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Appendix A
Committee Member and
Staff Biographies
John D. Steinbruner (Chair) is professor of public policy at the School
of Public Policy at the University of Maryland and director of the Center
for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM). His work
has focused on issues of international security and related problems of
international policy. Steinbruner was director of the Foreign Policy Studies
Program at the Brookings Institution from 1978 to 1996. Prior to join-
ing Brookings, he was an associate professor in the School of Organiza-
tion and Management and in the Department of Political Science at Yale
University from 1976 to 1978. From 1973 to 1976 he served as associate
professor of public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government
at Harvard University, where he also was assistant director of the Pro-
gram for Science and International Affairs. He was assistant professor
of government at Harvard from 1969 to 1973 and assistant professor of
political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1968 to
1969. Steinbruner has authored and edited a number of books and mono-
graphs, including The Cybernetic Theory of Decision: New Dimensions of
Political Analysis (Princeton University Press, 1974, 2002), Principles of
Global Security (Brookings Institution Press, 2000), and A New Concept
of Cooperative Security, co-authored with Ashton B. Carter and William J.
Perry ( rookings Occasional Papers, 1992). His articles have appeared in
B
Arms Control Today, The Brookings Review, Daedalus, Foreign Affairs,
Foreign Policy, International Security, Scientific American, Washington
Quarterly, and other journals. Steinbruner is currently co-chair of the Com-
mittee on International Security Studies of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences, chairman of the Board of the Arms Control Association, and
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180 CLIMATE AND SOCIAL STRESS
board member of the Financial Services Volunteer Corps. He is a fellow of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the Council
on Foreign Relations. From 1981 to 2004 he was a member of the Commit-
tee on International Security and Arms Control of the National Academy
of Sciences, serving as vice chair from 1996 to 2004. He was a member
of the Defense Policy Board of the Department of Defense from 1993 to
1997. Born in 1941 in Denver, Colorado, Steinbruner received his A.B.
from Stanford University in 1963 and his Ph.D. in political science from
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1968.
Otis B. Brown’s specialties are Earth satellite observations, development
of quantitative methods for the processing and use of satellite remotely
sensed observations to study Earth system processes, and the develop-
ment and application of new approaches to study climate variability and
stakeholder engagement. His current research interests are observing sys-
tems, climate change impacts, adaptation strategies, and private-sector
engagement. Brown served as dean of the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science for 14 years, while being at the
university for more than 40 years. He received the University of Miami
Presidents Medal in honor of his outstanding leadership and distinguished
accomplishments in his field of expertise as well as for his contributions to
society. Brown holds a Ph.D. degree in physics, with a specialty in under-
water optics, from the University of Miami; a master of science degree in
theoretical physics from the University of Miami; and a bachelor of science
degree in physics from North Carolina State University. Brown is a research
professor at North Carolina State University.
Antonio J. Busalacchi, Jr., is the director of the Earth System Science Inter
disciplinary Center (ESSIC) and a professor in the Department of Atmo-
spheric and Oceanic Science. Busalacchi joined ESSIC in 2000 after serving
as chief of the NASA/Goddard Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes. He
has studied tropical ocean circulation and its role in the coupled climate
system. His interests include the study of climate variability and prediction,
tropical ocean modeling, ocean remote sensing, and data assimilation. His
research in these areas has supported a range of international and national
research programs dealing with global change and climate, particularly as
affected by the oceans. From 1989 to 1996 he served on the National Acad-
emy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) Tropical Ocean
Global Atmosphere Advisory Panel and from 1991 to 1993 he was a mem-
ber of the NAS/NRC Panel on Ocean Atmosphere Observations Supporting
Short-Term Climate Predictions. From 1999 to 2006 he served as co-
chairman of the Scientific Steering Group for the World Climate Research
Programme on Climate Variability and Predictability ( LIVAR). From
C
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APPENDIX A 181
2003 to 2008 he served as chairman of the NAS/NRC Climate Research
Committee and from 2007 to 2008 as chair of the NAS/NRC Committee
on Earth Science and Application: Ensuring the Climate Measurements
from the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environ ental Satellite and
m
the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series Programs.
Presently, he serves as chair of the Joint Scientific Committee for the World
Climate Research Programme and chair of the NAS/NRC Board on At-
mospheric Sciences and Climate. He is a fellow of the American Meteoro-
logical Society (AMS), American Geophysical Union, and in 2006 he was
selected by the AMS to be the Walter Orr Roberts Interdisciplinary Science
Lecturer. He received his Ph.D. in oceanography from Florida State Uni-
versity in 1982.
David Easterling is currently chief of the Scientific Services Division at Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Climatic Data
Center in Asheville, North Carolina. He served as an assistant professor in
the Climate and Meteorology Program, Department of Geography, Indiana
University–Bloomington from 1987 to 1990. In 1990 he moved to the Na-
tional Climatic Data Center as a research scientist, was appointed principal
scientist in 1999, and chief of scientific services in 2002. He has authored
or co-authored more than 60 research articles in journals such as Science,
Nature, and the Journal of Climate. Easterling was also a contributor to
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Second and Third
Assessment Reports, and a lead author for the IPCC Fourth Assessment
Report. He was a convening lead author for the U.S. Climate Change Sci-
ence Plan Synthesis and Assessment Product on Climate Extremes and is
a lead author of the chapter on the natural physical environment of the
IPCC Special Report on Extreme Events. His research interests include the
detection of climate change in the observed record, particularly changes in
extreme climate events. He received his Ph.D. from the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1987.
Kristie L. Ebi is a consulting professor in the Department of Medicine at
Stanford University and an independent consultant. She conducts research
on the impacts of and adaptation to climate change, including on extreme
events, thermal stress, food-borne safety and security, and vector-borne
diseases. Her work focuses on understanding sources of vulnerability and
designing adaptation policies and measures to reduce the health risks of
climate change in a multi-stressor environment, including identifying in-
dicators to measure changes in resilience and effectiveness of adaptation
options. She has worked with the World Health Organization, the United
Nations Development Programme, the U.S. Agency for International De-
velopment, and others on assessing vulnerability and implementing adap-
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182 CLIMATE AND SOCIAL STRESS
tation measures in Central America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
She facilitated adaptation assessments for the health sector for the states of
Maryland and Alaska. She was a coordinating lead author or lead author
for the human health assessment for SAP4.6, the first U.S. National As-
sessment, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment, and the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and
Technology for Development. Ebi’s scientific training includes an M.S. in
toxicology and a Ph.D. and a master of public health degree in epidemi-
ology, and two years of postgraduate research at the London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. She has edited four books on aspects
of climate change and has more than 100 publications.
Thomas Fingar is the Oksenberg-Rohlen Distinguished Fellow and a senior
scholar at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford
University. From May 2005 through December 2008 he served as the first
deputy director of National Intelligence for Analysis and, concurrently, as
chairman of the National Intelligence Council. Fingar served previously
as assistant secretary of the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and
Research (2004–2005), principal deputy assistant secretary (2001–2003),
deputy assistant secretary for analysis (1994–2000), director of the Office
of Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific (1989–1994), and chief of the
China Division (1986–1989). Between 1975 and 1986 he held a number of
positions at Stanford University, including senior research associate in the
Center for International Security and Arms Control. Fingar is a graduate
of Cornell University (A.B. in government and history, 1968) and Stanford
University (M.A., 1969, and Ph.D., 1977, both in political science).
Leon Fuerth is the former national security adviser to Vice President Al
Gore and the founding director of the Project on Forward Engagement. As
the Vice President’s national security advisor, he served on the Principals’
Committee of the National Security Council alongside the secretary of state,
the secretary of defense, and the President’s own national security adviser.
Fuerth organized and managed five bi-national commissions with Russia,
South Africa, Egypt, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. Before beginning his work
on Capitol Hill in 1979, he spent 11 years as a foreign service officer, serv-
ing in such places as the U.S. consulate in Zagreb and the state department.
In 2001 Fuerth founded the Project on Forward Engagement to explore
methods for incorporating systematic foresight into the policy process.
The project focuses on developing “anticipatory governance,” a system of
systems to (a) integrate foresight and policy, (b) network across governance,
and (c) rapidly apply learning to policy and operations. The project is based
out of the Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington
University, where Fuerth holds an appointment as a research professor, and
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APPENDIX A 183
also operates at the National Defense University, where he is appointed as a
distinguished research fellow. He holds a bachelor’s degree in English and a
master’s degree in history from New York University, as well as a master’s
degree in public administration from Harvard University.
Sherri Goodman is senior vice president, general counsel, and corporate
secretary of CNA and serves as executive director of CNA’s Military Advi-
sory Board. Goodman is an internationally recognized authority on energy,
climate change, and national security, having led the projects by CNA’s
Military Advisory Board on National Security and the Threat of Climate
Change (2007) and Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to
National Security. From 1993 to 2001 Goodman was deputy undersecre-
tary of defense (environmental security), serving as the chief environmental,
safety, and occupational health officer for the Department of Defense. In
this position she was responsible for more than $5 billion in annual defense
spending, including programs on energy efficiency and climate change,
cleanup at active and closing bases, compliance with environmental laws,
environmental cooperation with foreign militaries, and conservation of nat-
ural and cultural resources. Goodman received a J.D. cum laude from the
Harvard Law School and a master’s degree in public policy from Harvard’s
John F. Kennedy School of Government. She received her B.A. summa cum
laude from Amherst College.
Jo L. Husbands is a scholar and senior project director with the Board on
Life Sciences of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS), where she
manages studies and projects to help mitigate the risks of the misuse of sci-
entific research for biological weapons or bioterrorism. She also represents
the NAS on the Biosecurity Working Group of the IAP, the global network
of science academies, which also includes the academies of China, Cuba,
Nigeria, Poland, and the United Kingdom. From 1991 to 2005 she was di-
rector of the NAS Committee on International Security and Arms Control
(CISAC) and its Working Group on Biological Weapons Control. Before
joining the National Academies, she worked for several Washington, DC-
based nongovernmental organizations focused on international security.
Husbands is currently an adjunct professor in the Security Studies Program
at Georgetown University, where she teaches a course on the international
arms trade. She holds a Ph.D. in political science from the University of
Minnesota and a master’s degree in international public policy (interna-
tional economics) from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced
International Studies.
Robin Leichenko is an associate professor in the Department of Geogra-
phy at Rutgers University. Her research addresses the urban and regional
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184 CLIMATE AND SOCIAL STRESS
impacts of global economic and environmental change in both advanced
and developing countries. She recently co-authored Environmental Change
and Globalization: Double Exposures, which focuses on how processes of
globalization and climate change jointly affect vulnerable regions, social
groups, and ecosystems. Other current research includes a study of the ef-
fects of the globalization of consumption practices on housing demand and
suburbanization patterns in China and the United States, a study of climate
change vulnerability and adaptation in U.S. cities, and a study of the ef-
fects of globalization trends on U.S. firms and workers. Recently completed
research projects include a study of the impacts of international trade on
employment and income inequality across U.S. regions and a study of the
effects of globalization and climate change on rural agricultural regions in
India and Southern Africa. She earned her Ph.D. in geography from Penn
State.
Robert J. Lempert is director of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for Lon-
ger Range Global Policy and the Future Human Condition at the RAND
Corporation. He was a member of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize–winning
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Lempert is an internationally
known scholar in the field of decision making under conditions of deep
uncertainty. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a fellow
of the American Physical Society, and a member of the National Academy
of Science’s Climate Research Committee. His research focuses on improv-
ing methods for long-term policy analysis and for using data and models
to support decision making where accurate forecasts are impossible. He
is leading a major National Science Foundation–funded study that aims
to improve methods for using scientific and other information to support
decisions about climate change. He has worked extensively in the areas
of environment, energy, and national security strategies; and he has con-
ducted research on science and technology investment strategies for clients
that include the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, the
U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and several
multinational firms.
Marc Levy is deputy director of the Center for International Earth Science
Information Network (CIESIN), a unit of Columbia University’s Earth
Institute. He is also an adjunct professor in Columbia’s School of Inter-
national and Public Affairs. He is a political scientist specializing in the
human dimensions of global environmental change. His research focuses
on climate–security linkages, emerging infectious disease modeling, anthro-
pogenic drivers of global change, sustainability indicators, and vulnerability
mapping. He is also leading a project in Haiti to reduce vulnerability to
disaster risks by integrating ecology and economic development goals on a
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APPENDIX A 185
watershed scale. He has served on a number of international assessments,
and is currently a lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate
Change Fifth Assessment Report chapter on human security.
David Lobell is an assistant professor at Stanford University in environ-
mental earth system science and an associate director in Stanford’s Center
on Food Security and the Environment. His research focuses on identify-
ing opportunities to raise crop yields in major agricultural regions, with a
particular emphasis on adaptation to climate change. He is a fellow of the
American Geophysical Union and received the 2010 James B. Macelwane
Medal. He is currently serving as lead author on the “Food Production
Systems and Food Security” chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report. Lobell received a Ph.D.
in geological and environmental sciences from Stanford University in 2005
and a Sc.B. in applied mathematics from Brown University in 2000.
Richard Stuart Olson is director of extreme event research and profes-
sor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at Florida
International University. A Fulbright Fellow in Colombia in 1968–1969,
he returned to Latin America in 1972 to conduct field research on the
Managua, Nicaragua, earthquake disaster of that year. Since then he has
been directly involved in disaster response, evaluation, and research in
more than 20 events, including Guatemala in 1976 (earthquake); Chile in
1985 (earthquake); Mexico City in 1985 (earthquakes); Colombia in 1985
(volcanic eruption and lahar) and 1994 (earthquake and landslide); the
Dominican Republic, Honduras, and Nicaragua in 1998 (hurricanes); and
El Salvador in 1986 and 2001 (earthquakes). In addition to more than 60
research articles, monographs, and major papers, Olson was lead author
on the books The Politics of Earthquake Prediction (Princeton University
Press, 1989) and Some Buildings Just Can’t Dance: Politics, Life Safety,
and Disaster (Elsevier/JAI, 1999). He received a B.A. from the University of
California, Davis, in 1967; an M.A. from the University of California, Los
Angeles, in 1968; and a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Oregon, all in
political science and emphasizing comparative and Latin American politics.
Richard L. Smith is Mark L. Reed III Distinguished Professor of Statistics
and professor of biostatistics at the University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, and director of the Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences
Institute. His expertise is in statistical aspects of climate change research
and air pollution health effects. Smith is a fellow of the American Statisti-
cal Association and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and an elected
member of the International Statistical Institute, and he won the Guy Medal
in Silver of the Royal Statistical Society and the Distinguished Achievement
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186 CLIMATE AND SOCIAL STRESS
Medal of the Section on Statistics and the Environment from the American
Statistical Association. In 2004 he was the J. Stuart Hunter Lecturer of The
International Environmetrics Society (TIES). He is also a chartered statisti-
cian of the Royal Statistical Society. He obtained his Ph.D. from Cornell
University.
Paul C. Stern is a senior scholar at the National Research Council/National
Academy of Sciences, working primarily with the Board on Environmental
Change and Society, formerly known as the Committee on Human Dimen-
sions and Global Change. His work at the National Research Council has
included directing studies on climate and global change, such as Informing
Decisions in a Changing Climate (2009), Decision Making for the Environ-
ment: Social and Behavioral Science Priorities (2005), and Global Environ-
mental Change: Understanding the Human Dimensions (1992), and he has
been involved in the suite of America’s Climate Choices studies. His work
has also included studies on international security issues that have produced
reports such as International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War (2000)
and a three-volume series on Behavior, Society, and International Conflict
(1989–1993). His research interests include the determinants of environ-
mentally significant behavior, particularly at the individual level; participa-
tory processes for informing environmental decision making; processes for
informing environmental decisions; and the governance of environmental
resources and risks. He is coauthor of the textbook Environmental Prob-
lems and Human Behavior (2nd ed., 2002) and of the 2003 article “The
Struggle to Govern the Commons,” which won the 2005 Sustainability Sci-
ence Award from the Ecological Society of America. He is a fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the American
Psychological Association. He holds a B.A. from Amherst College and an
M.A. and Ph.D. from Clark University, all in psychology.
