transit (NYCT) (61-65)
Phoenix Arizona - Valley Metro Rail, Inc. (METRO LIGHT RAIL) (66-70)
San Francisco, California - San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA, MUNI) (71-78)
Summary of Case Study Operators (79-81)
Summary: Survey of Proof-of-Payment Operators (82-82)
Summary: Common Practices from Case Studies (83-83)
Suggestions for Additional Research (84-85)
ACRONYMS (86-87)
REFERENCES (88-89)
BIBLIOGRAPHY (90-91)
APPENDIX A - Survey Instrument (92-105)
APPENDIX B - Participating Agencies (106-107)
APPENDIX C - Example of Statutory Provisions Concerning Fare Evasion Enforcement (108-111)
APPENDIX D - Example Performance Report (112-112)
APPENDIX E - Example of a Manual and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (113-126)
APPENDIX F - Example of Enforcement/Inspector Job Description (127-127)
Cover3 (128-128)
Cover4 (129-129)

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TCRP COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT J-7 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, Director, Cooperative CHAIR Research Programs DWIGHT A. FERRELL CRAWFORD F. JENCKS, Deputy Director, Cooperative Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA Research Programs GWEN CHISHOLM SMITH, Senior Program Officer MEMBERS EILEEN P. DELANEY, Director of Publications DEBRA W. ALEXANDER Capital Area Transportation Authority, Lansing, MI SYNTHESIS STUDIES STAFF DONNA DeMARTINO STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and San Joaquin Regional Transit District, Stockton, CA Special Programs MARK W. FUHRMANN JON M. WILLIAMS, Program Director, IDEA and Metro Transit--Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN Synthesis Studies ROBERT H. IRWIN JO ALLEN GAUSE, Senior Program Officer GAIL R. STABA, Senior Program Officer Consultant, Sooke, BC, Canada DONNA L. VLASAK, Senior Program Officer JEANNE KRIEG DON TIPPMAN, Senior Editor Eastern Contra Costa Transit Authority, Antioch, CA CHERYL KEITH, Senior Program Assistant PAUL J. LARROUSSE DEMISHA WILLIAMS, Senior Program Assistant National Transit Institute, New Brunswick, NJ DEBBIE IRVIN, Program Associate DAVID A. LEE Connecticut Transit, Hartford, CT TOPIC PANEL FRANK T. MARTIN DAVID A. LEE, Connecticut Transit, Hartford, CT Atkins, Tallahassee, FL JASON LEE, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency BRADFORD J. MILLER PAUL O'BRIEN, Utah Transit Authority, Midvale Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority (PSTA), St. Petersburg, FL TED OROSZ, MTA New York City Transit HAYWARD M. SEYMORE, III THOMAS RANDALL, Metro Transit­Minneapolis/St. Paul Kitsap Transit, Bremerton, WA JENNIFER A. ROSALES, Transportation Research Board FRANK TOBEY DOROTHY M. SCHULZ, Interactive Elements, Inc., First Transit, Inc., Moscow, TN New York, NY GREGORY L. THOMPSON, Florida State University--Dept. of PAM WARD Urban and Regional Planning, Tallahassee Consultant, Ottumwa, IA PATRICK CENTOLANZI, Federal Transit Administration (Liaison) FTA LIAISON CHRISTOPHER PANGILINAN, Research and Innovative MICHAEL BALTES Technology Administration, U.S. DOT (Liaison) Federal Transit Administration JARRETT STOLTZFUS Federal Transit Administration APTA LIAISON KEVIN DOW American Public Transportation Association TRB LIAISON JENNIFER A. ROSALES Transportation Research Board Cover Figure: Phoenix Valley METRO light rail special event fare inspection shown using temporary queuing bar- riers (Courtesy: Phoenix Valley METRO).