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Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
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Acronyms

AAP

Army ammunition plant

ACL

Alternate concentration limit

ANAD

Anniston Army depot

AEC

Army Environmental Command

AFB

Air Force Base

ARAR

Applicable or relevant and appropriate requirement

ASM

Adaptive site management

ASR

Aquifer storage and recovery

AS

Air sparging

 
BRAC

Base realignment and closure

BTEX

benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene

 
CCL

Contaminant Candidate List

CERCLA

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

CERCLIS

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System

CSIA

Compound-specific isotope analysis

CSM

Conceptual site model

CVOC

Chlorinated volatile organic compound

 
DCA

Dichloroethane

DCE

Dichloroethene

DERP

Defense Environmental Restoration Program

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
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DNAPL

Dense nonaqueous phase liquid

DoD

U.S. Department of Defense

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

DOI

U.S. Department of the Interior

 
ERH

Electrical resistance heating

EPA

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ESD

Explanation of Significant Differences

ESTCP

Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

 
FUDS

Formerly used defense sites

FUSRAP

Formerly Used Sites Remedial Action Program

 
GAC

Granular activated carbon

GAO

Government Accountability Office

GW

Groundwater

 
HRS

Hazard Ranking System

HVOC

Halogenated volatile organic compound

 
IC

Institutional control

IRP

Installation Restoration Program

ISB

In situ bioremediation

ISCO

In situ chemical oxidation

ISTD

In situ thermal desorption

ITRC

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council

 
LNAPL

Light nonaqueous phase liquid

LSRP

Licensed Site Remediation Professional

LTM

Long-term monitoring

LTMO

Long-term monitoring optimization

LUST

Leaking underground storage tank

 
MCL

Maximum contaminant level

MCLG

Maximum contaminant level goal

MEP

Maximum extent practicable

MMRP

Military Munitions Response Program

MNA

Monitored natural attenuation

MTBE

Methyl tert-butyl ether

 
NA

Natural attenuation

NAPL

Nonaqueous phase liquid

NAS

Naval Air Station

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
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NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NCP

National Contingency Plan

NFESC

Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center

NPL

National Priorities List

NRC

National Research Council

NRD

Natural resource damage

NSF

National Science Foundation

 
OMB

Office of Management and Budget

O&M

Operation and maintenance

OSWER

EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

OU

Operational unit

OUST

Office of Underground Storage Tanks

 
PAH

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PCB

Polychlorinated biphenyl

PCE

Perchloroethylene or tetrachloroethene

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

POC

Point of compliance

PRB

Permeable reactive barrier

PRP

Potentially responsible party

P&T

Pump and treat

 
RAB

Restoration Advisory Board

RAGS

Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund

RAO

Remedial action objective

RC

Response complete

RCRA

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

R&D

Research and development

RD/RA

Remedial Design/Remedial Action

RfC

Reference concentration

RFH

Radio frequency heating

RIP

Remedy in place

RI/FS

Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

ROD

Record of Decision

RPM

Remedial project manager

RSE

Remedial system evaluation

 
SARA

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

SCM

Site conceptual model

SCRD

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners

SDWA

Safe Drinking Water Act

SEAR

Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
×
SEE

Steam enhanced extraction

SERDP

Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program

STAR

Self-sustaining treatment for active remediation

SVE

Soil vapor extraction

SVOC

Semivolatile organic compound

SWMU

Solid waste management unit

 
TAG

Technical assistance grant

TCA

Trichloroethane

TCE

Trichloroethene

TEA

Terminal electron acceptor

TI

Technical Impracticability

TSCA

Toxic Substances Control Act

 
USACE

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

USGS

U.S. Geological Survey

UST

Underground storage tank

UU/UE

Unlimited use and unrestricted exposure

 
VC

Vinyl chloride

VCP

Voluntary cleanup program

VI

Vapor intrusion

VOC

Volatile organic compound

 
ZVI

Zero-valent iron

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
×
Page 285
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
×
Page 286
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
×
Page 287
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2013. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14668.
×
Page 288
Next: Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff »
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Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater.

Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.

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