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14 · Epoxy-with-sand prime coat applied to the concrete appropriate maintenance. The contractor is required to war- deck after cleaning with abrasives. rant the deck protection system for 5 years. The prefabricated bitumen sheets are heated with an open In France, the scanning review reported that all bridges flame, partially melting them, to bond them to the epoxy- received waterproofing consisting of mastic asphalt, either primed concrete bridge deck and to other overlapping sheets. epoxy or polyurethane resins, a proprietary system of prefab- The system is expected to provide a 30-year service life with ricated sheets, or a proprietary system (13). Two types of mas- Percentage Response FIGURE 7 Standard details available for the installation of waterproofing membranes. a. Installing waterproofing membranes b. Terminating edges of membranes c. Curb details for membranes d.Concrete barrier details for use with membranes e. Over construction joints f. At expansion joints
15 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) FIGURE 8 Examples of details provided in standard drawings: (a) Composite deck, (b) Noncomposite deck, (c) Detail A, (d) Legend, (e) Drain pipe detail [Source : Alberta Transportation].
16 Percentage Response FIGURE 9 Products used in conjunction with waterproofing membranes. a. Primers applied to the concrete b. Venting layers c. Separate adhesives to bond the membrane d. Seepage layers e. Protection board f. Tack coat g.Other tic asphalt were used. One type consisted of an 8-mm (0.3-in.) in Japan and the use of liquid membranes and preformed thick layer of naturally occurring bituminous limestone mixed sheet membranes in South Korea (14). This report did not with refined bitumen applied over a dry surface primed with a provide details of these systems. tack coat. The system was topped with a 22-mm (0.9-in.) thick layer of asphalt mixed with gravel. The other type consisted of A 2003 scanning study recommended a research project a layer of 4-mm (0.2-in.) thick polymer asphalt mastic followed to study the success of waterproofing measures for protect- by a 26-mm (1-in.) thick layer of asphalt and gravel. The sheets ing reinforced concrete members (15). were similar to those used in Denmark and consisted of poly- mer-modified bitumen reinforced with nonwoven polyester. A 2004 scanning study identified the use of a multiple- level corrosion protection system in Germany (16 ). The sys- The scanning review also reported on a proprietary sys- tem shown in Figure 10 consists of the following layers of tem that consisted of the following from top to bottom (13): material from top to bottom: · Layer of slate flakes to protect the membrane, · Asphalt wearing surface: 35- to 40-mm (1.4- to 1.6-in.), · 2-mm (0.1-in.) thick membrane of asphalt, · Asphalt protective layer: 35- to 40-mm (1.4- to 1.6-in.), · 15- to 30-mm (0.6 to 1.5-in.) thick layer of bitumen, and · Bituminous fabric sheet material welded to the concrete · Elastomer-modified emulsion. deck by heat and pressure: 4.5-to 8-mm (0.18- to 0.31-in.), · Epoxy-coating primer, and A 1997 scanning review of Asian bridge structures iden- · Concrete cover to the steel reinforcement: 40-mm tified the use of a waterproofing membrane below the asphalt (1.6-in.).
