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20 Guidebook for Understanding Urban Goods Movement
safety-related risks to performance. For these reasons, proper design of the physical layout of
gas stations is crucial. The ideal station configuration places storage tank delivery access as far
away as possible from the retail pumps, and facility ingress is separated from egress, so a deliv-
ery truck does not need to back up while surrounded by automobiles or other traffic. Older
stations in urban markets may lack these features. Access restrictions typically concern noise
and time of day. Although stores usually accept delivery 24 hours a day, there can be neigh-
borhood delivery limitations at night or during rush hour. Greater flexibility for delivery win-
dows results in better service, because the system already functions under tight constraints.
Case Illustration 3: Apparel Retail Supply Chain
Overview
Within the U.S. clothing store industry, the very large apparel companies, each encompassing
some specialty brands, account for a dominant share of the total market. Each individual specialty
brand can have a national chain of retail locations, sometimes numbering in the hundreds. The
products of each specialty brand also often are available for catalog and online purchase. Much of
the apparel sold by these companies is manufactured overseas and transported to the United States
by either ocean container or aircraft. After arrival in the United States, shipments are transferred to
a container freight station, cleared through customs, and sorted into truck deliveries bound for
regional DCs. From these DCs, product is transported by outbound truck either to specific retail
locations or, in the case of online or catalog orders, directly to the consumer. Delivery is a multi-stop
trip to stores, or to a mixture of commercial and residential locations. See Exhibit 3-3.
Exhibit 3-3. Apparel flowchart.
18 Wheeler Small Truck Aircraft Intermodal Rail
