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SUMMARY OF MAJOR TRENDS 37 DOCTORAL INSTITUTION GROWTH PATTERNS: R&D EXPENDITURES An index of total and federal funding of R&D within doctoral institutions reveals a pattern of strong growth during the 1950s and 1960s, little or no growth in the 1970s, and strong increases in the 1980s. Figure 2-5: Index of Doctoral Institution Total and Federal R&D Funds NOTE: Index based on financial data computed in 1988 constant dollars. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Total R&D Funds include all current-fund expenditures within doctoral institutions for all research and development activities that are separately budgeted and accounted for. This includes both sponsored research activities (sponsored by federal and non-federal agencies and organizations) and university research separately budgeted under an internal application of institutional funds; and excludes training, public service, demonstration projects, and departmental research separately budgeted and FFRDCs. Federal R&D Funds include grants and contracts by agencies of the federal government for R&D (including direct and reimbursed indirect costs) made to doctoral institutions; excludes funds for FFRDCs. Doctoral institutions are institutions that have granted an average of 10 or more Ph.D. degrees per year in the natural sciences or engineering over the past two decades. They include 116 public and 69 private institutions. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis. Database: CASPAR. Some of the data within this data base are estimates, incorporated where there are discontinuities within data series or gaps in data collection. Primary data source: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Studies, Survey of Scientific and Engineering Expenditures at Universities and Colleges.
