National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 11 Moving Forward
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

References

Abrams, D.E. (2003). A Very Special Place in Life: The History of Juvenile Justice in Missouri. Jefferson City: Missouri Juvenile Justice Association.

Achilles, M., and Zehr, H. (2001). Restorative justice for crime victims: The promise, the challenge. In G. Bazemore and M. Schiff (Eds.), Restorative Community Justice: Repairing Harm and Transforming Communities (pp. 87-99). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

Adams, B. (2012). Federal Requirements to Deinstitutionalize Status Offenders Have Been Effective. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

Advancement Project. (2010). Test, Punish, and Push Out: How “Zero Tolerance” and High-stakes Testing Funnel Youth into the School-to-Prison Pipeline. Washington, DC: Advancement Project. Available: http://www.advancementproject.org/sites/default/files/publications/rev_fin.pdf [June 2012].

Albert, D., and Steinberg, L. (2011). Judgment and decision making in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 211-224.

Alexander, J., and Parsons, B. (1973). Short-term behavioral intervention with delinquent families: Impact on family process and recidivism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81(3), 219-225.

Alexander, J.F., Pugh, C., Parsons, B.V., and Sexton, T.L. (2000). Functional family therapy. In D.S. Elliott (Ed.) Blueprints for Violence Prevention (book 3, 2nd ed.). Boulder: Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

Allen, F.A. (1964). The Borderland of Criminal Justice: Essays in Law and Criminology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Alpert, G.P., MacDonald, J.M., and Dunham, R.G. (2005). Police suspicion and discretionary decision making during citizen stops. Criminology, 43(2), 407-434.

Altschuler, D.M., and Armstrong, T. (1994). Intensive Aftercare for High-risk Juveniles: A Community Care Model: Program Summary. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Alvarado, R., and Kumpfer, K.L. (2000). Strengthening America’s families. Juvenile Justice Journal, VII(3), 8-18.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2012). Solitary Confinement of Juvenile Offenders. Available: http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/policy_statements/solitary_confinement_of_juvenile_offenders [August 2012].

American Bar Association Center for Professional Conduct. (2012). ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct. Available: http://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct.html [February 2013].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center. (2002). Kentucky: Advancing Justice: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/kentucky.php [September 2012].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center. (2003). Montana: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/montana.php [September 2012].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center et al. (2003). Washington: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Juvenile Offender Matters. Available: http://www.njdc.info/washington.php [September 2012].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana. (2001). The Children Left Behind: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings in Louisiana. Available: http://www.njdc.info/louisiana.php [September 2012].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and Juvenile Law Center. (2003). Pennsylvania: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/pdf/pareport.pdf [August 2012].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and Mid-Atlantic Juvenile Defender Center. (2002). Virginia: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/virginia.php [September 2012].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and Mid-Atlantic Juvenile Defender Center. (2003). Maryland: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/maryland.php [September 2012].

American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and Southern Center for Human Rights. (2001). Georgia: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/georgia.php [September 2012].

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force. (2008). Are zero tolerance policies effective in the schools? An evidentiary review and recommendations. American Psychologist, 63(9), 852-862.

Amso, D., and Casey, B.J. (2006). Beyond what develops when: Neuroimaging may inform how cognition changes with development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(1), 24-29.

Andenaes, J. (1974). Punishment and Deterrence. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

Anderer, S.J., and Glass, D.J. (2000). A therapeutic jurisprudence and preventive law approach to family law. In D.P. Stolle, D.B. Wexler, and B.J. Winick (Eds.), Practicing Therapeutic Jurisprudence: Law as a Helping Profession (pp. 207-236). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Andrews, D.A., and Bonta, J. (1995). Level of Service Inventory—Revised. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.

Andrews, D.A., and Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

Andrews, D.A., Bonta, J., and Hoge, R.D. (1990). Classification for effective rehabilitation: Rediscovering psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17(1), 19-52.

Andrews, D.A., Bonta, J., and Wormith, J.S. (2006). The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime and Delinquency, 52(1), 7-27.

Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2009). Reform the Nation’s Juvenile Justice System. Issue Brief. Available: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/PublicationFiles/Juvenile_Justice_issuebrief3.pdf [May 2012].

Annie E. Casey Foundation (2011). JDAI Annual Report 2009. Available: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Initiatives/Juvenile%20Detention%20Alternatives%20Initiative/JDAIResultsReport2009/JDAIResults2009.pdf [June 2012].

Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2012). JDAI News Winter 2012. Available: http://www.aecf.org/KnowledgeCenter/Publications.aspx?pubguid=%7B211E4FD2-2277-4A5D-A709-605FFC00E0D9%7D [April 2012].

Anwar, S., and Loughran, T.A. (2011). Testing a Bayesian learning theory of deterrence among serious juvenile offenders. Criminology, 49(3), 667-698.

Aos, S. (2002). The Juvenile Justice System in Washington State: Recommendations to Improve Cost-effectiveness. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Available: http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/WhatWorksJuv.pdf [March 2012].

Aos, S., and Drake, E. (2010). WSIPP’s Benefit-Cost Tool for States: Examining Policy Options in Sentencing and Corrections. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Available: http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/pub.asp?docid=10-08-1201 [June 2012].

Aos, S., Phipps, P., Barnoski, R., and Lieb, R. (2001). The Comparative Costs and Benefits of Programs to Reduce Crime. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.

Aos, S., Lieb, R., Mayfield, J., Miller, M., and Pennucci, A. (2004). Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.

Aos, S., Miller, M.G., and Drake, E. (2006). Evidence-based Public Policy Options to Reduce Future Prison Construction, Criminal Justice Costs, and Crime Rates. Document No. 06-10-1201. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Available: http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/06-10-1201.pdf [June 2012].

Armour, J., and Hammond, S. (2009). Minority Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: Disproportionate Minority Contact. Washington, DC: National Conference of State Legislators.

Armstrong, G.S., and MacKenzie, D.L. (2000). Private versus Public Sector Operation: A Comparison of the Environmental Quality in Juvenile Correctional Facilities, Final Report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Arnett, J.J. (2000). Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480.

Arnett, J.J. (2007). Socialization in emerging adulthood: From the family to the wider world, from socialization to self-socialization. In J.E. Grusec and P.D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (pp. 208-231). New York: Guilford Press.

Arya, N., and Ward, J. (2011). Recommendations for Juvenile Justice Reform: Opportunities for Action in the 112th Congress. Washington, DC: National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition. Available: http://www.cclp.org/documents/Federal%20Advocacy/NJJDPC_Opportunies%20for%20the%20Obama%20administration.pdf [February 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Arya, N., Villarruel, F., Villanueva, C., Augarten, I., Murguía, J., and Sánchez, J. (2009). America’s Invisible Children Latino Youth and the Failure of Justice. Available: http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/documents/CFYJPB_InvisibleChildren.pdf [June 2012].

Asato, M.R., Terwilliger, R., Woo, J., and Luna, B. (2010). White matter development in adolescence: A DTI study. Cerebral Cortex, 20(9), 2122-2131.

Ashley, J., and Burke, K. (2009). Implementing Restorative Justice: A Guide for Schools. Available: http://www.icjia.state.il.us/public/pdf/BARJ/SCHOOL%20BARJ%20GUIDEBOOK. pdf [April 2012].

Aspy, C.B., Oman, R.F., Vesely, S.K., McLeroy, K., Rodine, S., and Marshall, L. (2004). Adolescent violence: The protective effects of youth assets. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(3), 268-276.

Austin, J.B., Krisberg, B., and Joe, K. (1987). The Impact of Juvenile Court Intervention. San Francisco, CA: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

Austin, J., Dedel, K., and Gregoriou, M. (2000). Juveniles in Adult Prisons and Jails: A National Assessment. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance.

Baglivio, M.T., and Jackowski, K. (2012, April 3). Examining the validity of a juvenile offending risk assessment instrument across gender and race/ethnicity. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 11(1), 26-43.

Baird, C. (2009). A Question of Evidence: A Critique of Risk Assessment Models Used in the Justice System. Madison, WI: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

Baird, S.C., Storrs, G.M., and Connelly, H.N. (1984). Classification of Juveniles in Corrections—A Model Systems Approach. Washington, DC: Arthur D. Little.

Bales, W.D., and Piquero, A.R. (2012). Racial/ethnic differentials in sentencing to incarceration. Justice Quarterly, 29(5), 1-32.

Barnoski, R. (2002). Washington State’s Implementation of Functional Family Therapy for Juvenile Offenders: Preliminary Findings. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.

Barnoski, R.P. (2004). Outcome Evaluation of Washington State’s Research-based Programs for Juvenile Offenders. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.

Barton, C., Alexander, J.F., Waldron, H., Turner, C.W., and Warburton, J. (1985). Generalizing treatment effects of functional family therapy: Three replications. American Journal of Family Therapy, 13(3), 16-26.

Basile, K.C., Hertz, M.F., and Back, S.E. (2007). Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Victimization Assessment Instruments for Use in Healthcare Settings: Version 1. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Bateman, I., Carson, R., Day, B., Hanemann, M., Hanley, N., Hett, T., Jones-Lee, M., Loomes, G., Mourato, S., Özdemiroglu, E., Pearce, D., Sugden, R., and Swanson, J. (2002). Economic Valuation with Stated Preference Techniques: A Manual. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.

Battin, S.R., Hill, K.G., Abbott, R.D., Catalano, R.F., and Hawkins, J.D. (1998). Contribution of gang membership to delinquency beyond delinquent friends. Criminology, 36(1), 93-115.

Baumeister, R.F., and Leary, M.R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.

Baumrind, D. (1985). Familial antecedents of adolescent drug use: A developmental perspective. NIDA Research Monograph Series, 56, 13-44.

Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95.

Baumrind, D. (1996). The discipline controversy revisited. Family Relations, 45(4), 405-414.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Bayer, P., Pintoff, R., and Pozen, D.E. (2003). Building Criminal Capital Behind Bars: Social Learning in Juvenile Corrections. New Haven, CT: Yale University, Economic Growth Center.

Bazemore, G., and Day, S.E. (2002). Restoring the balance: Juvenile and community justice. In W.R. Palacios, P.F. Cromwell, and R.G. Dunham (Eds.), Crime and Justice in America: Present Realities and Future Prospects (2nd ed., pp. 324-337). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bazemore, G., and Erbe, C. (2003). Operationalizing the community variable in offender reintegration: Theory and practice for developing intervention social capital. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 1(3), 246-275.

Bazemore, G., and Schiff, M. (2005). Juvenile Justice Reform and Restorative Justice: Building Theory and Policy from Practice. Portland, OR: Willan.

Bazemore, G., and Umbreit, M. (1998). Conferences, Circles, Boards, and Mediations: Restorative Justice and Citizen Involvement in the Response to Youth Crime. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Beaubien, J. (2007, October 30). Missouri Sees Teen Offenders as Kids, Not Inmates. Available: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15784264 [June 2012].

Bechtold, J., Cauffman, E., and Monahan, K. (2011). Knowledge Brief: Are Minority Youths Treated Differently in Juvenile Probation? Chicago, IL: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

Beck, A., Gilliard, D.K., Greenfeld, L.A., Harrell, C.W., Hester, T., Jankowski, L., Morton, D.C., Snell, T.L., and Stephan, J.J. (1993). Survey of State Prison Inmates, 1991. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice.

Becker, G.S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.

Becker, G.S., and Decker, T. (2008). Missouri DYS Integrated Treatment Process. Jefferson City, MO: Department of Youth Services.

Beckett, K., Nyrop, K., Pfingst, L., and Bowen, M. (2005). Drug use, drug possession arrests, and the question of race: Lessons from Seattle. Social Problems, 52(3), 419-441.

Begley, S. (2000). Getting inside a teen brain. Hormones aren’t the only reason adolescents act crazy. Their gray matter differs from children’s and adults’. Newsweek, 135(9), 58-59.

Belknap, J. (2007). The Invisible Woman: Gender, Crime, and Justice. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.

Bell, J., and Ridolfi, L.J. (2008). Adoration of the Question: Reflections on the Failure to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System. San Francisco, CA: W. Haywood Burns Institute.

Bell, J., Ridolfi, L.J., Finley, M., and Lacey, C. (2009). The Keeper and the Kept: Reflections on Local Obstacles to Disparities Reduction in Juvenile Justice Systems and a Path to Change. San Francisco, CA: W. Haywood Burns Institute.

Belsky, J., Steinberg, L., and Draper, P. (1991). Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: An evolutionary theory of socialization. Child Development, 62(4), 647-670.

Benner, A.D., and Graham, S. (2011). Latino adolescents’ experiences of discrimination across the first 2 years of high school: Correlates and influences on educational outcomes. Child Development, 82(2), 508-519.

Bennett, W.J., Dilulio, J.J., and Walters, J.P. (1996). Body Count: Moral Poverty…and How to Win America’s War against Crime and Drugs. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Bergen, H.A., Martin, G., Richardson, A.S., Allison, S., and Roeger, L. (2004). Sexual abuse, antisocial behaviour, and substance use: Gender differences in young community adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38(1), 34-41.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Berk, R., Barnes, G., Ahlman, L., and Kurtz, E. (2010). When second best is good enough: A comparison between a true experiment and a regression discontinuity quasi-experiment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 6(2), 191-208.

Berkel, C., Knight, G.P., Zeiders, K.H., Tein, J.-Y., Roosa, M.W., Gonzales, N.A., and Saenz, D. (2010). Discrimination and adjustment for Mexican American adolescents: A prospective examination of the benefits of culturally related values. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(4), 893-915.

Berkheiser, M. (2002). The fiction of juvenile right to counsel: Waiver in the juvenile courts. Florida Law Review, 54, 577-686.

Berman, P., and Nelson, B. (1997). Replication: Adapt or fail. In A.A. Altshuler and R.D. Behn (Eds.), Innovation in American Government Challenges, Opportunities, and Dilemmas (pp. 319-331). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Bernard, T.J. (1992). The Cycle of Juvenile Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bernard, T.J., and Kurlychek, M.C. (2010). The Cycle of Juvenile Justice (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Bersani, B.E. (2012). An examination of first and second generation immigrant offending trajectories. Justice Quarterly, 1-29.

Bervera, X. (2003). Reclaiming Children from the Prison System: The Juvenile Justice Reform Act (Act 1225), State of Louisiana. Available: http://www.arc.org/pdf/281pdf.pdf [June 2012].

Berwick, D.M. (1989). Continuous improvement as an ideal in health-care. New England Journal of Medicine, 320(1), 53-56.

Beuttler, F.W., and Bell, C.C. (2010). For the Welfare of Every Child—A Brief History of the Institute for Juvenile Research, 1909-2010. Chicago: University of Illinois.

Bickman, L., and Hoagwood, K.E. (2010). Introduction to special issue. Making the real world ideal: Changing practices in children’s mental health services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 37(1-2), 4-6.

Biglan, A., Brennan, P.A., Foster, S.L., and Holder, H.D. (2004). Helping Adolescents at Risk: Prevention of Multiple Problem Behaviors. New York: Guilford Press.

Bilchik, S. (2008, September 18). Statement before the U.S. House of Representative Committee on Judiciary’s Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security. Available: http://judiciary.house.gov/hearing/pdf/Bilchik080918.pdf [February 2012].

Bilchik, S. (2009). Policy reforms to address racial and ethnic disparity and disproportionality in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems: Federal, state, and local action. In Chapin Hall Center for Children (Ed.), Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Disproportion-ality in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: A Compendium. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago, Center for Juvenile Justice Reform at the Georgetown Public Policy Institute and Chapin Hall Center for Children.

Bilchik, S. (2010). Juvenile Justice Reform Efforts: The State of the Union. Presentation to the Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform, August 5, National Research Council, Washington, DC.

Binder, A., Geis, G., and Bruce, D.D. (1997). Juvenile Delinquency: Historical, Cultural, and Legal Perspectives (2nd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

Bishop, D.M. (2005). The role of race and ethnicity in juvenile justice processing. In D.F. Hawkins and K. Kempf-Leonard (Eds.), Our Children, Their Children: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Differences in American Juvenile Justice (pp. 23-82). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Bishop, D.M. (2006). Public opinion and juvenile justice policy: Myths and misconceptions. Criminology and Public Policy, 5(4), 653-664.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Bishop, D.M., and Frazier, C.F. (1992). Gender bias in juvenile justice processing: Implications of the JJDP Act. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and Public Policy, 82(4), 1162-1186.

Bishop, D.M., and Frazier, C. (2000). Consequences of transfer. In J. Fagan and F. Zimmerman (Eds.), The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice (pp. 227-276). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Bishop, D.M., and Leiber, M.J. (2012). The role of race and ethnicity in juvenile justice processing. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 445-484). New York: Oxford University Press.

Bishop, D.M., Frazier, C.E., Lanza-Kaduce, L., and Winner, L. (1996). The transfer of juveniles to criminal court: Does it make a difference? Crime and Delinquency, 42(2), 171-191.

Bishop, D.M., Leiber, M., and Johnson, J. (2010). Contexts of decision making in the juvenile justice system: An organizational approach to understanding minority overrepresentation. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8(3), 213-233.

Bitan, T., Burman, D.D., Lu, D., Cone, N.E., Gitelman, D.R., Mesulam, M.M., and Booth, J.R. (2006). Weaker top-down modulation from the left inferior frontal gyrus in children. NeuroImage, 33(3), 991-998.

Bjork, J.M., Knutson, B., Fong, G.W., Caggiano, D.M., Bennett, S.M., and Hommer, D.W. (2004). Incentive-elicited brain activation in adolescents: Similarities and differences from young adults. Journal of Neuroscience, 24(8), 1793-1802.

Bjornstrom, E.E., Kaufman, R.L., Peterson, R.D., and Slater, M.D. (2010). Race and ethnic representations of lawbreakers and victims in crime news: A national study of television coverage. Social Problems, 57(2), 269-293.

Black, D.J., and Reiss, A.J., Jr. (1970). Police control of juveniles. American Sociological Review, 35(1), 63-77.

Bloom, B., Owen, B.A., and Covington, S. (2003). Gender-responsive Strategies Research, Practice, and Guiding Principles for Women Offenders. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections. Available: http://static.nicic.gov/Library/018017.pdf [June 2012].

Blumstein, A. (1982). On the racial disproportionality of United States’ prison populations. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 73(3), 1259-1281.

Blumstein, A. (1993). Racial disproportionality of U.S. prison populations revisited. University of Colorado Law Review, 64, 743-760.

Blumstein, A., and Nakamura, K. (2009). Redemption in the presence of widespread criminal background checks. Criminology, 47, 327-360.

Boardman, A., Greenberg, D., Vining, A., and Weimer, D. (2011). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bobo, L.D. (2011). Somewhere between Jim Crow and post-racialism: Reflections on the racial divide in America today. Daedalus, 140(2), 11-36.

Boisjoli, R., Vitaro, F., Lacourse, E., Barker, E.D., and Tremblay, R.E. (2007). Impact and clinical significance of a preventive intervention for disruptive boys: 15-year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 415-419.

Bonnie, R.J., and Grisso, T. (2000). Adjudicative competence and youthful offenders. In T. Grisso and R.G. Schwartz (Eds.), Youth on Trial: A Developmental Perspective on Juvenile Justice. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Bonnie, R.J., Coughlin, A.M., and Jeffries, J.C. (2010). Criminal Law (3rd ed.). New York: Foundation Press.

Bonta, J. (2002). Offender risk assessment: Guidelines for selection and use. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 29(4), 355-379.

Borum, R., and Verhaagen, D.A. (2006). Assessing and Managing Violence Risk in Juveniles. New York: Guilford Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Bosman, J. (2010, January 20). City signals intent to put fewer teenagers in jail. The New York Times. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/nyregion/21juvenile.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print [June 2012].

Boston, J. (2004). The Prison Litigation Reform Act. New York: The Legal Aid Society. Available: http://www.wnylc.net/pb/docs/plra2circ04.pdf [September 2011].

Bottcher, J., and Ezell, M.E. (2005). Examining the effectiveness of boot camps: A randomized experiment with a long-term follow up. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42(3), 309-332.

Botvin, G.J., Griffin, K.W., and Nichols, T.D. (2006). Preventing youth violence and delinquency through a universal school-based prevention approach. Prevention Science, 7(4), 403-408.

Bourgois, P. (2003). In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bowles, R. (2010). Valuing the benefits from criminal justice interventions. In J. Roman, T. Dunworth, and K. Marsh (Eds.), Cost-benefit Analysis and Crime Control (pp. 51-72). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Bowser, B.P., and Jones, T. (2004). Understanding the Over-representation of African Americans in the Child Welfare System. Hayward Hills, CA: Urban Institute Press.

Boyle, P. (2006, June 1). Are you my mentor? Youth Today. Available: http://www.youthtoday.org/view_article.cfm?article_id=627 [May 2012].

Brady, B., Dolan, P., O’Brien, M., and Canavan, J. (2005). Big Brothers Big Sisters Ireland: Youth Mentoring Programme: Galway, Mayo & Roscommon. Evaluation Report. Available: http://www.childandfamilyresearch.ie/sites/www.childandfamilyresearch.ie/files/big_brothers_big_sisters_ireland_youth_mentoring_programme_galway_mayo__roscommon.pdf [June 2012].

Brame, R., Mulvey, E.P., and Piquero, A.R. (2001). On the development of different kinds of criminal activity. Sociological Methods & Research, 29(3), 319-341.

Bratberg, G.H., Nilsen, T.I.L., Holmen, T.L., and Vatten, L.J. (2007). Perceived pubertal timing, pubertal status and the prevalence of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking in early and late adolescence: A population-based study of 8,950 Norwegian boys and girls. Acta Paediatrica, 96(2), 292-295.

Bray, J. (2009, May 4). Illinois Gov. Quinn Makes Pilot Redeploy Illinois Juvenile Justice Reform Permanent Program. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/reform-progress/11 [June 2012].

Bray, T.M., Sample, L.L., and Kempf-Leonard, K. (2005). “Justice by geography”: Racial disparity and juvenile courts. In D.F. Hawkins and K. Kempf-Leonard (Eds.), Our Children, Their Children: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Differences in American Juvenile Justice (pp. 270-299). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Brendgen, M., Bowen, F., Rondeau, N., and Vitaro, F. (1999). Effects of friends’ characteristics on children’s social cognitions. Social Development, 8(1), 41-51.

Bridges, G., and Steen, S.S. (1998). Racial disparities in official assessments of juvenile offenders: Attributional stereotypes as mediating mechanisms. American Sociological Review, 63(4), 554-570.

Broidy, L.M., Nagin, D.S., Tremblay, R.E., Bates, J.E., Brame, B., Dodge, K.A., Fergusson, D., Horwood, J.L., Loeber, R., Laird, R., Lynam, D.R., Moffitt, T.E., Pettit, G.S., and Vitaro, F. (2003). Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: A six-site, cross-national study. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 222-245.

Broman, C.L., Mavaddat, R., and Hsu, S.-Y. (2000). The experience and consequences of perceived racial discrimination: A study of African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 26(2), 165-180.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Bronfenbrenner, U., and Morris, P. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology (5th ed., pp. 993-1028). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Brown, B.B. (2004). Adolescents’ relationships with peers. In R.M. Lerner and L.D. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (pp. 363-394). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Brown, B.B., Bakken, J.P., Ameringer, S.W., and Mahon, S.D. (2008). A comprehensive conceptualization of the peer influence process in adolescence. In M.J. Prinstein and K.A. Dodge (Eds.), Understanding Peer Influence in Children and Adolescents (pp. 17-44). New York: Guilford Press.

Brown, T.T., Lugar, H.M., Coalson, R.S., Miezin, F.M., Petersen, S.E., and Schlaggar, B.L. (2005). Developmental changes in human cerebral functional organization for word generation. Cerebral Cortex, 15(3), 275-290.

Browning, K., Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., and Thornberry, T.P. (1999). Causes and Correlates of Delinquency Program. OJJDP Fact Sheet, No. 100. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/fs99100.pdf [June 2012].

Brunson, R.K., and Weitzer, R. (2009). Police relations with black and white youths in different urban neighborhoods. Urban Affairs Review, 44(6), 858-885.

Bugental, D.B., and Goodnow, J.J. (1998). Socialization processes. In W. Damon and N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology, Vol. 3: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development (5th ed., pp. 389-462). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Bunge, S.A., Dudukovic, N.M., Thomason, M.E., Vaidya, C.J., and Gabrieli, J.D. (2002). Immature frontal lobe contributions to cognitive control in children: Evidence from fMRI. Neuron, 33(2), 301-311.

Burgess, D., and Zerbe, R. (2011). Appropriate discounting for benefit-cost analysis. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 2(2). ISSN (Online), DOI: 10.2202/2152-2812.1065.

Burrell, S. (2012). Contracts for appointed counsel in juvenile delinquency cases: Defining expectations. UC Davis Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 16(1), 314-369.

Buss, E. (2004). Allocating developmental control among parent, child and the state, 2004. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 27, 36.

Butts, J. (2002). Juvenile justice and juvenile court. Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. Available: http://www:encyclopedia.com/doc1G2-3403000164.html [September 2012].

Butts, J. (2010). Juvenile Arrest Rates 1980-2009: National Arrest Estimates Calculated with Data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program. Powerpoint presentation. Available: http://jeffreybutts.wordpress.com/2010/10/25/ucrtrends [September 2012].

Butts, J.A. (2011). Process Evaluation of the Chicago Juvenile Intervention and Support Center. New York: John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Research and Evaluation Center. Available: http://jeffreybutts.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/jisc20112.pdf [October 2011].

Butts, J., and Buck, J. (2000, October). Teen Courts: A Focus on Research. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Butts, J.A., and Evans, D.N. (2011). Resolution, Reinvestment, and Realignment: Three Strategies for Changing Juvenile Justice. New York: Research and Evaluation Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York. Available: http://johnjayresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/rec20111.pdf [April 2013].

Butts, J.A., and Roman, J. (2009). Juvenile crime interventions. In D. Weimer and A. Vining (Eds.), Investing in the Disadvantaged: Assessing the Benefits and Costs of Social Policies (pp. 103-126). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Butts, J.A., Buck, J., and Coggeshall, M.B. (2002). The Impact of Teen Court on Young Offenders. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. Available: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/410457.pdf [June 2012].

Butts, J.A., Bazemore, G., and Meroe, A.S. (2010). Positive Youth Justice: Framing Justice Interventions Using Concepts of Positive Youth Development. Washington, DC: Coalition for Juvenile Justice.

Butts, J.A., Roman, J.K., and Lynn-Whaley, J. (2012). Varieties of juvenile court: Nonspecialized courts, teen courts, drug courts, and mental health courts. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 606-635). New York: Oxford University Press.

Caldwell, M.F., Vitacco, M., and Van Rybroek, G.J. (2006). Are violent delinquents worth treating? A cost-benefit analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43(2), 148-168.

Caldwell, M.F., Skeem, J., Salekin, R., and Rybroek, G.V. (2006). Treatment response of adolescent offenders with psychopathy features: A 2-year follow-up. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(5), 571-596.

Caldwell, L.D., Sewell, A.A., Parks, N., and Toldson, I.A. (2009). Guest editorial: Before the bell rings: Implementing coordinated school health models to influence the academic achievement of African American males. Journal of Negro Education, 78(3), 204-215.

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. (2011). Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Division of Juvenile Justice Population Overview as of December 31, 2010. Available: http://1.usa.gov/oiTt9x [June 2012].

California Department of the Youth Authority. (n.d.). Table 1, Characteristics of the Youth Authority’s Institution Population (CYA and CDC Cases) June 30 Each Year, 1993-2002. Available: http://cdcr.ca.go/reports_research/docs/research/pops_93-02.pdf [June 2012].

Calkins, S.D., and Johnson, M.C. (1998). Toddler regulation of distress to frustrating events: Temperamental and maternal correlates. Infant Behavior and Development, 21, 379-395.

Campaign for Youth Justice. (2007a, March). The Consequences Aren’t Minor: The Impact of Trying Youth as Adults and Strategies for Reform. Available: http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/documents/CFYJNR_ConsequencesMinor.pdf [May 2012].

Campaign for Youth Justice. (2007b, November). Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America. Available: http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/documents/CFYJNR_ConsequencesMinor.pdf [May 2012].

Campaign for Youth Justice. (2011). State Trends, Legislative Victories from 2005-2010, Removing Youth from the Adult Criminal Justice System. Available: http://www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/documents/CFYJ_State_Trends_Report.pdf [April 2012].

Campbell, F.A., and Ramey, C.T. (1995). Cognitive and school outcomes for high-risk African-American students at middle adolescence: Positive effects of early intervention. American Educational Research Journal, 32(4), 743-772.

Carson, R. (2011). Contingent Valuation: A Comprehensive Bibliography and History. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.

Casey, B.J., and Jones, R.M. (2010). Neurobiology of the adolescent brain and behavior: Implications for substance use disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(12), 1189-1201.

Casey, B.J., Cohen, J.D., Jezzard, P., Turner, R., Noll, D.C., Trainor, R.J., Giedd, J., Kaysen, D., Hertz-Pannier, L., and Rapoport, J.L. (1995). Activation of prefrontal cortex in children during a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI. NeuroImage, 2(3), 221-229.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Casey, B.J., Trainor, R.J., Orendi, J.L., Schubert, A.B., Nystrom, L. E., Cohen, J.D, Noll, D.C., Giedd, J., Castellanos, X., Haxby, J., Forman, S.D., Dahl, R.E., and Rapoport, J.L. (1997). A pediatric functional MRI study of prefrontal activation during performance of a Go-No-Go task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 835-847.

Casey, B.J., Tottenham, N., and Fossella, J. (2002). Clinical, imaging, lesion, and genetic approaches toward a model of cognitive control. Developmental Psychobiology, 40(3), 237-254.

Casey, B.J., Tottenham, N., Liston, C., and Durston, S. (2005). Imaging the developing brain: What have we learned about cognitive development? TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 9(3), 104-110.

Casey, B.J., Epstein, J.N., Buhle, J., Liston, C., Davidson, M.C., Tonev, S.T., Spicer, J., Niogi, S., Millner, A.J., Reiss, A., Garrett, A., Hinshaw, S.P., Greenhill, L.L., Shafritz, K.M., Vitolo, A., Kotler, L.A., Jarrett, M.A., and Glover, G. (2007). Frontostriatal connectivity and its role in cognitive control in parent-child dyads with ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(11), 1729-1736.

Casey, B.J., Getz, S., and Galvan, A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Developmental Review, 28(1), 62-77.

Casey, B.J., Jones, R.M., Levita, L., Libby, V., Pattwell, S.S., Ruberry, E.J., Soliman, F., and Somerville, L.H. (2010). The storm and stress of adolescence: Insights from human imaging and mouse genetics. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 225-235.

Catalano, R.F., and Hawkins, J.D. (1996). The social development model: A theory of antisocial behavior. In J. David Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories (pp. 149-197). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Cauffman, E. (2004). A statewide screening of mental health symptoms among juvenile offenders in detention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 430-439.

Cauffman, E., and Grisso, T. (2005). Mental health issues among minority offenders in the juvenile justice system. In D.F. Hawkins and K. Kempf-Leonard (Eds.), Our Children, Their Children: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Differences in American Juvenile Justice (pp. 390-412). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Cauffman, E., and Steinberg, L. (2000). (Im)maturity of judgment in adolescence: Why adolescents may be less culpable than adults. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 18(6), 741-760.

Cauffman, E., Steinberg, L., and Piquero, A. (2005). Psychological, neuropsychological, and physiological correlates of serious antisocial behavior in adolescence: The role of self-control. Criminology, 43(1), 133-175.

Cauffman, E., Shulman, E.P., Steinberg, L., Claus, E., Banich, M.T., Graham, S., and Woolard, J. (2010). Age differences in affective decision making as indexed by performance on the Iowa gambling task. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 193-207.

Caviness, V.S., Jr., Kennedy, D.N., Richelme, C., Rademacher, J., and Filipek, P.A. (1996). The human brain age 7-11 years: A volumetric analysis based on magnetic resonance images. Cerebral Cortex, 6(5), 726-736.

Celeste, G., Bauer, G., Bervera, X., and Utter, D. (2005). Just shut it down: Bringing down a prison while building a movement. In Building Blocks for Youth (Ed.), No Turning Back: Promising Approaches to Reducing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Justice System (pp. 69-77). Available: http://www.aecf.org/upload/PublicationFiles/ntb_fullreport.pdf [December 2011].

Chamberlain, P. (2003). Treating Chronic Juvenile Offenders: Advances Made Through the Oregon Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care Model. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Chandra, A. (2010). Children on the Home Front: The Experiences of Children from Military Families. Testimony presented March 9 before the House Armed Services Committee, Subcommittee on Military Personnel.

Chang, J.J., Chen, J.J., and Brownson, R.C. (2003). The role of repeat victimization in adolescent delinquent behaviors and recidivism. Journal of Adolescent Health, 32(4), 272-280.

Chapin Hall Center for Children. (2009). Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Disproportionality in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: A Compendium. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago, Center for Juvenile Justice Reform at the Georgetown Public Policy Institute and Chapin Hall Center for Children.

Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Gordon, R.A., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Klebanov, P.K. (1997). Neighborhood and family influences on the intellectual and behavioral competence of preschool and early school-age children. In J. Brooks-Gunn, G.J. Duncan, and J.L. Aber (Eds.), Neighborhood Poverty Context and Consequences for Children Volume I (pp. 79-118). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Chassin, L.A., Fora, D.B., and King, K.M. (2004). Trajectories of alcohol and drug use and dependence from adolescence to adulthood: The effects of familial alcoholism and personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(4), 483-498.

Chassin, L.A., Hussong, A.M., and Beltran, I. (2009). Adolescent substance use. In R.M. Lerner and L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (3rd ed., pp. 723-764). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Chassin, L.A., Knight, G., Vargas-Chanes, D., Losoya, S., and Naranjo, D. (2009). Substance use treatment outcomes in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 36(2), 183-194.

Chein, J., Albert, D., O’Brien, L., Uckert, K., and Steinberg, L. (2011). Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain’s reward circuitry. Developmental Science, 14, F1-F10.

Chesney-Lind, M. (1997). The Female Offender: Girls, Women, and Crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Children’s Law Center, Inc. (2011, July 11). Trends and Challenges in Juvenile Justice Reform: Experiences of Three States. Available: http://www.childrenslawky.org/webcasts/2011/5/9/trends-and-challenges-in-juvenile-justice-reform-experiences.html [November 2011].

Chowanec, G.D. (1994). Continuous quality improvement: Conceptual foundations and application to mental health care. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 45(8), 789-793.

Chung, H.L., and Steinberg, L. (2006). Relations between neighborhood factors, parenting behaviors, peer deviance, and delinquency among serious juvenile offenders. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 319-331.

Chung, H.L., Little, M., and Steinberg, L. (2005). The transition to adulthood for adolescence in the juvenile justice system: A developmental perspective. In W. Osgood, M. Foster, C. Flanagan, and G. Ruth (Eds.), On Your Own Without a Net: The Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations (pp. 68-91). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Chung, H.L., Schubert, C.A., and Mulvey, E.P. (2007). An empirical portrait of community reentry among serious juvenile offenders in two metropolitan cities. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(11), 1402-1426.

Cicourel, A.V. (1967). The Social Organization of Juvenile Justice. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Coalition for Juvenile Justice. (2008). Platform of Position on the Reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). Available: http://www.juvjustice.org/reauthorization_platform.html [June 2012].

Coalition for Juvenile Justice. (2009). A Pivotal Moment: Sustaining and Success and Enhancing the Future of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. Available: http://www.juvjustice.org/announcement_140.html [February 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Cocozza, J.J., and Skowyra, K.R. (2000). Youth with mental health disorders: Issues and emerging responses. Juvenile Justice, 7(1), 3-13.

Cohen, M.A. (2010). Valuing crime control benefits using stated preference approaches. In J. Roman, T. Dunworth, and K. Marsh (Eds.), Cost-Benefit Analysis and Crime Control (pp. 73-118). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Cohen, M.I., Feyerherm, W., Spinney, E., Stephenson, R., and Yerde, M. (2011). Expanding Use of DMC Data Analysis of Patterns to Identify Best Practices. Presentation at American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November 16-19, Washington, DC.

Cohen, M.I., Feyerhem, W., Spinney, E., Stephenson, R., and Yeide, M. (2012). Expanding the Use of Disproportionate Minority Contact Data: Analysis of Patterns to Identify Best Practices (Semiannual Progress Report, July 1 through December 31, 2011). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Cohen, S. (1985). Visions of Social Control. Oxford, UK: Polity Press.

Cohen, S. (2002). Folk Devils and Moral Panics (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.

Coleman, A. (2010). Disproportionate Minority Contact: What Is Happening at the State and Local Levels. Presentation to the Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform, October 11, National Research Council, Washington, DC.

Coleman, A.R (2011). Disproportionate minority contact (DMC): A historical and contemporary perspective. In N. Parsons-Pollard (Ed.), Disproportionate Minority Contact, Current Issues and Practice (pp. 19-33). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Collins, W.A., and Steinberg, L. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal context. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, and R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 3, Social, Emotional, and Personality Development (6th ed., pp. 1003-1067). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2010). Fast Track intervention effects on youth arrests and delinquency. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 6(2), 131-157.

Conger, D., and Ross, T. (2001). Reducing the Foster Care Bias in Juvenile Detention Decisions: The Impact of Project Confirm. New York: Vera Institute of Justice.

Connecticut Juvenile Jurisdiction Planning and Implementation Committee. (2007). Final Report. Available: http://www.ncdjjdp.org/resources/youthAccountabilityTaskForce/systemCosts/connecticut.pdf [June 2012].

Cook, P.J., MacCoun, R., Muschkin, C., and Vigdor, J. (2008). The negative impacts of starting middle school in sixth grade. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 27(1), 104-121.

Coolbaugh, K., and Hansel, C.J. (2000). The comprehensive strategy: Lessons learned from the pilot sites. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Available: http://www.cantraining.org/BTC/docs/OJJDP/Comprehensive%20Strategy%20Lessons%20Learned.pdf [May 2012].

Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1996). Combating Violence and Delinquency: The National Juvenile Justice Action Plan: Report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2008). Report of Activities and Recommendations to Congress 2001-2008. Available: http://www.juvenilecouncil.gov/reports.html [May 2012].

Copeland, M. (2011, October 13). Miami-Dade Civil Citation Program. PowerPoint Presentation at OJJDP’s National Conference, Washington, DC.

Cose, E. (1993). The Rage of the Privileged Class. New York: HarperCollins.

Costanzo, P.R., and Shaw, M.E. (1966). Conformity as a function of age level. Child Development, 37(4), 967-975.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Counte, M.A., and Meurer, S. (2001). Issues in the assessment of continuous quality improvement implementation in health care organizations. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 13(3), 197-207.

Cowell, A., Lattimore, P., and Krebs, C. (2010). A cost-benefit study of a breaking the cycle program for juveniles. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 47(2), 241-262.

Crockett, C.M., and Pope, T.R. (1993). Consequences of sex differences in dispersal for juvenile red howler monkeys. In M.E. Pereira and L.A. Fairbanks (Eds.), Juvenile Primates: Life History, Development, and Behavior (pp. 104-118). New York: Oxford University Press.

Crouch, J.L., Hanson, R.F., Saunders, B.E., Kilpatrick, D.G., and Resnick, H.S. (2000). Income, race/ethnicity, and exposure to violence in youth: Results from the national survey of adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(6), 625-641.

Crowe, A.H. (2000). Jurisdictional Technical Assistance Package for Juvenile Corrections. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Crutchfield, R.D., Bridges, G., and Pitchford, S. (1994). Analytical and aggregation biases in analyses of imprisonment: Reconciling discrepancies in studies of racial disparity. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 31(2), 166-182.

Crutchfield, R.D., Skinner, M.L., Haggerty, K.P., McGlynn, A., and Catalano, R.F. (2009). Racial disparities in early criminal justice involvement. Race and Social Problems, 1(4), 218-230.

Csikszentmihalyi, M., and Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175(9), 526-536.

Cullen, F.T. (2005). The twelve people who saved rehabilitation: How the science of criminology made a difference. Criminology, 43(1), 1-42.

Cullen, F.T., Golden, K.M., and Cullen, J.B. (1983). Is child saving dead: Attitudes toward juvenile rehabilitation in Illinois. Journal of Criminal Justice, 11(1), 1-13.

Cullen, F.T., Wright, J.P., Brown, S., Moon, M.M., Blankenship, M.B. and Applegate, B.K. (1998). Public support for early intervention programs: Implications for a progressive policy agenda. Crime and Delinquency, 44, 187-204.

Cullen, F.T., Jonson, C.L., and Nagin, D.S. (2011). Prisons do not reduce recidivism: The high cost of ignoring science. The Prison Journal Supplement, 91(3), 48S-65S.

Dalton, R.F., Evans, L.J., Cruise, K.R., Feinstein, R.A., and Kendrick. R.F. (2009). Race differences in mental health service access in a secure male juvenile justice facility. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48, 194-209.

Daly, K. (1998). Gender, crime, and criminology. In M.H. Tonry (Ed.), The Handbook of Crime and Punishment (pp. 85-108). New York: Oxford University Press.

Daly, K., and Chesney-Lind, M. (1988). Feminism and criminology. Justice Quarterly, 5(4), 497-538.

Daly, M., and Wilson, M. (1987). The Darwinian psychology of discriminative parental solicitude. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 35, 91-144.

Damon, W. (1984). Self-understanding and moral development from childhood to adolescence. In W.M. Kurtines and J.L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Morality, Moral Behavior, and Moral Development (pp. 109-127). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Damon, W. (1999). Reading between the lines: What do teenagers laws of life essays tell us about them? In P. Veljkovic (Ed.), Laws of Life (Winter, p. 2). Radnor, PA: John Templeton Foundation.

Davis, S.M., Scott, E.S., Wadlington, W., and Whitebread, C.H. (2008). Children in the Legal System: Cases and Materials (4th ed.). Westbury, NY: Foundation Press.

Dawes, R., Faust, D., and Meehl, P. (1989). Clinical versus actuarial judgment. Science, 243(4899), 1668-1674.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Dawson, R.O. (1990). The future of juvenile justice: Is it time to abolish the system? Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 81(1), 136-155.

de Ridder, D.T., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F.M., and Baumeister, R.F. (2012). Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 76-99.

de Sá, K. (2012). Gov. Jerry Brown backtracks on plan to phase out the state’s youth prison system. Mercury News. Available: http://www.mercurynews.com/california/ci_20631280/gov-jerry-brown-backtracks-plan-phase-out-states [May 2012].

Deardorff, J., Gonzales, N.A., Christopher, F.S., Roosa, M.W., and Millsap, R.E. (2005). Early puberty and adolescent pregnancy: The influence of alcohol use. Pediatrics, 116(6), 1451-1456.

Decker, T.C. (2010, August 2). Tortoise or Hare? Slow Change Can Be Powerful, Here’s How to Begin. Available: http://www.governing.com/blogs/bfc/slow-change-powerful.html [June 2012].

Decker, T.C. (2011, May 13). Engaging Families in Juvenile Justice: Workforce and Organizational Developmental Strategies. Presentation to Georgetown Workforce Panel on Engaging Families at the Family Engagement Symposium, Washington, DC. Available: http://cjjr.georgetown.edu/pdfs/famengagement/FamEngSympoPowerPoint.pdf [June 2012].

Decker, T.C., and Steward, M. (2011, March 28). Missouri DSS Division of Youth Services. Presentation to the New York City Administration for Children’s Services at the Residential Realignment Kick-Off Meeting, New York. Available: http://www.missouriapproach.org/storage/documents/OverviewMissouriDYSforNewYorkCity3-28-11.pdf [June 2012].

DeComo, R., and Wiebush, R.G. (2005). Graduated Sanctions for Juvenile Offenders: A Program Model and Planning Guide. Reno, NV: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, Juvenile Sanctions Center.

DeGarmo, D.S., and Martinez, Jr., C.R. (2006). A culturally informed model of academic well-being for Latino youth: The importance of discriminatory experiences and social support. Family Relations, 55, 267-278.

Dembo, R., Turner, G., Schmeidler, J., Sue, C.C., Borden, P., and Manning, D. (1996). Development and evaluation of a classification of high risk youths entering a juvenile assessment center. Substance Use & Misuse, 31(3), 303-322.

Deng, S., Kim, S.Y., Vaughan, P.W., and Li, J. (2010). Cultural orientation as a moderator of the relationship between Chinese American adolescents’ discrimination experiences and delinquent behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(9), 1027-1040.

Desai, R., Goulet, J., Robbins, J., Chapman, J., Midgole, S., and Hoge, M. (2006). Mental health care in juvenile detention facilities: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 34(2), 204-214.

Desai, R.A., Falzer, P.R., Chapman, J., and Borum, R. (2012). Mental illness, violence risk, and race in juvenile detention: Implications for disproportionate minority contact. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1), 32-40.

DeWit, D.J., Lipman, E., Manzano-Munguia, M., Bisanz, J., Graham, K., Offord, D.R., O’Neill, E., Pepler, D., and Shaver, K. (2007). Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial for evaluating the effectiveness of the Big Brothers Big Sisters community match program at the national level. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(3), 383-404.

Dick, D.M., Latendresse, S.J., Lansford, J.E., Budde, J.P., Goate, A., Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S., and Bates, J.E. (2009). The role of GABRA2 in trajectories of externalizing behavior across development and evidence of moderation by parental monitoring. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 649-657.

Dilulio, J.J., Jr. (1995, November 27). The coming of the super-predators. The Weekly Standard, 1(11), 23.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Dishion, T.J., and Andrews, D.W. (1995). Preventing escalation in problem behaviors with high-risk young adolescents: Immediate and 1-year outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(4), 538-548.

Dishion, T.J., Capaldi, D., Spracklen, K.M., and Li, F.Z. (1995). Peer ecology of male-adolescent drug-use. Development and Psychopathology, 7(4), 803-824.

Dishion, T.J., Spracklen, K.M., Andrews, D.W., and Patterson, G.R. (1996a). Deviancy training in male adolescent friendships. Behavior Therapy, 27(3), 373-390.

Dishion, T.J., Andrews, D.W., Kavanagh, K., and Soberman, L.H. (1996b). Preventive interventions for high-risk youth: The adolescent transitions program. In R.D. Peters and R.J. McMahon (Eds.), Preventing Childhood Disorders, Substance Abuse, and Delinquency (pp. 184-214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Dishion, T.J., McCord, J., and Poulin, F. (1999). When interventions harm: Peer groups and problem behavior. American Psychologist, 54(9), 755-764.

Dishion, T.J., Dodge, K.A., and Lansford., J.E. (2006). Findings and recommendations: A blueprint to minimize deviant peer influence in youth interventions and programs. In K.A. Dodge, T.J. Dishion, and J.E. Lansford (Eds.), Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions (pp. 366-394). New York: Guilford Press.

Dodge, K.A. (2001). The science of youth violence prevention. Progressing from developmental epidemiology to efficacy to effectiveness to public policy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 20(1), 63-70.

Dodge, K.A., and Rutter, M. (2011). Gene-environment Interactions in Developmental Psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press.

Dodge, K.A., Lansford, J.E., and Dishion, T.J. (2006). The problem of deviant peer influences in intervention programs. In K.A. Dodge, T.J. Dishion, and J.E. Lansford (Eds.), Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions (pp. 3-13). New York: Guilford Press.

Doherty, B. (1998, May 31). When kids kill: Blame those who pull trigger. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

Donabedian, A. (1988). The quality of care. Journal of the American Medical Association, 260(12), 1743-1748.

Dosenbach, N.U., Nardos, B., Cohen, A.L., Fair, D.A., Power, J.D., Church, J.A., Nelson, S.M., Wig, G.S., Vogel, A.C., Lessov-Schlaggar, C.N., Barnes, K.A., Dubis, J.W., Feczko, E., Coalson, R.S., Pruett, J.R., Jr., Barch, D.M., Petersen, S.E., and Schlaggar, B.L. (2010). Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science, 329(5997), 1358-1361.

Douglas, K.S., and Skeem, J.L. (2005). Violence risk assessment: Getting specific about being dynamic. Psychology Public Policy and Law, 11(3), 347-383.

Drake, E.K., Aos, S., and Miller, M.G. (2009). Evidence-based public policy options to reduce crime and criminal justice costs: Implications in Washington State. Victims and Offenders, 4(2), 170-196.

DuBois, D.L., Holloway, B.E., Valentine, J.C., and Cooper, H. (2002a). Effectiveness of mentoring programs for youth: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(2), 157-197.

DuBois, D.L., Burk-Braxton, C., Swenson, L.P., Tevendale, H.D., and Hardesty, J.L. (2002b). Race and gender influences on adjustment in early adolescence: Investigation of an integrative model. Child Development, 73(5), 1573-1592.

DuBois, D.L., Neville, H.A., Parra, G.R., and Pugh-Lilly, A.O. (2002c). Testing a new model of mentoring. New Directions for Youth Development, 93, 21-57.

DuBois, D.L., Portillo, N., Rhodes, J.E., Silverthorn, N., and Valentine, J.C. (2011). How effective are mentoring programs for youth? A systematic assessment of the evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12(2), 57-91.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Duff, R.A. (1993). Choice, character, and criminal liability. Law and Philosophy, 12(4), 345-383.

Duggan, P. (1999, November 9). George W. Bush: The Texas record, youth feel the force of a vow kept; juvenile justice overhaul reflects tougher approach. The Washington Post, p. A01.

Durlak, J.A., and DuPre, E.P. (2008). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3-4), 327-350.

Durlauf, S.N., and Nagin, D.S. (2011). Imprisonment and crime: Can both be reduced? Criminology & Public Policy, 10(1), 13-54.

Durston, S., Davidson, M.C., Tottenham, N., Galvan, A., Spicer, J., Fossella, J.A., and Casey, B.J. (2006). A shift from diffuse to focal cortical activity with development. Developmental Science, 9(1), 1-8.

Eccles, J.S., and Roeser, R.W. (2009). Schools, academic motivation, and stage-environment fit. In R.M. Lerner and L.D. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (pp. 404-434). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Eccles, J.S., Midgley, C., Wigfield, A., Buchanan, C.M., Reuman, D., Flanagan, C., and Iver, D.M. (1993). Development during adolescence. The impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents’ experiences in schools and in families. The American Psychologist, 48(2), 90-101.

Eckberg, D.A., Podkopzacz, M.R., and Zehm, K. (2004). Juvenile Court Fairness Study. Minneapolis, MN: Fourth Judicial District Court of Minnesota. Available: http://www.mncourts.gov/Documents/4/Public/Research/Juvenile_Court_Fairness_Report_(2004).pdf [October 2012].

Eckenrode, J., Zielinski, D., Smith, E., Marcynyszyn, L.A., Henderson, C.R., Jr., Kitzman, H., Cole, R., Powers, J., and Olds, D.L. (2001). Child maltreatment and the early onset of problem behaviors: Can a program of nurse home visitation break the link? Development and Psychopathology, 13(4), 873-890.

Eddy, J.M., Whaley, R.B., and Chamberlain, P. (2004). The prevention of violent behavior by chronic and serious male juvenile offenders: A 2-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12(1), 2-8.

Eder, D., Evans, C.C., and Parker, S. (1995). School Talk: Gender and Adolescent Culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.A., Murphy, B.C. (1996). Parents’ Reactions to Children’s Negative Emotions: Relations to Children’s Social Competence and Comforting Behavior. Child Development, 67(5), 2227-2247.

Elliott, D.S. (1994). Serious violent offenders: Onset, developmental course, and termination— the American Society of Criminology 1993 presidential address. Criminology, 32(1), 1-21.

Elliott, D.S., Huizinga, D., and Ageton, S.S. (1985). Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Elliott, D.S., Huizinga, D., and Menard, S. (1989). Multiple Problem Youth: Delinquency, Substance Use, and Mental Health Problems. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Ellis, B.J., Del Giudice, M., Dishion, T.J., Figueredo, A.J., Gray, P., Griskevicius, V., Hawley, P.H., Jacobs, W.J., James, J., Volk, A.A., and Wilson, D.S. (2012). The evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior: Implications for science, policy, and practice. Developmental Psychology, 48(3), 598-623.

Ellis, D.A., Zucker, R.A., and Fitzgerald, H.E. (1997). The role of family influences in development and risk. Alcohol Health & Research World, 21(3), 218-226. Available: http://www.circle.wisc.edu/13-Eval/Tools/PDF-Documents/Family%20Influences%20and%20Risk.pdf [September 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Emerson, R.M. (1974). Role determinants in juvenile court. In D. Glaser and S. Adams (Eds.), Handbook of Criminology (pp. 621-650). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.

Emerson, R.M. (1991). Case processing and interorganizational knowledge: Detecting the real reasons for referrals. Social Problems, 38(2), 198-212.

Empey, L.T., and Rabow, J. (1961). The Provo experiment in delinquency rehabilitation. American Sociological Review, 26(5), 679-695.

Engel, R.S., Klahm, C.F., and Tillyer, R. (2010). Citizens’ demeanor, race, and traffic stops. In S.K. Rice and M.D. White (Eds.), Race, Ethnicity, and Policing: New and Essential Readings (pp. 287-308). New York: New York University Press.

Engen, R.L., Steen, S., and Bridges, G.S. (2002). Racial disparities in the punishment of youth: A theoretical and empirical assessment of the literature. Social Problems, 49(2), 194-220.

Erikson, E.H. (1958). Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.

Ernst, M., Nelson, E.E., Jazbec, S., McClure, E.B., Monk, C.S., Leibenluft, E., Blair, J., and Pine, D.S. (2005). Amygdala and nucleus accumbens in responses to receipt and omission of gains in adults and adolescents. NeuroImage, 25(4), 1279-1291.

Esbensen, F.A., Peterson, D., and Taylor, T.J. (2010). Youth Violence: Sex and Race Differences in Offending, Victimization, and Gang Membership. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

Ezell, M.E. (2007). The effect of criminal history variables on the process of desistance in adulthood among serious youthful offenders. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23(1), 28-49.

Ezell, M.E., and Cohen, L.E. (2005). Desisting from Crime: Continuity and Change in Long-Term Crime Patterns of Serious Chronic Offenders. New York: Oxford University Press.

Fabelo, T., Thompson, M.D., Plotkin, M., Carmichael, D., Marchbanks, M.P., III, and Booth, E.A. (2011). Breaking Schools’ Rules: A Statewide Study of How School Discipline Relates to Students’ Success and Juvenile Justice Involvement. New York: Council of State Governments Justice Center.

Fagan, J. (1990). Treatment and reintegration of violent juvenile offenders: Experimental results. Justice Quarterly, 7(2), 233-263.

Fagan, J. (1991). Comparative Impacts of Juvenile and Criminal Court Sanctions on Adolescent Offenders. Report to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. NCJ Number: 134377. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.

Fagan, J. (1999). Context and culpability in adolescent crime. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law, 6(3), 507-583.

Fagan, J.A., and Piquero, A.R. (2007). Rational choice and developmental influences on recidivism among adolescent felony offenders. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 4(4), 715.

Fagan, J.A., and Tyler, T. (2005). Legal socialization of children and adolescents. Social Justice Research, 18(3), 217-241.

Fagan, J., Kupchik, A. and Liberman, A. (2007). Be Careful What You Wish for: Legal Sanctions and Public Safety Among Adolescent Offenders in Juvenile and Criminal Court. Columbia Law School, Pub. Law Research Paper No. 03-61. Available: http://ssrn.com/abstract=491202 [August 2012].

Fagan, A.A., Hanson, K., Hawkins, J.D., and Arthur, M.W. (2008). Bridging science to practice: Achieving prevention program implementation fidelity in the community youth development study. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3-4), 235-249.

Fagan, J.A., Geller, A., Davies, G., and West, V. (2010). Street stops and broken windows revisited: The demography and logic of proactive policing in a safe and changing city. In S.K. Rice and M.D. White (Eds.), Race, Ethnicity, and Policing New and Essential Readings (pp. 309-348). New York: New York University Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Fair, D.A., Dosenbach, N.U.F., Church, J.A., Cohen, A.L., Brahmbhatt, S., Miezin, F.M., Barch, D.M., Raichle, M.E., Petersen, S.E., and Schlaggar, B.L. (2007). Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(33), 13507-13512.

Families and Friends of Louisiana’s Incarcerated Children. (2011). A Failing System: Reminiscent of Tallulah. Available: http://www.fflic.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/A-Failing-System-Report.pdf [June 2012].

Farrington, D.P. (1989). Early predictors of adolescent aggression and adult violence. Violence and Victims, 4(2), 79-100.

Farrington, D.P., and Welsh, B. (2007). Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions. New York: Oxford University Press.

Feagin, J.R. (1991). The continuing significance of race: Antiblack discrimination in public places. American Sociological Review, 56(1), 101-116.

Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice. (2009, September). Annual Report 2009. Washington, DC. Available: http://www.facjj.org/annualreports.html [May 2012].

Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice. (2010). Federal Advisory Committee on Juvenile Justice Annual Report 2010. Available: http://www.facjj.org/annualreports/00-FACJJ%20Annual%20Report-FINAL%20508.pdf [June 2012].

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2010). Crime in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Available: http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_43.html [June 2012].

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2011). Crime in the United States, 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Available: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/2010%20CIUS%20Summary.pdf [June 2012].

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Crime Statistics. Available: http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats [June 2012].

Feeley, M.M., and Lazerson, M.H. (1983). Police-prosecutor relationships: An interorganizational perspective. In K.O. Boyum and L.M. Mather (Eds.), Empirical Theories about Courts (pp. 216-243). New York: Longman.

Feld, B.C. (1984). Criminalizing juvenile justice: Rules of procedure for the juvenile-court. Minnesota Law Review, 69(2), 141-276.

Feld, B.C. (1988). Juvenile court meets the principle of offense: Punishment, treatment, and the difference it makes. Boston University Law Review, 68(5), 821-915.

Feld, B.C. (1991). Justice by geography: Urban, suburban, and rural variations in juvenile justice administration. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 82(1), 156-210.

Feld, B.C. (1998a). Juvenile and criminal justice systems responses to youth violence. Crime and Justice, 24, 189-250.

Feld, B.C. (1998b). The juvenile court. In M. Tonry (Ed.), The Handbook of Crime & Punishment (pp. 509-541). New York: Oxford University Press.

Feld, B.C. (1999). Bad Kids: Race and the Transformation of the Juvenile Court. New York: Oxford University Press.

Feld, B.C. (2009). Girls in the juvenile justice system. In M. Zahn (Ed.), The Delinquent Girl (pp. 225-264). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

Feld, B.C. (2012). Procedural rights in juvenile courts, competence, and consequences. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 664-691). New York: Oxford University Press.

Feld, B.C., and Bishop, D.M. (2012). Transfer of juveniles to criminal court. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 801-842). New York: Oxford University Press.

Feldman, R.A., Caplinger, T.E., and Wodarski, J.S. (1983). The St. Louis Conundrum: The Effective Treatment of Antisocial Youths. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., and Swain-Campbell, N. (2003). Ethnicity and criminal convictions: Results of a 21-year longitudinal study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 36(3), 354-367.

Feyerherm, W. (2011). Measuring DMC: The origins and use of the relative rate index. In N.Y. Parsons-Pollard (Ed.), Disproportionate Minority Contact: Current Issues and Policies (pp. 35-50). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Feyerherm, W., Snyder, H.N., and Villarruel, F. (2009). Chapter 1: Identification and Monitoring. Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Figner, B., Mackinlay, B.J., Wilkening, F., and Weber, E.U. (2009). Affective and deliberative processes in risky choice: Age differences in risk taking in the Columbia Card Task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 35(3), 709-730.

Finckenauer, J.O., and Gavin, P.W. (1999). Scared Straight!: The Panacea Phenomenon Revisited. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.

Fisher, C.B., Wallace, S.A., and Fenton, R.E. (2000). Discrimination distress during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(6), 679-695.

Fite, P.J., Wynn, P., and Pardini, D.A. (2009). Explaining discrepancies in arrest rates between black and white male juveniles. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 916-927.

Fitzpatrick, E. (2010, January 4). OJJDP mentoring funds boosted by $20 million; $50 million also will assist children of prisoners. Youth Today. Available: http://www.youthtoday.org/view_blog.cfm?blog_id=272 [May 2012].

Flanagan, T.J., and Maguire, K. (1991). Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1990. Albany, NY: Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center.

Fletcher, A.C., Steinberg, L., and Williams-Wheeler, M. (2004). Parental influences on adolescent problem behavior: Revisiting Stattin and Kerr. Child Development, 75(3), 781-796.

Foglia, W.D. (1997). Perceptual deterrence and the mediating effect of internalized norms among inner-city teenagers. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(4), 414-442.

Fondacaro, M.R., Dunkle, M., and Pathak, M.K. (1998). Procedural justice in resolving family disputes: A psychosocial analysis of individual and family functioning in late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27(1), 101-119.

Forgays, D.K. (2008). Three years of teen court offender outcomes. Adolescence, 43(171), 473-484.

Forgays, D.K., and DeMilio, L. (2005). Is teen court effective for repeat offenders? A test of the restorative justice approach. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49(1), 107-118.

Forst, M., Fagen, J., and Vivona, T.S. (1989). Youth in prisons and training schools: Perceptions and consequences of the treatment-custody dichotomy. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 40(1), 1-14.

Fox, J.A. (1996). Trends in Juvenile Violence: A Report to the United States Attorney General on Current and Future Rates of Juvenile Offending. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Available: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/tjvfox.pdf [June 2012].

Freiberg, H.J., and Lapointe, J.M. (2006). Research-based programs for preventing and solving discipline problems. In C.M. Evertson and C.S. Weinstein (Eds.), Handbook of Classroom Management (pp. 735-786). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Friemel, C.M., Spanagel, R., and Schneider, M. (2010). Reward sensitivity for a palatable food reward peaks during pubertal developmental in rats. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 1-20.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Galvan, A., Hare, T.A., Parra, C.E., Penn, J., Voss, H., Glover, G., and Casey, B.J. (2006). Earlier development of the accumbens relative to orbitofrontal cortex might underlie risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(25), 6885-6892.

Galvan, A., Hare, T.A., Voss, H., Glover, G., and Casey, B.J. (2007). Risk-taking and the adolescent brain: Who is at risk? Developmental Science, 10(2), F8-F14.

Galvan, F.H., and Caetano, R.C. (2003). Alcohol Use and Related Problems Among Ethnic Minorities in the United States. Washington, DC: National Institute of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Alcohol Use and Alcoholism.

Gamoran, A. (1992). The variable effects of high school tracking. American Sociological Review, 57(6), 812-828.

Gardner, M., and Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study. Developmental Psychology, 41(4), 625-635.

Gardner, W. (1993). A life-span rational choice theory of risk taking. In N. Bell and R. Bell (Eds.), Adolescent Risk Taking (pp. 66-83). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Gardner, W., and Herman, J. (1990). Adolescents’ AIDS risk taking: A rational choice perspective. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 50, 17-34.

Garland, A.F., Lau, A.S., Yeh, M., McCabe, K.M., Hough, R.L., and Landsverk, J.A. (2005). Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services among high-risk youths. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(7), 1336-1343.

Garrett, C.J. (1985). Effects of residential treatment of adjudicated delinquents. A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 22, 287-308.

Garrison, A.H. (2001). An evaluation of a Delaware teen court. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 52(3), 11-21.

Gatti, U., Tremblay, R.E., Vitaro, F., and McDuff, P. (2005). Youth gangs, delinquency and drug use: A test of the selection, facilitation, and enhancement hypotheses. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(11), 1178-1190.

Gatti, U., Tremblay, R.E., and Vitaro, F. (2009). Iatrogenic effect of juvenile justice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(8), 991-998.

Geier, C.F., Terwilliger, R., Teslovich, T., Velanova, K., and Luna, B. (2010). Immaturities in reward processing and its influence on inhibitory control in adolescence. Cerebral Cortex, 20(7), 1613-1629.

Geller, A., and Fagan, J. (2010). Pot as pretext: Marijuana, race, and the new disorder in New York City street policing. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 7(4), 591-633.

Gendreau, P. (1996). The principles of effective interventions with offenders. In A. Harland (Ed.), Choosing Correctional Options That Work: Defining the Demand and Evaluating the Supply. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Gibbs, J.C. (2003). Moral Development and Reality: Beyond the Theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Giedd, J.N. (2004). Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 77-85.

Giedd, J.N., Snell, W., Lange, N., Rajapakse, J.C., Casey, B.J., Kozuch, P.L., Vaituzis, A.C., Vauss, Y.C., Hamburger, S.D., Kaysen, D., and Rapoport, J.L. (1996a). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain development: Ages 4-18. Cerebral Cortex, 6(4), 551-560.

Giedd, J.N., Vaituzis, A.C., Hamburger, S.D., Lange, N., Rajapakse, J.C., Kaysen, D., Vauss, Y.C., and Rapoport, J.L. (1996b). Quantitative MRI of the temporal lobe, amygdala, and hippocampus in normal human development: Ages 4-18 years. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 366(2), 223-230.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Gilligan, C. (1993). Adolescent development reconsidered. In A. Garrod (Ed.), Approaches to Moral Development: New Research and Emerging Themes (pp. 103-132). New York: Teachers College Press.

Giordano, P.C., Cernkovich, S.A., and Rudolph, J.L. (2002). Gender, crime, and desistance: Toward a theory of cognitive transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), 990-1064.

Glisson, C. (2007). Assessing and changing organizational culture and climate for effective services. Research on Social Work Practice, 17(6), 736-747.

Glueck, S. (1964). Some “unfinished business” in the management of juvenile delinquency. Syracuse Law Review, 15, 628-659.

Gogtay, N., Giedd, J.N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K.M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A.C., Nugent, T.F., Herman, D.H., Clasen, L.S., Toga, A.W., Rapoport, J.L., Thompson, P.M., and Ungerleider, L.G. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(21), 8174-8179.

Goldstein, A.P., Glick, B., Reiner, S., Zimmerman, D., and Coultry, T. (1987). Aggression Replacement Training: A Comprehensive Intervention for Aggressive Youth. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

Gonzales, N., and Dodge, K. (2010). Family and Peer Influences on Adolescent Behavior and Risk Taking. Unpublished paper submitted to the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine’s Board on Children, Youth, and Families. Available: http://www.BCYF.org/dodge_gonzales_paper.pdf [September 2012].

Goode, E., and Ben-Yehuda, N. (2009). Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Gottfredson, D.C. (2010). Deviancy training: Understanding how preventive interventions harm. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 6(3), 229-243.

Gottfredson, M.R., and Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Gottfredson, S.D., and Moriarty, L.J. (2006a). Clinical versus actuarial judgments in criminal justice decisions: Should one replace the other? Federal Probation, 70(2), 15-18.

Gottfredson, S.D., and Moriarty, L.J. (2006b). Statistical risk assessment: Old problems and new applications. Crime and Delinquency, 52(1), 178-200.

Graham, S., and Lowery, B.S. (2004). Priming unconscious racial stereotypes about adolescent offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 28(5), 483-504.

Grann, M., and Langstrom, N. (2007). Actuarial assessment of violence risk: To weigh or not to weigh? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(1), 22-36.

Greene, A. (1986). Future-time perspective in adolescence: The present of things future revisited. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 15, 99-113.

Greenwood, P. (2006). Changing Lives: Delinquency Prevention as Crime Control Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Greenwood, P. (2008). Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders. The Future of Children, 18(2), 185-210.

Greenwood, P.W., and Turner, S. (2011). Establishing effective community-based care in juvenile justice. In F.T. Sherman and F.H. Jacobs (Eds.), Juvenile Justice: Advancing Research, Policy, and Practice (pp. 477-504). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Gregory, A., and Weinstein, S.R. (2008). The discipline gap and African-Americans: Defiance or cooperation in the high school classroom. Journal of School Psychology, 46(4), 455-475.

Gregory, A., Skiba, R.J., and Noguera, P.A. (2010). The achievement gap and the discipline gap: Two sides of the same coin? Educational Researcher, 39(1), 59-68.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Griffin, P. (2006). Ten Years of Balanced and Restorative Justice in Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice. Available: http://www.ncjj.org/PDF/paprogress_june2006_10yrs_BARJ.pdf [June 2012].

Griffin, P. (2008). Models for Change 2008 Update: Gathering Force. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/publications/105 [June 2012].

Griffin, P. (2009). Models for Change 2009 Update: Core State Progress. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice. Available: http://modelsforchange.net/publications/296 [May 2012].

Griffin, P. (2011). Adding Up Models for Change: Initial Findings from the Models for Change Database. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/publications/325 [June 2012].

Griffin, P., Addie, S., Adams, B., and Firestone, K. (2011). Trying Juveniles as Adults: An Analysis of State Transfer Laws and Reporting. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Grisso, T. (1980). Juveniles’ capacities to waive Miranda rights: An empirical analysis. California Law Review, 68(6), 1134-1166.

Grisso, T. (1981). Juveniles’ Waiver of Rights: Legal and Psychological Competence. New York: Plenum Press.

Grisso, T. (2006). Double Jeopardy: Adolescent Offenders with Mental Disorders. Executive Summary. Available: http://www.adjj.org/downloads/5314Double%20Jeopardy.pdf [April 2012].

Grisso, T. (2008). Adolescent offenders with mental disorders. Future of Children, 18(2), 143-164.

Grisso, T., Steinberg, L., Woolard, J., Cauffman, E., Scott, E., Graham, S., Lexcen, F., Reppucci, N.D., and Schwartz, R. (2003). Juveniles’ competence to stand trial: A comparison of adolescents’ and adults’ capacities as trial defendants. Law and Human Behavior, 27(4), 333-363.

Grisso, T., Vincent, G., and Seagrave, D. (2005). Mental Health Screening and Assessment in Juvenile Justice. New York: Guilford Press.

Grolnick, W.S., Deci, E.L., and Ryan, R.M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination perspective. In J.E. Grusec and L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and Children’s Internalization of Values: A Handbook of Contemporary Theory (pp. 135-161). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Grossman, J.P., and Tierney, J.P. (1998). Does mentoring work? An impact study of Big Brothers/Big Sisters. Evaluation Review, 22(3), 403-426.

Grusec, J.E., and Goodnow, J.J. (1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child’s internalization of values: A reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4-19.

Hagan, J. (1975). The social and legal construction of criminal justice: A study of the presentencing process. Social Problems, 22(5), 620-637.

Hagan, J., Shedd, C., and Payne, M. (2005). Race, ethnicity, and youth perceptions of criminal justice. American Sociological Review, 70(3), 381-407.

Hale, S. (1990). A global developmental trend in cognitive processing speed. Child Development, 61(3), 653-663.

Halemba, G.J., Siegel, G.C., Lord, R.D., and Zawacki, S. (2004). Arizona Dual Jurisdiction Study: Final Report. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

Hallinan, M.T., and Williams, R.A. (1989). Interracial friendship choices in secondary schools. American Sociological Review, 54(1), 67-78.

Hamm, J.V., Brown, B., and Heck, D.J. (2005). Bridging the ethnic divide: Student and school characteristics in African American, Asian-descent, Latino, and white adolescents’ cross-ethnic friend nominations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15(1), 21-46.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Hamparian, D.M., Estep, L.K., Muntean, S.M., Priestino, R.R., Swisher, R.G., Wallace, P.L., and White, J.L. (1982). Major Issues in Juvenile Justice Information and Training Youth in Adult Courts—Between Two Worlds. Report to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. NCJ Number: 80823. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.

Handler, J. (1965). The juvenile court and the adversary system: Problems of function and form. Wisconsin Law Review, 7, 51.

Hardin, M.G., Mandell, D., Mueller, S.C., Dahl, R.E., Pine, D.S., and Ernst, M. (2009). Inhibitory control in anxious and healthy adolescents is modulated by incentive and incidental affective stimuli. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 50(12), 1550-1558.

Hare, T.A., O’Doherty, J., Camerer, C.F., Schultz, W., and Rangel, A. (2008). Dissociating the role of the orbitofrontal cortex and the striatum in the computation of goal values and prediction errors. Journal of Neuroscience, 28(22), 5623-5630.

Harp, T., and Walker, T. (2007, January 19). No justice for teens treated as adults. Hartford Courant.

Harrison, P., Maupin, J., and Mays, G. (2000). Teen court: An examination of processes and outcomes. Crime and Delinquency, 47(2), 243-264.

Hartman, R.G. (2000). Adolescent autonomy: Clarifying an ageless conundrum. The Hastings Law Journal, 51(6), 1265.

Hasenfeld, Y., and Cheung, P.P.L. (1985). The juvenile court as a people-processing organization: A political economy perspective. American Journal of Sociology, 90(4), 801-824.

Hastings, P.D., Utendale, W.T., and Sullivan, C. (2007). The socialization of prosocial development. In J.E. Grusec and P.D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research (pp. 638-664). New York: Guilford Press.

Hawkins, D.F., and Kempf-Leonard, K. (2005). Introduction. In D.F. Hawkins and K. Kempf-Leonard (Eds.), Our Children, Their Children: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Differences in American Juvenile Justice (pp. 1-19). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., and Miller, J.Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance-abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 64-105.

Hawkins, J.D., Herrenkohl, T., Farrington, D.P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R.F., and Harachi, T.W. (1998). A review of predictors of youth violence. In R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions (pp. 106-146). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., Arthur, M.W., Egan, E., Brown, E.C., Abbott, R.D., and Murray, D.M. (2008). Testing communities that care: The rationale, design and behavioral baseline equivalence of the community youth development study. Prevention Science, 9(3), 178-190.

Haynie, D.L. (2003). Contexts of risk? Explaining the link between girls’ pubertal development and their delinquency involvement. Social Forces, 82, 355-397.

Haynie, D.L., Weiss, H.E., and Piquero, A. (2008). Race, the economic maturity gap, and criminal offending in young adulthood. Justice Quarterly, 25(4), 595-622.

Heckman, J.J., Moon, S.H., Pinto, R., Savelyev, P.A., and Yavitz, A. (2010). The rate of return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program. Journal of Public Economics, 94(1-2), 114-128.

Heinemann, A.W., Fisher, W.P., and Gershon, R. (2006). Improving health care quality with outcomes management. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotics, 18(Suppl. 1), S46-S50.

Henderson, H., Wells, W., Maguire,E.R. and Gray, J. (2010). Evaluating the measurement properties of procedural justice in a correctional setting. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 384-399.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Henggeler, S.W., Melton, G.B., and Smith, L.A. (1992). Family preservation using multisystemic therapy: An effective alternative to incarcerating serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 953-961.

Henggeler, S.W., Schoenwald, S.K., Borduin, C.M., Rowland, M.D., and Cunningham, P.B. (1998). Multisystemic Treatment of Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.

Hennigan, K., Kolnick, K., Poplawski, J., Andrews, A., Ball, N., Cheng, C., and Payne, J. (2007). Juvenile Justice Data Project. Phase I, Survey of Interventions and Programs, A Continuum of Graduated Responses for Juvenile Justice in California. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California, Center for Research on Crime.

Henning, K. (2005). Loyalty, paternalism and rights: Client counseling theory and the role of child’s counsel in delinquency cases. Notre Dame Law Review, 245, 318-324.

Henning, K. (2006). It takes a lawyer to raise a child? Allocating responsibilities among parents, children, and lawyers in child delinquency cases. Nevada Law Journal, 6, 836-889.

Herrera, C., Grossman, J.B., Kauh, T.J., Feldman, A.F., and McMaken, J. (2007). Making a Difference in Schools: The Big Brothers Big Sisters School-Based Mentoring Impact Study. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.

Herz, D.C. (2001). Understanding the use of mental health placements by the juvenile justice system. Journal of Emotional Behavioral Disorders, 9(3), 172-181.

Herz, D.C., and Ryan, J.P. (2008a). Building multisystem approaches in child welfare and juvenile justice. In D. Barish, S. Hunter, A. Lee, B. Levin, and A. Light (Eds.), Bridging Two Worlds: Youth Involved in the Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Systems: A Policy Guide for Improving Outcomes (pp. 27-113). Washington, DC: Center for Juvenile Justice Reform. Available: http://www.cjjr.georgetown.edu/pdfs/cypm/cypm.pdfw [June 2012].

Herz, D.C., and Ryan, J.P. (2008b). Exploring the Characteristics and Outcomes of 241.1 Youth Crossing Over from Dependency to Delinquency in Los Angeles County. CFCC Research Update. San Francisco: Judicial Council of California, Administrative Office of the Courts, Center for Families, Children and the Courts.

Herz, D.C., Ryan, J.P., and Bilchik, S. (2010). Challenges facing crossover youth: An examination of juvenile-justice decision making and recidivism. Family Court Review, 48(2), 305-321.

Herz, D.C., Lee, P., Lutz, L., Stewart, M., Tuell, J., and Wiig, J. (2012). Addressing the Needs of Multisystem Youth: Strengthening the Connection between Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice. Washington, DC: Center for Juvenile Justice Reform and the Robert F. Kennedy Children’s Action Corps.

Hirschfield, P.J. (2008). Preparing for prison? The criminalization of school discipline in the USA. Theoretical Criminology, 12(1), 79-101.

Hoagwood, K.E. (2005). Family-based services in children’s mental health: A research review and synthesis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(7), 690-713.

Hockenberry, S., Sickmund, M., and Sladky, A. (2011). Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2008: Selected Findings. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Hoge, R.D., Andrews, D.A., and Leschied, A.W. (1996). An investigation of risk and protective factors in a sample of youthful offenders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(4), 419-424.

Holloway, C. (2000). Interstate Compact on Juveniles. OJJDP Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200012.pdf [May 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Hornberger, N.G. (2010, Summer). Improving outcomes for status offenders in the JJDPA reauthorization. Juvenile & Family Justice TODAY. Available: http://www.juvjustice.org/media/announcements/announcement_link_156.pdf [June 2012].

Houtzager, B., and Baerveldt, C. (1999). Just like normal. A social network study of the relation between petty crime and the intimacy of adolescent friendships. Social Behavior and Personality, 27, 177-192.

Howell, J.C. (1995a). Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Howell, J.C. (1995b). OJJDP Model Risk Assessment. Washington DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Howell, J.C. (1997). Juvenile Justice and Youth Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Howell, J.C. (2003a). OJJDP Model Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Howell, J.C. (2003b). Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Howell, J. C. (2003c). Diffusing research into practice using the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 1(3), 219-245.

Howell, J.C. (2009). Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Howell, J.C. (2011). Addressing Fiscal Constraints in Juvenile Justice System Reforms. Presentation to the Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform, National Research Council, January, 19, 2011, Washington, DC.

Howell, J.C., Krisberg, B., Hawkins, J.D., and Wilson, J.J. (1995). Sourcebook: Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hudley, C., and Graham, S. (1993). An attributional intervention to reduce peer-directed aggression among African-American boys. Child Development, 64(1), 124-138.

Huff, O. (2007, May 20). Imprisoning teens doesn’t get the results that we want. Asheville Citizen Times.

Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E.P., Johnson, D.J., Stevenson, H.C., Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747-770.

Huizinga, D., and Elliott, D.S. (1987). Juvenile offenders: Prevalence, offender incidence, and arrest rates by age. Crime and Delinquency, 33(2), 206-223.

Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., and Thornberry, T.P. (1992). New Findings on Delinquency and Substance Use in Urban Areas. Congressional Briefing for the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Judiciary Committee of the Senate, Washington, DC, May, 15 1992.

Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., and Thornberry, T.P. (1993). Longitudinal study of delinquency, drug use, sexual activity, and pregnancy among children and youth in 3 cities. Public Health Reports, 108, 90-96.

Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., and Thornberry, T.P. (1995). Recent Findings from the Program of Research on Causes and Correlates of Delinquency. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.

Huizinga, D., Schumann, K., Ehret, B., and Elliott, A. (2003). The Effect of Juvenile Justice System Processing on Subsequent Delinquent and Criminal Behavior: A Cross-National Study. Final Report to the National Institute of Justice. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado. Available: http:www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/nij/grants/205001.pdf [October 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Huizinga, D., Thornberry, T., Knight, K., Lovegrove, P., and Farrington, D.P. (2007). Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System: A Study of Differential Minority Arrest/Referral to Court in Three Cities. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/219743.pdf [June 2012].

Humes, K.R., Jones, N.A., and Ramirez, R.R. (2011). Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin. 2010 Census Briefs. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Huynh, V.W., and Fuligni, A.J. (2010). Discrimination hurts: The academic, psychological, and physical well-being of adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 916-941.

Hwang, K., Velanova, K., and Luna, B. (2010). Strengthening of top-down frontal cognitive control networks underlying the development of inhibitory control: A functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(46), 15535-15545.

Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission. (2005). Disproportionate minority contact in the Illinois juvenile justice system. Annual Report to the Governor and General Assembly. Springfield: Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission.

Illinois Models for Change Behavioral Health Assessment Team. (2010). Report on the Behavioral Health Program for Youth Committed to the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/publications/271 [April 2012].

Interstate Commission for Juveniles. (2012). Bench Book for Judges and Court Personnel. Available: http://www.juvenilecompact.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=hP5YtZN5GWU%3D&tabid=647 [May 2012].

Irwin, C.E., and Millstein, S.G. (1986). Biopsychosocial correlates of risk-taking behaviors during adolescence. Can the physician intervene? Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 7(Suppl. 6), S82-S96.

Isett, K.R. (2011). Analyzing Systems Change. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/about/research/isett.html [June 2012].

Iyengar, S. (2010). Race in the news: Stereotypes, political campaigns, and market-based journalism. In H. Markus and P.M.L. Moya (Eds.), Doing Race: 21 Essays for the 21st Century (pp. 251-273). New York: W.W. Norton.

Jackson, D., and Maddy, W. (1992). Introduction, Building Coalitions Fact Sheet. Columbus: The Ohio Center for Action on Coalitions for Families and High Risk Youth. Available: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FY/FY49300.pdf [May 2012].

Jacob, M. (2001). Getting tough: The impact of high school graduation exams. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 23(2), 99-121.

Jacobs, M.D. (1990). Screwing the System and Making It Work: Juvenile Justice in the No-fault Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

James-Burdumy, S., Dynarski, M., Moore, M., Deke, J., Mansfield, W., and Pistorino, C. (2005). When Schools Stay Open Late: The National Evaluation of the 21st Century Community Learning Centers Program: Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance. Available: http://www.mathematica-mpr.com/publications/pdfs/21stfinal.pdf [August 2012].

Jazbec, S., Hardin, M.G., Schroth, E., McClure, E., Pine, D.S., and Ernst, M. (2006). Age-related influence of contingencies on a saccade task. Experimental Brain Research, 174(4), 754-762.

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. (2008). Models for Change: Research Initiative, Research Project Summaries. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/about/research.html [December 2012].

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. (2010). Models for Change: Systems Reform in Juvenile Justice Overview. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/publications/291 [April 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. (2011). Models for Change: Background and Principles. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/about/Background-and-principles.html [June 2012].

Johnson, C. (2008, June 20). Justice Department grant overseer subject of criminal probe. The Washington Post. Available: http://www.//washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/19/AR2008061903132.html [June 2012].

Johnson, V., and Pandina, R. (1991). Effects of the family environment on adolescent substance use, delinquency, and coping styles. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 17, 71-88.

Johnston, L.D., O’Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., and Schulenberg, J.E. (2012). Table 6. Trends in annual prevalence of use of various drugs in grades 8, 10, and 12. In L.D. Johnston, P.M. O’Malley, J.G. Bachman, and J.E. Schulenberg (Eds.), Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use. Overview of Key Findings, 2011 (pp. 56-60). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research. Available: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2011.pdf [June 2012].

Jones, J. (1997). Prejudice and Racism (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Jones, J.B. (2004). Access to Counsel Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/204063.pdf [August 2012].

Joyner, T. (2007, October 26). Genarlow Wilson rejoices over his release. Atlanta Journal Constitution.

Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center. (2002). Cost-Benefit Analysis for Juvenile Justice Programs. Washington, DC: Justice Research and Statistics Association.

Kaban, B., and Quinlan, J. (2004). Rethinking a “knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver” in Massachusetts juvenile courts. Journal of the Center for Families, Children & the Courts, 5, 35-55.

Kail, R. (1997). Processing time, imagery, and spatial memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 64(1), 67-78.

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Marttunen, M., Rantanen, P., and Rimpelä, M. (2003). Early puberty is associated with mental health problems in middle adolescence. Social Science & Medicine, 57(6), 1055-1064.

Karcher, M.J. (2005). The effects of developmental mentoring and high school mentors’ attendance on their younger mentees’ self esteem, social skills, and connectedness. Psychology in the Schools, 42, 65-77.

Karoly, L.A., Greenwood, P.W., Everingham, S.S., Hoube, J., Kilburn, M.R., Rydell, C.P., Sanders, M., and Chiesa, J. (1998). Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Don’t Know About the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.

Katz, L.F., Kling, J.R., and Liebman, J.B. (2001). Moving to opportunity in Boston: Early results of a randomized mobility experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(2), 607-654.

Kazdin, A.E. (2008). Evidence-based treatment and practice: New opportunities to bridge clinical research and practice, enhance the knowledge base, and improve patient care. American Psychologist, 63(3), 146-159.

Kazemian, L., Farrington, D.P., and LeBlanc, M. (2009). Can we make long-term accurate predictions about patterns of de-escalation in offending behavior? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 384-400.

Keating, D.P. (2004). Cognitive and brain development. In R.M. Lerner and L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 45-84). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Keating, L.M., Tomashina, M.A., Foster, S., and Allesandri, M. (2002). The effects of a mentoring program on at-risk youth. Adolescence, 37, 717-734.

Keenan, K., and Shaw, D.S. (2003). An early starter model of children’s conduct problems. In B. Lahey, T. Moffitt, and A. Caspi (Eds.), The Causes of Conduct Disorder and Serious Juvenile Delinquency (pp. 153-181). New York: Guilford Press.

Kempf-Leonard, K. (2007). Minority youths and juvenile justice: Disproportionate minority contact after nearly 20 years of reform efforts. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 71-87.

Kempf-Leonard, K. (2012). The conundrum of girls and juvenile justice processing. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), The Oxford History of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 485-525). New York: Oxford University Press.

Kempf-Leonard, K., and Sample, L. (2000). Disparity based on sex: Is gender-specific treatment warranted? Justice Quarterly, 17(1), 89-128.

Kempf-Leonard, K., Tracy, P.E., and Howell, J.C. (2001). Serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders: The relationship of delinquency career types to adult criminality. Justice Quarterly, 18(3), 449-478.

Kennedy, R. (1997). Race, Crime, and the Law (1st ed.). New York: Pantheon Books.

Kennedy, R. (2001). Racial trends in the administration of criminal justice. In N. Smelser, W.J. Wilson, and F. Mitchell (Eds.), America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences (vol. II, pp. 1-20). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Kennedy, S. (2000). Treatment responsivity: Reducing recidivism by enhancing treatment effectiveness. Forum on Corrections Research, 19-23.

Kerr, M., and Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36(3), 366-380.

Kessler, R., Mickelson, K., and Williams, D. (1999). The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40(3), 208-230.

Kim, C.Y., Losen, D.J., and Hewitt, D.T. (2010). The School to Prison Pipeline: Structuring Legal Reform. New York: New York University Press.

Klein, M.W. (2006). Peer effects in naturally occurring groups: The case of street gangs. In K.A. Dodge, T.J. Dishion, and J. Lansford (Eds.), Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions (pp. 234-252). New York: Guilford Press.

Klenowski, P.M., Bell, K.J., and Dodson, K.D. (2010). An empirical evaluation of juvenile awareness programs in the United States: Can juveniles be “scared straight”? Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 49(4), 254-272.

Klietz, S., Borduin, C., and Schaeffer, C. (2010). Cost-benefit analysis of multisystemic therapy with serious and violent juvenile offenders. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(5), 657-666.

Kling, J.R., and Liebman, J.B. (2004, March). Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects on Youth. Princeton Industrial Relations Section Working Paper 483. Available: http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/bitstream/88435/dsp01m613mx58m/1/483.pdf [June 2012].

Kling, J.R., Ludwig, J., and Katz, L.F. (2005). Neighborhood effects on crime for female and male youth: Evidence from a randomized housing voucher experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(1), 87-130.

Klingberg, T., Forssberg, H., and Westerberg, H. (2002). Increased brain activity in frontal and parietal cortex underlies the development of visuospatial working memory capacity during childhood. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(1), 1-10.

Kochanska, G. (1995). Children’s temperament, mothers’ discipline, and security of attachment: Multiple pathways to emerging internalization. Child Development, 66, 597-615.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Kracke, K. (2001). Children’s Exposure to Violence: The Safe Start Initiative. OJJDP Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.

Kraemer, H., Kazdin, A., Offord, D., Kessler, R., Jensen, P., and Kupfer, D. (1997). Coming to terms with the terms of risk. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 337-343.

Kretschmar, J., Flannery, D.J., and Butcher, F. (2012). An Evaluation of the Behavioral Health/Juvenile Justice Initiative: 2006-2011. Ohio Department of Youth Services and Ohio Department of Mental Health. Available http://mentalhealth.ohio.gov/assets/children-youth-families/system-of-care/bhjj-2011-evaluation-final-6-9-12.pdf [September 2012].

Krisberg, B., and Austin, J. (1998). What works with juvenile offenders: The Massachusetts experiment. In D. Macallair and V. Schiraldi (Eds.), Reforming Juvenile Justice: Reasons and Strategies for the 21st Century (pp. 173-196). New York: Kendall Hunt.

Krisberg, B., and Vuong, L. (2009, February). Rebuilding the Infrastructure for At-risk Youth. Special Report. Oakland, CA: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

Krisberg, B., Barry, G., and Sharrock, E. (2004). Reforming Juvenile Justice through Comprehensive Community Planning. Oakland, CA: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

Krivo, L., and Peterson, R.D. (1996). Extremely disadvantaged neighborhoods and urban crime. Social Forces, 75(2), 619-648.

Krueger, R.F., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., White, J., and Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1996). Delay of gratification, psychopathology, and personality: Is low self-control specific to externalizing problems? Journal of Personality, 64(1), 107-129.

Kuhn, D. (2009). Adolescent thinking. In R.M. Lerner and L.D. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (3rd ed., pp. 152-186). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Kupchik, A., and Snyder, R.B. (2009). Impact of juvenile inmates’ perceptions and facility characteristics on victimization in juvenile correctional facilities. The Prison Journal, 89(3), 265-285.

Kurlychek, M.C., Brame, R., and Bushway, S. (2007). Enduring risk? Old criminal records and predictions of future criminal involvement. Crime and Delinquency, 53(1), 64-83.

Kurtines, W.M., and Gewirtz, J.L. (1995). Moral Development: An Introduction. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Laird, R.D., Pettit, G.S., Bates, J.E., and Dodge, K.A. (2003a). Parent’s monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents’ delinquent behavior: Evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences. Child Development, 73(3), 752-768.

Laird, R.D., Pettit, G.S., Dodge, K.A., and Bates, J.E. (2003b). Change in parents’ monitoring knowledge: Links with parenting, relationship quality, adolescent beliefs, and antisocial behavior. Social Development, 12(3), 401-419.

Landenberger, N., and Lipsey, M. (2005). The positive effects of cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders: A meta-analysis of factors associated with effective treatment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(4), 451-476.

Lansford, J.E. (2006). Peer effects in community programs. In K.A. Dodge, T.J. Dishion, and J. Lansford (Eds.), Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions (pp. 215-233). New York: Guilford Press.

Lansford, J.E., Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S., Bates, J.E., Crozier, J., and Kaplow, J. (2002). A 12-year prospective study of the long-term effects of early child physical maltreatment on psychological, behavioral, and academic problems in adolescence. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 156, 824-830.

Lanthier, F.M. (2006). Teen Court: An Evaluation of the Selection Process in Producing “Good” Candidates. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology (ASC). Available: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p126036_index.html [June 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Lanza-Kaduce, L., Frazier, C.E., Lane, J., and Bishop, D.M. (2002). Juvenile Transfer to Criminal Court Study: Final Report. Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Available: http://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/juveniletransfers.pdf [May 2012].

Larance, E.G. (2009). Juvenile Justice: Technical Assistance and Better Defined Evaluation Plans Will Help Improve Girls Delinquency Programs (GAO-09-721R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.

Latessa, E.J. (2004). Best practices of classification and assessment. Journal of Community Corrections, 12(2), 4-6, 27-30.

Latimer, J. (2001). Meta-analytic examination of youth delinquency, family treatment, and recidivism. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 43(2), 237-253.

Laub, J.H., and Boonstoppel, S.L. (2012). Understanding desistance from juvenile offending: Challenges and opportunities. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 373-394). New York: Oxford University Press.

Laub, J.H., and Sampson, R.F. (2001). Understanding desistance from crime. In M.H. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (vol. 28, pp. 1-69). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Laub, J.H., and Sampson, R.J. (2003). Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lauritsen, J.L. (2005). Racial and ethnic differences in juvenile offending. In D.F. Hawkins and K. Kempf-Leonard (Eds.), Our Children, Their Children: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Differences in American Juvenile Justice (pp. 83-104). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Laursen, B., and Collins, W.A. (2009). Parent-child relationships during adolescence. In R.

Lerner and L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology: Vol. 2. Contextual Influences on Adolescent Development (3rd ed., pp. 3-42). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Lee, J.M., Steinberg, L., and Piquero, A.R. (2010). Ethnic identity and attitudes toward police among African American juvenile offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 781-789.

Lee, J.M., Steinberg, L., Piquero, A.R., and Knight, G.P. (2011). Identity-linked perceptions of the police among African American juvenile offenders: A developmental perspective. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(1), 23-37.

Lee, M.T., Martinez, R., and Rosenfeld, R. (2001). Does immigration increase homicide? Negative evidence from three border cities. Sociological Quarterly, 42(4), 559-580.

Lee, V.E. (2000). Using hierarchial linear modeling to study social controls: The case of school effects. Educational Psychologist, 35(2), 125-141.

Lehman, C.M., Wolford, B., Stuck, Jr., E.M., and Kelly, R.E. (1998). Introduction. In D. Hammitt (Ed.), Building Collaboration Between Education and Treatment for At-Risk and Delinquent Youth: An Interdisciplinary Approach with Action Plan (pp. 1-6). Richmond: Eastern Kentucky University, College of Law Enforcement, National Juvenile Detention Association, Training Resource Center.

Leiber, M.J. (2003). The Contexts of Juvenile Justice Decision Making: When Race Matters. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Leiber, M.J. (2009, September 15). Race, pre- and postdetention, and juvenile justice decision making. Crime and Delinquency, 10(3), 333-353.

Leiber, M.J., and Johnson, J.D. (2008). Being young and black: What are their effects on juvenile justice decision making? Crime and Delinquency, 54(4), 560-581.

Leiber, M.J., Bishop, D., and Chamlin, M.B. (2011). Juvenile justice decision-making before and after the implementation of the disproportionate minority contact (DMC) mandate. Justice Quarterly, 28(3), 460-492.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Leone, P., Quinn, M.M., and Osher, D. (2002). Collaboration in the Juvenile Justice System and Youth Serving Agencies: Improving Prevention, Providing More Efficient Services, and Reducing Recidivism for Youth with Disabilities. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research. Available: http://cecp.air.org/juvenilejustice/docs/Collaboration%20in%20the%20Juvenile%20Justice%20System.pdf [June 2012].

Levine, M., and Levine, A. (1992). Helping Children: A Social History. New York: Oxford University Press.

Liberman, A. (2011). Implementation Research: Implications for Criminal & Juvenile Justice. Presentation to the Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform, January 19, National Research Council, Washington, DC.

Lind, A.E., Kanfer, R., and Earley, P.C. (1990). Voice, control, and procedural justice: Instrumental and noninstrumental concerns in fairness judgments. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 59, 952-959.

Lind, E.A., and Tyler, T.R. (1988). The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. New York: Plenum Press.

Lindsey, B.B., and Borough, R. (1931). The Dangerous Life. New York: H. Liveright.

Lindsey, B.B., and O’Higgins, H.J. (1970, reprint). The Beast. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Lippman, J. (2010, May 3). Reforms proposed for juvenile justice. New York Law Journal. Available: http://www.newyorklawjournal.com/PubArticleNY.jsp?id=1202457430541&Reforms_Proposed_for_Juvenile_Justice [April 2013].

Lipsey, M.W. (1992). Juvenile delinquency treatment: A meta-analytic inquiry into the variability of effects. In H. Cooper, D.S. Cordray, H. Hartman, L.V. Hedges, R.J. Light, T.A. Louis, and F. Mosteller (Eds.), Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook (pp. 83-127). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Lipsey, M.W. (1995). What do we learn from 400 research studies on the effectiveness of treatment with juvenile delinquents? In J. McGuire (Ed.), What Works: Reducing Re-Offending—Guidelines from Research and Practice (pp. 63-78). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

Lipsey, M.W. (1999). Can intervention rehabilitate serious delinquents? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 564(1), 142-166.

Lipsey, M.W. (2003). Those confounded moderators in meta-analysis: Good, bad, and ugly. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 587(1), 69-81.

Lipsey, M.W. (2006). The effects of community-based group treatment for delinquency: A meta-analytic search for cross-study generalizations. In K.A. Dodge, T.J. Dishion, and J.E. Lansford (Eds.), Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions (pp. 162-184). New York: Guilford Press.

Lipsey, M.W. (2009). The primary factors that characterize effective interventions with juvenile offenders: A meta-analytic overview. Victims and Offenders, 4, 124-147.

Lipsey, M.W., and Cullen, F.T. (2007). The effectiveness of correctional rehabilitation: A review of systematic reviews. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3, 297-320.

Lipsey, M.W., and Derzon, J.H. (1998). Predictors of violent or serious delinquency in adolescence and early adulthood: A synthesis of longitudinal research. In R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders. Risk Factors and Successful Interventions (pp. 86-105). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Lipsey, M., and Landenberger, N. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral interventions. In B.C. Welsh and D.P. Farrington (Eds.), Preventing Crime: What Works for Children, Offenders, Victims, and Places (pp. 57-71). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

Lipsey, M.W., and Wilson, D.B. (1993). The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment. Confirmation from meta-analysis. The American Psychologist, 48(12), 1181-1209.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Lipsey, M., and Wilson, D. (1998). Effective intervention for serious juvenile offenders: A synthesis of research. In R. Loeber and D. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions (pp. 313-345). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Lipsey, M.W., Wilson, D.B., and Cothern, L. (2000). Effective Intervention for Serious Juvenile Offenders. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Lipsey, M.W., Howell, J.C., Kelly, M.R., Chapman, G., and Carver, D. (2010). Improving the Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice Programs: A New Perspective on Evidence-Based Practice. Washington, DC: Georgetown University, Center for Juvenile Justice Reform.

Liston, C., Watts, R., Tottenham, N., Davidson, M.C., Niogi, S., Ulug, A.M., and Casey, B.J. (2006). Frontostriatal microstructure modulates efficient recruitment of cognitive control. Cerebral Cortex, 16(4), 553-560.

Lochman, J.E., and Wells, K.C. (2004). The coping power program for preadolescent aggressive boys and their parents: Outcome effects at the 1-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(4), 571-578.

Loeber, R., and Farrington, D.P. (1998). Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Loeber, R., and Farrington, D.P. (2000). Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 737-762.

Loeber, R., and Farrington, D.P. (2001). Child Delinquents: Development, Intervention, and Service Needs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Loeber, R., and Farrington, D.P. (2012). From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime: Criminal Careers, Justice Policy, and Prevention. New York: Oxford University Press.

Loeber, R., Huizinga, D.H., and Thornberry, T. (1996). Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency. Annual Report 1995-1996 presented to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. NCJ 170562.

Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., and Waschbusch, D.A. (1998). Serious and violent juvenile offenders. In R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious & Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions (pp. 13-29). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., and White, H.R. (2008). Violence and Serious Theft: Development and Prediction from Childhood to Adulthood. New York: Routledge.

LoGalbo, A.P., and Callahan, C.M. (2001). An evaluation of teen court as a juvenile crime diversion program. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 52, 1-12.

Logan, W.A. (1998). Proportionality and punishment: Imposing life without parole on juveniles. Wake Forest Law Review, 33, 681-725.

Lopez-Williams, A., Stoep, A.V., Kuro, E., and Stewart, D.G. (2006). Predictors of mental health service enrollment among juvenile offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(3), 266-280.

Lorion, R.P., Tolan, P.H., and Wahler, R.G. (1987). Prevention. In H.C. Quay (Ed.), Handbook of Juvenile Delinquency (pp. 383-416). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Losen, D. (2011). Discipline Policies, Successful Schools, and Racial Justice. Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center. Available: http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/discipline-policies [June 2012].

Loughran, T., Mulvey, E., Schubert, C., Fagan, J., Losoya, S., and Piquero, A. (2009). Estimating a dose-response relationship between length of stay and future recidivism in serious juvenile offenders. Criminology, 47(3), 699-740.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Loughran, T.A., Mulvey, E.P., Schubert, C.A., Chassin, L.A., Losoya, S., Steinberg, L., Cota-Robles, S., Piquero, A.R., Fagan, J., and Cauffman, E. (2010). Differential effects of adult court transfer on juvenile offender recidivism. Law and Human Behavior, 34(6), 476-488.

Loughran, T., Piquero, A.R., Fagan, J., and Mulvey, E. (2011a). Deterring serious and chronic offenders: Research findings and policy thoughts from the pathways to desistance study. In N. Dowd (Ed.), Justice for Kids: Keeping Kids Out of the Juvenile Justice System (pp. 201-218). New York: New York University Press.

Loughran, T.A., Paternoster, R., Piquero, A.R., and Pogarsky, G. (2011b). On ambiguity in perceptions of risk: Implications for criminal decision-making and deterrence. Criminology, 49(4), 1029-1061.

Loughran, T.A., Pogarsky, G., Piquero, A.R., and Paternoster, R. (2012). Reassessing the certainty effect in deterrence theory using insight from prospect theory. Justice Quarterly, 29, 712-741.

Lowenkamp, C.T., and Latessa, E.J. (2005). Increasing the effectiveness of correctional programming through the risk principle: Identifying offenders for residential placement. Criminology and Public Policy, 4(2), 263-290.

Lowenkamp, C.T., Latessa, E.J., and Holsinger, A.M. (2006). The risk principle in action: What have we learned from 13,676 offenders and 97 correctional programs? Crime and Delinquency, 52(1), 77-93.

Lowenkamp, C.T., Latessa, E.J., and Smith, P. (2006). Does correctional program quality really matter? The impact of adhering to the principles of effective intervention. Criminology & Public Policy, 5(3), 575-594.

Lubow, B. (2010). State of the Initiative. Speech presented at the JDAI National Inter-site Conference, October 6, Kansas City, MO. Available: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/PDFFiles/JDAI/2010StateOfTheInitiativeJan2011.pdf [May 2012].

Lucas, S.R. (1999). Tracking Inequality: Stratification and Mobility in American High Schools. New York: Teachers College Press.

Luckenbill, W., and Yeager, C. (2009). Family Involvement in Pennsylvania’s Juvenile Justice System. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/publications/238 [May 2012].

Ludwig, J., and Duncan, G. (2006). Promising solutions in housing and the community. In K.A. Dodge, T.J. Dishion, and J.E. Lansford (Eds.), Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and Solutions (pp. 312-327). New York: Guilford Press.

Luna, B., Thulborn, K.R., Munoz, D.P., Merriam, E.P., Garver, K.E., Minshew, N.J., Keshavan, M.S., Genovese, C.R., Eddy, W.F., and Sweeney, J.A. (2001). Maturation of widely distributed brain function subserves cognitive development. NeuroImage, 13(5), 786-793.

Lynn, L.E., Jr. (1997). Innovation and the public interest: Insights from the private sector. In A.A. Altshuler and R.D. Behn (Eds.), Innovation in American Government: Challenges, Opportunities, and Dilemmas (pp. 83-103). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice. (2006). Bringing Research to Policy and Practice in Juvenile Justice. Available: http://www.adjj.org/downloads/552network_overview.pdf [June 2011].

Maccoby, E.E. (2007). Historical overview of socialization research and theory. In J.E. Grusec and P.D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research (pp. 13-41). New York: Guilford Press.

MacDonald, J.M., Haviland, A., and Morral, A.R. (2009). Assessing the relationship between violent and nonviolent criminal activity among serious adolescent offenders. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 46(4), 553-580.

Mack, J.W. (1909). The juvenile court. Harvard Law Review, 23(2), 104-122.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

MacKenzie, D.L. (2001). Corrections and sentencing in the 21st century: Evidence-based corrections and sentencing. Prison Journal, 81(3), 299-312.

MacKenzie, D.L., Wilson, D., and Kider, S. (2001). Effects of correctional boot camps on offending. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 578, 126-143.

MacKinnon-Lewis, C., Kaufman, M.C., and Frabutt, J.M. (2002). Juvenile justice and mental health: Youth and families in the middle. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(4), 353-363.

Mahoney, J.L., and Stattin, H. (2000). Leisure activities and adolescent antisocial behavior: The role of structure and social context. Journal of Adolescence, 23(2), 113-127.

Mahoney, J.L., Stattin, H., and Magnusson, D. (2001). Youth recreation center participation and criminal offending: A 20-year longitudinal study of Swedish boys. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25, 509-520.

Mahoney, J.L., Stattin, H., and Lord, H. (2004). Participation in unstructured youth recreation centers and the development of antisocial behavior: Selection processes and the moderating role of deviant peers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 553-560.

Mahoney, J.L., Larson, R., Eccles, J.S., and Lord, H. (2005). Organized activities as developmental contexts for children and adolescents. In J.L. Mahoney, R.W. Larson, and J.S. Eccles (Eds.), Organized Activities as Contexts of Development: Extracurricular Activities, After-School and Community Programs (pp. 3-22). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

Maldonado-Molina, M.M., Piquero, A.R., Jennings, W.G., Bird, H., and Canino, G. (2009). Trajectories of delinquency among Puerto Rican children and adolescents at two sites. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 46(2), 144-181.

Mankey, J., Baca, P., Rondenell, S., Webb, M., and McHugh, D. (2006). Guidelines for Juvenile Information Sharing. National Criminal Justice, No. 215786. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Marsh, K. (2010). Economic evaluation of criminal justice interventions: A methodological review of the recent literature. In J. Roman, T. Dunworth, and K. Marsh (Eds.), Cost-Benefit Analysis and Crime Control (pp. 1-32). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Martin, J.A., Maccoby, E.E., and Jacklin, C.N. (1981). Mothers’ responsiveness to interactive bidding inventory for African adolescents. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 1001-1008.

Martin, M.J., McCarthy, B., Conger, R.D., Gibbons, F.X., Simons, R.L., Cutrona, C.E., and Brody, G.E. (2011). The enduring significance of racism: Discrimination and delinquency among black American youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21, 662-676.

Martinson, R. (1974). What works?—Questions and answers about prison reform. The Public Interest, 35, 22-54.

Maruna, S. (2001). Making Good: How Ex-convicts Reform and Rebuild Their Lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Maryland Department of Juvenile Services. (2008). Department of Juvenile Services (DJS) Response to Juvenile Justice Monitoring Unit (JJMU), Second Quarter Report 2008, Sections I-V. Baltimore: Maryland Department of Juvenile Services. Available: http://www.oag.state.md.us/JJMU/reports/CMR_08_Q2_DJS.pdf [June 2012].

Maschi, T., Hatcher, S.D., Schwalbe, C.S., and Rosato, N.S. (2008). Mapping the social service pathways of youth to and through the juvenile justice system: A comprehensive review. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(12), 1376-1385.

Massey, D.S., and Denton, N.A. (1993). American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass (9th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Masten, A.S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. The American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Masten, A.S., and Coatsworth, J.D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments. Lessons from research on successful children. The American Psychologist, 53(2), 205-220.

Mather, L. (2003). Fundamentals: What do clients want? What do lawyers do? Emory Law Journal, 52, 1065-1086.

Matsuda, D., and Foley, J. (1981). Profile of the Federal Effort in Juvenile Justice: A Report of the Youth Policy Institute of the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial. Washington, DC: Youth Policy Institute.

Matsueda, R.L. (1988). The current state of differential association theory. Crime and Delinquency, 34(3), 277-306.

Matsueda, R.L., Kreager, D.A., and Huizinga, D. (2006). Deterring delinquents: A rational choice model of theft and violence. American Sociological Review, 71(1), 95-122.

Matza, D. 1964. Delinquency and Drift. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Maxfield, M. (2001). Guide to Frugal Evaluation for Criminal Justice, Final Report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.

May, J.C., Delgado, M.R., Dahl, R.E., Stenger, V.A., Ryan, N.D., Fiez, J.A., and Carter, C.S. (2004). Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward-related brain circuitry in children and adolescents. Biological Psychiatry, 55(4), 359-366.

Mays, V., Cochran, S., and Barnes, N. (2007). Race, race-based discrimination, and health outcomes among African Americans. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 201-225.

McCabe, K.M., Lansing, A.E., Garland, A., and Hough, R. (2002). Gender differences in psychopathology, functional impairment, and familial risk factors among adjudicated delinquents. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(7), 860-867.

McCracken, C., and Teji, S. (2010, October). An Update. Closing California’s Division of Juvenile Facilities: An Analysis of County Institutional Capacity. Available: http://www.cjcj.org/files/An_Update_Closing_Californias_Division_of_Juvenile_Facilities.pdf [December 2011].

McElfresh, R., Yan, J., and Janku, A. (2009). MO Juvenile Offender Recidivism Report: A 2009 Statewide Juvenile Court Report. Jefferson City: Supreme Court of Missouri, Office of State Courts Administrator.

McGarvey, A. (2005, September 12). A culture of caring. The American Prospect. Available: http://prospect.org/article/culture-caring [December 2012].

McGowan, A., Hahn, R., Liberman, A., Crosby, A., Fullilove, M., Johnson, R., Moscicki, E., Price, L., Snyder, S., Tuma, F., Lowy, J., Briss, P., Cory, S., and Stone, G. (2007). Effects on violence of laws and policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from the juvenile justice system to the adult justice system. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(4), 7-28.

McShane, M.D., and Williams, F.P. (1989). The prison adjustment of juvenile offenders. Crime and Delinquency, 35(2), 254-269.

Mears, D.P. (2012). The front end of juvenile court: Intake and informal versus formal processing. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 573-605). New York: Oxford University Press.

Mears, D.P., Hay, C., Gertz, M., and Mancini, C. (2007). Public opinion and the foundations of the juvenile court. Criminology, 45(1), 223-257.

Mendel, R.A. (2000). Less Hype, More Help: Reducing Juvenile Crime, What Works—and What Doesn’t. Washington, DC: American Youth Policy Forum.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Mendel, R.A. (2009). Two Decades of JDAI: From Demonstration Project to National Standard. Baltimore, MD: Annie E. Casey Foundation. Available: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Initiatives/Juvenile%20Detention%20Alternatives%20Initiative/TwoDecadesofJDAIFromDemonstrationProjecttoNat/JDAI_National_final_10_07_09.pdf [June 2012].

Mendel, R.A. (2010). The Missouri Model: Reinventing the Practice of Rehabilitating Youthful Offenders. Baltimore, MD: Annie E. Casey Foundation. Available: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Initiatives/Juvenile%20Detention%20Alternatives%20Initiative/MOModel/MO_Fullreport_webfinal.pdf [June 2012].

Mendel, R.A. (2011). No Place for Kids, The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration. Baltimore, MD: Annie E. Casey Foundation. Available: http://www.aecf.org/OurWork/JuvenileJustice/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Juvenile%20Justice/Detention%20Reform/NoPlaceForKids/JJ_NoPlaceForKids_Full.pdf [June 2012].

Meschke, L.L., and Silbereisen, R.K. (1997). The influence of puberty, family processes, and leisure activities on the timing of first sexual experience. Journal of Adolescence, 20(4), 403-418.

Mihalic, S.F., Irwin, K., Elliott, D., Fagan, A., and Hansen, D. (2001). Blueprints for Violence Prevention. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Mihalic, S.F., Irwin, K., Fagan, A., Ballard, D., and Elliot, D.S. (2004). Successful Program Implementation: Lessons from Blueprints. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, Office and Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/204273.pdf [June 2012].

Milkman, H.B., and Wanberg, K.W. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment: A Review and Discussion for Corrections Professionals. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Corrections.

Miller, J.G. (1991). Last One Over the Wall: The Massachusetts Experiment in Closing Reform Schools. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.

Miller, J., and Mullins, C. (2006). The status of feminist theories in criminology. In F.T. Cullen, J.P. Wright, and K.R. Blevins (Eds.), Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (pp. 217-250). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Miller, T., Cohen, M., and Wiersema, B. (1996). Victim Costs and Consequences: A New Look. Research Report NCJ-155282. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/victcost.pdf [August 2012].

Minor, K., Wells, J., Soderstrom, I., Bingham, R., and Williamson, D. (1999). Sentence completion and recidivism among juveniles referred to teen courts. Journal of Crime and Delinquency, 45(4), 467-480.

Missouri Department of Social Services. (2011). Annual Report: Fiscal Year 2010. Jefferson City: Missouri Division of Youth Services.

Missouri Department of Youth Services. (2003). Missouri Division of Youth Services: Programs and Services. Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Social Services.

Mlyniec, W.J. (2008). In re Gault at 40: The right to counsel in juvenile court—A promise unfulfilled. Criminal Law Bulletin, 44, 371-412.

Moffeit, M., and Simpson, K. (2006). Research points to changing teen brain: The last area to develop, as late as in the 20s, affects impulse control and the grasp of consequences. Denver Post, p. A-11, February 19.

Moffitt, T.E. (1993). “Adolescence-limited” and “life-course-persistent” antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674-701.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Moffitt, T.E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R.J., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Poulton, R., Roberts, B.W., Ross, S., Sears, M.R., Thomson, W.M., and Caspi, A. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(7), 2693-2698.

Monahan, K.C., Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E., and Mulvey, E.P. (2009). Trajectories of antisocial behavior and psychosocial maturity from adolescence to young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 45(6), 1654-1668.

Mondoro, D.M., Wight, T., and Tuell, J.A. (2001). Expansion of OJJDP’s comprehensive strategy. OJJDP Fact Sheet. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200118.pdf [May 2012].

Montana Board of Crime Control. (2005). Montana Monitoring Standards for Juveniles in Custody for Law Enforcement Departments: A Guide to Compliance with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002 and the Montana Youth Court Act. Available: http://mbcc.mt.gov/JuvenileJustice/Compliance/law%20enforcement%20department%20monitoring%20standards.pdf [May 2012].

Moody, J. (2001). Race, school integration, and friendship segregation in America. American Journal of Sociology, 107(3), 679-716.

Moore, S. (2009). Missouri treats juveniles with lighter hand. New York Times, March 26. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/us/27juvenile.html?pagewanted=all [June 2012].

Morash, M., Bynum, T.S., and Koons-Witt, B. (1998). Women Offenders: Programming Needs and Promising Approaches. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.

Morley, E., Rossman, S.B., Kopczynski, M., Buck, J., and Gouvis, C. (2000). Comprehensive Responses to Youth at Risk: Interim Findings from the Safe Futures Initiative. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Multisite Violence Prevention Project. (2009). The ecological effects of universal and selective violence prevention programs for middle school students: A randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(3), 526-542.

Mulvey, E.P. (2005). Risk assessment in juvenile justice policy and practice. In K. Heilbrun, N.E. Goldstein, and R. Redding (Eds.), Juvenile Delinquency: Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention (pp. 209-232). New York: Oxford University Press.

Mulvey, E.P., and Iselin, A.R. (2008). Improving professional judgments of risk and amenability in juvenile justice. Future of Children, 18(2), 35-57.

Mulvey, E.P., and Lidz, C.W. (1998). The clinical prediction of violence as a conditional judgment. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33(Suppl. 1), S107-S113.

Mulvey, E.P., and Reppucci, N.D. (1988). The context of clinical judgment: The effect of resource availability on judgments of amenability to treatment in juvenile offenders. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(4), 525-545.

Mulvey, E.P., and Schubert, C. (2011). Youth in prison and beyond. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), Oxford Handbook on Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 843-867). New York: Oxford University Press.

Mulvey, E.P., Steinberg, L., Fagan, J., Cauffman, E., Piquero, A.R., Chassin, L., Knight, G.P., Brame, R., Schubert, C.A., Hecker, T., and Losoya, S.H. (2004). Theory and research on desistance from antisocial activity among serious adolescent offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2(3), 213-236.

Mulvey, E.P., Schubert, C.A., and Odgers, C.A. (2010). A method for measuring organizational functioning in juvenile justice facilities using resident rating. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(11), 1255-1277.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Mulvey, E.P., Steinberg, L., Piquero, A.R., Besana, M., Fagan, J., Schubert, C., and Cauffman, E. (2010). Trajectories of desistance and continuity in antisocial behavior following court adjudication among serious adolescent offenders. Development and Psychopathology, 22(2), 453-475.

Murray, C.A., and Cox, L.A. (1979). Beyond Probation: Juvenile Corrections and the Chronic Delinquent. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Nagin, D.S. (1998). Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first century. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (vol. 23, pp. 1-42). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Nagin, D.S., and Land, K.C. (1993). Age, criminal careers, and population heterogeneity: Specification and estimation of a nonparametric, mixed poisson model. Criminology, 31(3), 327-362.

Nagin, D.S., and Pogarsky, G. (2001). Integrating celerity, impulsivity, and extralegal sanction threats into a model of general deterrence: Theory and evidence. Criminology, 39(4), 865-892.

Nagin, D.S., and Pogarsky, G. (2003). An experimental investigation of deterrence: Cheating, self-serving bias, and impulsivity. Criminology, 41(1), 167-194.

Nagin, D.S., Piquero, A.R., Scott, E.S., and Steinberg, L. (2006). Public preferences for rehabilitation versus incarceration of juvenile offenders: Evidence from a contingent valuation survey. Criminology & Public Policy, 5(4), 627-652.

Nagin, D.S., Cullen, F.T., and Jonson, C.L. (2009). Imprisonment and reoffending. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (vol. 38, pp. 115-200). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

National Center for Juvenile Justice. (2011). National Juvenile Court Data Archive: Juvenile Court Case Records 1985-2008 [machine-readable data files]. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

National Conference of State Legislatures. (1996). A Legislator’s Guide to Comprehensive Juvenile Justice, Interventions for Youth at Risk. Denver, CO: National Conference of State Legislatures. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/165150NCJRS.pdf [May 2012].

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. (2005). Juvenile Delinquency Guidelines: Improving Practice in Juvenile Delinquency Cases. Reno, NV: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. Available: http://www.ncjfcj.org/resource-library/publications/juvenile-delinquency-guidelines-improving-court-practice-juvenile [June 2012].

National Council on Crime and Delinquency. (2007). And Justice for Some: Differential Treatment of Youth of Color in the Justice System. Oakland, CA: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2006). Principles of Drug Abuse Treatment for Criminal Justice Populations: A Research-Based Guide. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

National Juvenile Court Data Archive. (n.d). History. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/njcda/asp/history.asp [March 2012].

National Juvenile Defender Center. (2006). Florida: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/florida.php [September 2012].

National Juvenile Defender Center and Central Juvenile Defender Center. (2006). Indiana: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Available: http://www.njdc.info/indiana.php [August 2012].

National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition. (2010, August 9). Letter to Attorney General Holder and Acting Adminstrator Slowikowski.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition. (2011a). Recommendations for Juvenile Justice Reform: Opportunities for the Obama Administration. Available: http://www.cclp.org/documents/Federal%20Advocacy/NJJDPC_Opportunies%20for%20the%20Obama%20administration.pdf [February 2012].

National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition. (2011b). Recommendations for Juvenile Justice Reform: Opportunities for Action in the 112th Congress. Washington, DC. Available: http://www.juvjustice.org/media/resources/public/resource_548.pdf [May 2012].

National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition. (n.d.). Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) Recommendations and Background. Juvenile Justice Fact Sheet. A Campaign of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition. Available: http://www.act4jj.org/media/factsheets/factsheet_56.pdf [May 2012].

National Research Council. (1989). A Common Destiny: Blacks and American Society. G.D. Jaynes and R.M. Williams, Jr. (Eds.), Committee on the Status of Black Americans, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council. (2001a). America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences (Vol. 1). N. Smelser, W.J. Wilson, and F. Mitchell (Eds.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council. (2001b). Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment. Committee on the Foundations of Assessment. J. Pelligrino, N. Chudowsky, and R. Glaser (Eds). Board on Testing and Assessment, Center for Education. Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council. (2004a). Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence. Committee to Review Research on Police Policy and Practices. W. Skogan and K. Frydl (Eds.). Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. (2004b). Informing America’s Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don’t Know Keeps Hurting Us. Committee on Data and Research for Policy on Illegal Drugs. C.F. Manski, J.V. Pepper, and C.V. Petrie (Eds.). Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. (2005). Improving Evaluation of Anti-crime Programs. Committee on Improving Evaluation of Anti-Crime Programs. M. Lipsey (Ed.). Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council. (2010). Strengthening the National Institute of Justice. Committee on Assessing the Research Program of the National Institute of Justice. C.F. Wellford, B.M. Chemers, and J.A. Schuck (Eds.). Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2001). Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice. Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment and Control. J. McCord, C. Spatz Widom, and N.A. Crowell (Eds.). Committee on Law and Justice and Board on Children, Youth, and Families. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2002). Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Committee on Community-Level Programs for Youth. J. Eccles and J. A. Gootman (Eds.). Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2009). Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities. Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Among Children, Youth, and Young Adults: Research Advances and Promising Interventions. M.E. O’Connell, T. Boat, and K.E. Warner (Eds.). Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2011). The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking: Workshop Report. Committee on the Science of Adolescence. Board on Children, Youth, and Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council and National Academy of Education. (2011). High School Dropout, Graduation, and Completion Rates: Better Data, Better Measures, Better Decisions. Committee for Improved Measurement of High School Dropout and Completion Rates: Expert Guidance on Next Steps for Research and Policy Workshop. R.M. Hauser and J.A. Koenig (Eds.). Center for Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Neblett, E.W., Philip, C.L., Cogburn, C.D., and Sellers, R.M. (2006). African American adolescents’ discrimination experiences and academic achievement: Racial socialization as a cultural compensatory and protective factor. Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 199-218.

Nellis, A., and Richardson, B. (2010). Getting beyond failure: Promising approaches for reducing DMC. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8(3), 266-276.

Nelsen, K. (2012). Accessible and Fair? An Assessment of the Ramsey County Court System. Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts, Institute of Court Management. Available: http://www.ncsc.org/Educatipon-and-Careers/ICM-Fellows-Papers/ICM-Fellows-Papers-2012.aspx [October 2012].

New York Civil Liberties Union and Annenberg Institute for School Reform. (2009). Safety with Dignity: Alternatives to the Over-Policing of Schools. Available: http://www.nyclu.org/files/Safety_with_Dignity.pdf [October 2012].

New York State Office of Children and Family Services, Vera Institute of Justice, and the Missouri Services Institute. (2011). Brooklyn for Brooklyn Initiative: Improving Outcomes for Youth in State Juvenile Justice Custody, Close to Home. Draft Program Plan.

Newcomb, A.F., Bukowski, W.M., and Bagwell, C.L. (1999). Knowing the sounds: Friendship as a developmental context. In W.A. Collins and B. Laursen (Eds.), Relationships as Developmental Contexts: 29th Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (pp. 63-84). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Nielsen, A.L., Lee, M.T., and Martinez, Jr., R. (2005). Integrating race, place and motive in social disorganization theory: Lessons from a comparison of black and Latino homicide types in two immigrant destination cities. Criminology, 43(3), 837-872.

Nuñez-Neto, B. (2008). Juvenile Justice: Legislative History and Current Legislative Issues. CRS Report for Congress RL33947.

Nurmi, J. (1991). How do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning. Developmental Review, 11, 1-59.

Oakes, J. (2005). Keeping track: How Schools Structure Inequality (2nd ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

O’Brien, S. (2000). Restorative Juvenile Justice Policy Development and Implementation Assessment: A National Survey of States. Ft. Lauderdale: Florida Atlantic University, Balanced and Restorative Project.

Office of Justice Programs. (2006). OJP Financial Report, 2006. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1988). Achievements and Challenges: OJJDP’s Annual Report Fiscal Year 1987. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1995a). Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1995b). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: A National Report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1997a, August). Balanced and Restorative Justice for Juveniles: A Framework for Juvenile Justice in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1997b). Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States: 1994-1996. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1999). OJJDP’s Annual Report 1998. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2000). Evaluation of the Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP). National Criminal Justice, No. 189127. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/189127NCJRS.pdf [May 2012].

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2001a). OJJDP Research 2000. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2001b). OJJDP’s Annual Report 2000. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2004). OJJDP Annual Report 2003-2004. National Criminal Justice, No. 206630. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2009a). Disproportionate Minority Contact Technical Assistance Manual (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/dmc_ta_manual/https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/dmc_ta_manual/index.html [May 2012].

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2009b). Disproportionate Minority Contact. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/228306.pdf [June 2012].

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2009c, October). Juvenile Accountability Block Grants Program. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/226357.pdf [June 2012].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2010). Guidance Manual for Monitoring Facilities Under the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as Amended (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/compliance/guidancemanual2010.pdf [March 2012].

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2011a). Final plan for fiscal year 2011. Federal Register, 76(131), 40394. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/about/FederalRegister2011ProgramPlan.pdf [May 2012].

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2011b). Statistical Briefing Book. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/default.asp [March 2012].

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2011c). Upper Age of Original Juvenile Court Jurisdiction, 2009. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/structure_process/qa04101.asp [March 2012].

Office of the Surgeon General. (2001). Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: U.S. Public Health Service.

Ohio Department of Youth Services. (2012). Ohio Department of Youth Services Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2012. Available: http://www.dys.ohio.gov/DNN/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=ITTby3%2fXF%2fw%3d&tabid+102&mid=544 [September 2012].

Olds, D., Henderson, C.R., Jr., Cole, R., Eckenrode, J., Kitzman, H., Luckey, D., Pettitt, L., Sidora, K., Morris, P., and Powers, J. (1998). Long-term effects of nurse home visitation on children’s criminal and antisocial behavior: 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(14), 1238-1244.

Olin, S.S., Hoagwood, K.E., Rodriguez, J., Ramos, B., Burton, G., Penn, M., Crowe, M., Radigan, M., and Jensen, P.S. (2010). The application of behavior change theory to family-based services: Improving parent empowerment in children’s mental health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(4), 462-470.

Oman, R.F., Vesely, S.K., Aspy, C.B., McLeroy, K., Rodine, S., and Marshall, L. (2004). The potential protective effect of youth assets on adolescent alcohol and drug use. American Journal of Public Health, 94(8), 1425-1430.

Onifade, E., Davidson, W., and Campbell, C. (2009). Risk assessment: The predictive validity of the youth level of service case management inventory with African Americans and girls. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 7(3), 205-221.

Orr, L., Feins, J.D., Jacob, R., Beecroft, E., Sanbonmatsu, L., Katz, L.F., Liebman, J.B., and Kling, J.R. (2003). Moving to Opportunity: Interim Impacts Evaluation. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.

Osborne, J. (2008). Best Practices in Quantitative Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Osgood, D.W., and Chambers, J.M. (2000). Social disorganization outside the metropolis: An analysis of rural youth violence. Criminology, 38(1), 81-115.

Osgood, D.W., Wilson, J.K., Bachman, J.G., O’Malley, P.M., and Johnston, L.D. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 61, 635-655.

Osher, D. (2002). Creating comprehensive and collaborative systems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11(1), 91-99.

Osher, T., and Shufelt, J. (2006). What Families Think of the Juvenile Justice System: Findings from a Multi-state Prevalence Study. Available: http://www.rtc.pdx.edu/PDF/fpS0607Corrected.pdf [June 2012].

Osterlind, S.J., Koller, J.R., and Morris, E.F. (2007). Incidence and practical issues of mental health for school-aged youth in juvenile justice detention. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 13(4), 268-277.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Otto, K., and Dalbert, C. (2005). Belief in a just world and its functions for young prisoners. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(6), 559-573.

Overton, W.F. (1990). Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic: Developmental Perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Owen, B. (1998). “In the Mix”: Struggle and Survival in a Women’s Prison. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Oxford, M., Harachi, T., Catalano, R.F., and Abbott, R.F. (2001). Preadolescent predictors of substance initiation: A test of both the direct and mediated effect of family social control factors on deviant peer associations and substance initiation. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 27(4), 599-616.

Pager, D., and Shepherd, H. (2008). The sociology of discrimination: Racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit and consumer markets. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 181-209.

Parent, D.G. (1993). Conditions of confinement. Juvenile Justice, 1(1), 2-7.

Parent, D.G., Lieter, V., Kennedy, S., Livens, L.,Wentworh, D., and Wilcox, S. (1994). Conditions of Confinement: Juvenile Detention and Corrections Facilities. Research Report. Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates.

Parke, R.D., Burks, V., Carson, J., Neville, B., and Boyum, L. (1994). Family-peer relationships: A tripartite model. In R.D. Parke and S. Kellam (Eds.), Exploring Family Relationships with Other Social Contexts (pp. 115-140). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Parsons-Pollard, N.Y. (2011). Disproportionate Minority Contact: Current Issues and Policies. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Paternoster, R. (2010). How much do we really know about criminal deterrence? Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 100(3), 765-824.

Patrick, S., and Marsh, R. (2005). Juvenile diversion: Results of a 3-year experimental study. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 16, 59-73.

Patterson, G.R. (1982). Coercive Family Process. Eugene, OR: Castalia.

Patterson, G.R., and Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1984). The correlation of family management practices and delinquency. Child Development, 55(4), 1299-1307.

Patterson, G.R., Reid, J.B., and Dishion, T.J. (1992). Antisocial Boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia.

Paulsen, M.G. (1957). Fairness to the juvenile offender. Minnesota Law Review, 41(5), 547-576.

PbS Learning Institute. (2011). Performance-based Standards. Available: http://pbstandards.org/cjacaresources/93/PbS_InfoPacket2011.pdf [May 2012].

Peterson, R.D., and Krivo, L.J. (2009). Race, crime, and justice: Contexts and complexities. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 623.

Petrosino, A., and Soydan, H. (2005). The impact of program developers as evaluators on criminal recidivism: Results from meta-analyses of experimental and quasi-experimental research. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(4), 435-450.

Petrosino, A., Turpin-Petrosino, C., and Buehler, J. (2003). “Scared Straight” and Other Juvenile Awareness Programs for Preventing Juvenile Delinquency. Campbell Systematic Reviews 2004:2. The Campbell Collaboration. Available: http:www.campbellcollaboration.org/library.php [October 2012].

Petrosino, A., Turpin-Petrosino, C., and Guckenburg, S. (2010). Formal System Processing of Juveniles: Effects on Delinquency. Campbell Systematic Reviews 2010:1: The Campbell Collaboration. Available: http:www.evidencebasedassociates.com/reports/processingjuvoffenders.pdf [October 2012].

Pettit, G.S., Bates, J.E., Dodge, K.A., and Meece, D.W. (1999). The impact of after-school peer contact on early adolescent externalizing problems is moderated by parental monitoring, perceived neighborhood safety, and prior adjustment. Child Development, 70, 768-778.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Piliavin, I., and Briar, S. (1964). Police encounters with juveniles. American Journal of Sociology, 70, 206-214.

Piquero, A.R. (1998). Applying an evaluability assessment tool to community-based programs in Pittsburgh. Prison Journal, 78(1), 74-89.

Piquero, A.R. (2008a). Disproportionate minority contact. Future of Children, 18(2), 59-79.

Piquero, A.R. (2008b). Taking stock of developmental trajectories of criminal activity over the life course. In A.M. Liberman (Ed.), The Long View of Crime: A Synthesis of Longitudinal Research (pp. 23-78). New York: Springer.

Piquero, A.R., and Brame, R. (2008). Assessing the race-crime and ethnicity-crime relationship in a sample of serious adolescent delinquents. Crime and Delinquency, 54(3), 390-422.

Piquero, A.R., Gomez-Smith, Z., and Langton, L. (2004). Discerning unfairness where others may not: Low self-control and unfair sanction perception. Criminology, 42, 699-734.

Piquero, A.R., Moffitt, T.E., and Lawton, B. (2005). Race and crime: The contribution of individual, familial, and neighborhood-level risk factors to life-course-persistent offending. In D.F. Hawkins and K. Kempf-Leonard (Eds.), Our Children, Their Children: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Differences in American Juvenile Justice (pp. 202-244). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Piquero, A.R., Farrington, D.P., Welsh, B.C., Tremblay, R., and Jennings, W. (2009). Effects of early family/parent training programs on antisocial behavior and delinquency. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 5(2), 83-120.

Piquero, A.R., Cullen, F.T., Unnever, J.D., Piquero, N.L., and Gordon, J.A. (2010). Never too late: Public optimism about juvenile rehabilitation. Punishment and Society-International Journal of Penology, 12(2), 187-207.

Piquero, A.R., Paternoster, R., Pogarsky, G., and Loughran, T. (2011). Elaborating the individual difference component in deterrence theory. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 7(1), 335-360.

Piquero, A.R., Hawkins, J.D., and Kazemian, L. (2012). Criminal career patterns. In R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington (Eds.), From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime: Criminal Careers, Justice Policy, and Prevention (pp. 14-46). New York: Oxford University Press.

Pollock, J.M. (2002). Women, Prison, and Crime. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Pope, C.E., and Feyerherm, W. (1990). Minority status and juvenile justice processing. Criminal Justice Abstracts, 22(2), 327-336 (part I); 22(3), 527-542 (part II).

Pope, C.E., Lovell, R., and Hsia, H.M. (2002). Disproportionate Minority Confinement: A Review of the Research Literature from 1989 Through 2001. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.

Popova, S., Lange, S., Bekmuradov, D., Mihic, A., and Rehm, J. (2011). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevalence estimates in correctional systems: A systematic literature review. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 336-340.

Porter, P.K., Thornberry, T.P., Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., and Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1999). Risk Factors for Serious Violent Offending. Report prepared for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice, November.

Posner, D. (2004). What’s wrong with teaching to the test? Phi Delta Kappan, 85(10), 749-751.

Poulin, M., Orchowsky, S., and Iwama, J. (2011). Assessing DMC initiatives: A case study of two states. In N.Y. Parsons-Pollard (Ed.), Disproportionate Minority Contact: Current Issues and Policies (pp. 97-121). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Pratt, M.W., Hunsenberger, B., Pancer, S.M., and Alisat, S. (2003). A longitudinal analysis of personal values socialization: Correlates of a moral self-ideal in late adolescence. Social Development, 12(4), 563-585.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Prelow, H.M., Danoff-Burg, S., Swenson, R.R., and Pulgiano, D. (2004). The impact of ecological risk and perceived discrimination on the psychological adjustment of African American and European American youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(4), 375-389.

Prentky, R., and Righthand, S. (2003). Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-Soap-II) Manual. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS44913 [June 2012].

Prinstein, M.J., and Wang, S.S. (2005). False consensus and adolescent peer contagion: Examining discrepancies between perceptions and actual reported levels of friends’ deviant and health risk behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(3), 293-306.

Pumariega A.J, Glover S., Holzer C.E., and Nguyen, H. (1998). Administrative update: utilization of services. II. Utilization of mental health services in a tri-ethnic sample of adolescents. Community Mental Health Journal, 34(2), 145-156.

Puritz, P., Burrell, S., Schwartz, R., Soler, M., and Warboys, L. (1995). A Call for Justice: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings. Report of the American Bar Association. Washington, DC: American Bar Association.

Puzzanchera, C., and Adams, B. (2011a). National Disproportionate Minority Contact Data-book. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/dmcdb/index.html [June 2012].

Puzzanchera, C. and Adams, B. (2011b, December). Juvenile Arrests 2009. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: National Report Series. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/236477.pdf [May 2012].

Puzzanchera, C., Stahl, A.L., Finnegan, T.A., Tierney, N., and Snyder, H.N. (2004). Juvenile Court Statistics 2000. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

Puzzanchera, C., Adams, B., and Sickmund, M. (2011). Juvenile Court Statistics 2008. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

Quadrel, M.J., Fischhoff, B., and Davis, W. (1993). Adolescent (in)vulnerability. American Psychologist, 48(2), 102-116.

Rabin, R.F., Jennings, J.M., Campbell, J.C., and Bair-Merritt, M.H. (2009). Intimate partner violence screening tools. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(5), 439-445.

Rasmussen, A. (2004). Teen court, referral, sentencing and subsequent recidivism: Two proportional hazards models and a little speculation. Crime and Delinquency, 50, 615-635.

Rausch, M.K., and Skiba, R.J. (2006). Exclusion is not the only alternative: The children left behind project. In A.H. Reyes (Ed.), Discipline, Achievement and Race. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Education.

Rawal, P., Romansky, J., Jenuwine, M., and Lyons, J.S. (2004). Racial differences in the mental health needs and service utilization of youth in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research, 31(3), 242-254.

Real, K., and Poole, M. (2005). Innovation implementation: Conceptualization and measurement in organizational research. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 15, 63-134.

Redding, R.E. (2008). Juvenile transfer laws: An effective deterrent to delinquency? Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Available: http://works.bepress.com/richard_redding/6 [August 2012].

Regnery, A. (1985). Getting away with murder: Why the juvenile justice system needs an overhaul. Policy Review, 34, 65-68.

Reiss, A., and Farrington, D. (1991). Advancing knowledge about co-offending: Results from a prospective longitudinal survey of London males. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 82, 360-395.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Reiss, A.L., Abrams, M.T., Singer, H.S., Ross, J.L., and Denckla, M.B. (1996). Brain development, gender and IQ in children. A volumetric imaging study. Brain, 119(5), 1763-1774.

Rest, J.R., Narvaez, D., Bebeau. M.J., and Thoma, S.J. (1999). Postconventional Moral Thinking: A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach. Hillsdale: NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Reynolds, A.J., Temple, J.A., Ou, S.R., Arteaga, I.A., and White, B.A.B. (2011). School-based early childhood education and age 28 well-being: Effects by timing, dosage, and subgroups. Science, 333(6040), 360-364.

Rhodes, J., and DuBois, D. (2006). Understanding and facilitating the youth mentoring movement. Social Policy Report, 20(3), 3-19.

Rhodes, J.E. (2008). Improving youth mentoring interventions through research-based practice. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1-2), 35-42.

Rice, S.K., and White, M.D. (2010). Race, Ethnicity, and Policing: New and Essential Readings. New York: New York University Press.

Rivera, B., and Widom, C.S. (1990). Childhood victimization and violent offending. Violence and Victims, 5(1), 19-35.

Roberts, H., Liabo, K., Lucas, P., DuBois, D., and Sheldon, T.A. (2004). Mentoring to reduce antisocial behaviour in childhood. British Medical Journal, 328, 512-514.

Roberts, J.V. (2004). Public opinion and youth justice. In M.H. Tonry and A.N. Doob (Eds.), Youth Crime and Youth Justice: Comparative and Cross-National Perspective (Ch. 9). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Robertson, A., Grimes, P., and Rogers, K. (2001). A short-run cost-benefit analysis of community-based interventions for juvenile offenders. Crime and Delinquency, 47(2), 265-284.

Rodriguez, N. (2010). The cumulative effect of race and ethnicity in juvenile court outcomes and why preadjudication detention matters. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 47(3), 391-413.

Roman, J., Dunworth, T., and Marsh, K. (2010). Cost-Benefit Analysis and Crime Control. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Romanelli, L.H., Hoagwood, K.E., Kaplan, S.J., Kemp, S.P., Hartman, R.L., Trupin, C., Soto, W., Pecora, P.J., LaBarrie, T.L., Jensen, P.S., and the Child Welfare-Mental Health Best Practices Group. (2009). Best practices for mental health in child welfare: Parent support and youth empowerment guidelines. Child Welfare, 88, 189-218.

Rosenbaum, P.R., and Rubin, D.B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.

Rosenbloom, S.R., and Way, N. (2004). Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino adolescents in an urban high school. Youth and Society, 35(4), 420-451.

Rosenfeld, R. (2008). Recidivism and its discontents. Criminology and Public Policy, 7(2), 311-318.

Ross, T., and Conger, D. (2009). Bridging child welfare and juvenile justice: Preventing the unnecessary detention of foster children. In T. Ross (Ed.), Child Welfare: The Challenges of Collaboration (pp. 173-192). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Rumberger, R. (1995). Dropping out of middle school: A multilevel analysis of students and schools. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 583-625.

Rutter, M., and Maugham, B. (2002). School effectiveness findings 1979-2002. Journal of Social Psychology, 40(16), 451-475.

Ryan, J.P., and Testa, M.F. (2005). Child maltreatment and juvenile delinquency: Investigating the role of placement and placement instability. Children and Youth Services Review, 27(3), 227-249.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Ryan, J., Chiu, Y.-L., and Williams, A. (2011). Knowledge Brief: Is There a Link Between Child Welfare and Disproportionate Minority Contact in Juvenile Justice? Models for Change System Reforms for Juvenile Justice. Chicago, IL: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

Sampson, R.J., and Laub, J.H. (1993). Structural variations in juvenile court processing: Inequality, the underclass and social control. Law and Society Review, 27(2), 285-312.

Sampson, R.J., and Laub, J. (2005). A life-course view of the development of crime. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 602, 12-45.

Sampson, R.J., and Wilson, W.J. (1995). Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality. In J. Hagan and R.D. Peterson (Eds.), Crime and Inequality (pp. 37-54). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Sampson, R.J., Morenoff, J.D., and Raudenbush, S. (2005). Social anatomy of racial and ethnic disparities in violence. American Journal of Public Health, 95(2), 224-232.

Sampson, R.J., Sharkey, P., and Raudenbush, S.W. (2008). Durable effects of concentrated disadvantage on verbal ability among African American children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(3), 845-852.

Sanbonmatsu, L., Kling, J.R., Duncan, G.L., and Brooks-Gunn, J. (2007). New kids on the block: Results from the Moving to Opportunity experiment. Education Next, 7(Fall), 60-66.

Sanborn, J.B., Jr. (1998). Second-class justice, first-class punishment: The use of juvenile records in sentencing adults. Judicature, 81(5), 206-213.

Saulny, S. (2009). 25 Chicago students arrested for a middle school food fight. New York Times, November 10. Available: http://www.newyorktimes.com/2009/11/11/us/11foodfight.html [October 2011].

Saunders, D. (2011). Virginia Juvenile Justice System Referrals: Have the 2002 ABA Recommendations Been Addressed? Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts. Available: http://www.ncsc.org/~/media/Files/PDF/Education%20and%20Careers/CEDP%20Papers/2011/Juvenile%20Justice%20System%20Referrals.ashx [May 2012].

Schaeffer, C.M., and Borduin, C.M. (2005). Long-term follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy with serious and violent juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 445-453.

Schiraldi, V., Schindler, M., and Goliday, S. (2011). The end of the reform school? In F. Sherman and F. Jacobs (Eds.), Juvenile Justice: Advancing Research, Policy and Practice (Ch. 20, pp. 409-432). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Schneider, A. (1990). Deterrence and Juvenile Crime: Results from a National Policy Experiment (Research in Criminology). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Schoenwald, S. (2008). Toward evidence-based transport of evidence-based treatments: MST as an example. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 17(3), 69-91.

Schrader, J. (2007). Trying juveniles as adults: What age? Asheville Citizen Times, April 15.

Schubert, C., Mulvey, E., Loughran, T., Fagan, J., Chassin, L., Piquero, A., Losoya, S., Steinberg, L., and Cauffman, E. (2010). Predicting outcomes for youth transferred to adult court. Law and Human Behavior, 34(6), 460-467.

Schubert, C.A., Mulvey, E.P, Loughran, T., and Losoya, S. (2012). Perceptions of institutional experience and community outcomes for serious adolescent offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(1), 71-93.

Schwalbe, C.S. (2004). Re-visioning risk assessment for human service decision making. Children and Youth Services Review, 26, 561-576.

Schwalbe, C.S. (2008). Strengthening the integration of actuarial risk assessment with clinical judgment in an evidence based framework. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(12), 1458-1464.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Schwalbe, C.S., and Maschi, T. (2009). Investigating probation strategies with juvenile offenders: The influence of officers’ attitudes and youth characteristics. Law and Human Behavior, 33, 357-367.

Schwalbe, C.S., Fraser, M., Day, S., and Cooley, V. (2006). Classifying juvenile offenders according to risk of recidivism: Predictive validity, race/ethnicity, and gender. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(3), 305-324.

Schwalbe, C.S., Fraser, M., and Day, S. (2007). Predictive validity of the joint risk matrix with juvenile offenders: A focus on gender and race/ethnicity. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(3), 348-361.

Schwartz, R.G. (2001). Promoting and Sustaining Detention Reforms. Pathways to Juvenile Detention Reform 11. Baltimore, MD: Annie E. Casey Foundation.

Scott, E.S. (2000). The legal construction of adolescence. Hofstra Law Review, 29, 547-598.

Scott, E.S. (2009). Taking a Therapeutic Approach to Juvenile Offenders: The “Missouri Model.” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Scott, E.S., and Grisso, T. (2005). Developmental incompetence, due process, and juvenile justice policy. North Carolina Law Review, 83(4), 793-846.

Scott, E.S., and Steinberg, L.D. (2003). Blaming youth. Texas Law Review, 81(3), 799.

Scott, E.S., and Steinberg, L.D. (2008). Adolescent development and the regulation of youth crime. The Future of Children/Center for the Future of Children, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, 18(2), 15-33.

Scott, E.S., and Steinberg, L.D. (2010, reprint). Rethinking Juvenile Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Scott, E.S., Reppucci, N.D., and Woolard, J.L. (1995). Evaluating adolescent decision making in legal contexts. Law and Human Behavior, 19(3), 221-244.

Scott, E.S., Reppucci, N.D., Antonishak, J., and DeGennaro, J.T. (2006). Public attitudes about the culpability and punishment of young offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24(6), 815-832.

Sedlak, A.J. (2010). Introduction to the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement. Juvenile Justice Bulletin (NCJ 218390). Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.

Sedlak, A., and Bruce, C. (2010). Youth’s Characteristics and Backgrounds: Findings from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo3250 [June 2012].

Sedlak, A.J., and McPherson, K. (2010a). Survey of Youth in Residential Placement: Youth’s Needs and Services. Rockville, MD: Westat.

Sedlak, A., and McPherson, K.S. (2010b). Conditions of Confinement: Findings from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/227729.pdf [May 2012].

Sellers, R.M., and Shelton, J.N. (2003). The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1079-1092.

Sellers, R.M., Copeland-Linder, N., Martin, P.P., and Lewis, R.L. (2006). Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16(2), 187-216.

The Sentencing Project. (2010). Disproportionate Minority Contact Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project. Available: http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/jj_DMCfactsheet.pdf [February 2012].

Shadish, W.R., Cook, T.D., and Campbell, D.T. (2001). Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Shannon, L. (1980). Assessing the relationship of adult criminal careers to juvenile careers. In C. Abt (Ed.), Problems in American Social Policy. Cambridge, MA: Abt Books.

Shannon, L. (1985). A More Precise Evaluation of the Effects of Sanctions. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa, Iowa Urban Community Research Center.

Sharkey, P., and Sampson, R.J. (2010). Destination effects: Residential mobility and trajectories of adolescent violence in a stratified metropolis. Criminology, 48(3), 639-681.

Shaw, D.S., Keenan, K., and Vondra, J.I. (1994). Developmental precursors of externalizing behavior: Ages 1 to 3. Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 355-364.

Shaw, D.S., Winslow, E.B., Owens, E.B., Vondra, J.I., Cohn, J.F., and Bell, R.Q. (1998). The development of early externalizing problems among children from low-income families: A transformational perspective. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 95-107.

Shepherd, R.E. (1996). Juvenile Justice Standards Annotated: A Balanced Approach. Chicago, IL: Criminal Justice Section, American Bar Association.

Sherman, F.T. (2012). Justice for girls: Are we making progress? UCLA Law Review, 59, 1584-1628.

Sherman, L.W. (1993). Defiance deterrence and irrelevance: A theory of the criminal sanction. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(4), 445-473.

Sherman, L.W., and Strang, H. (2007). Restorative Justice: The Evidence. London, UK: The Smith Institute.

Sherman, L.W., Gottfredson, D., MacKenzie, D., Eck, J., Reuter, P., and Bushway, S. (1997). Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn’t, What’s Promising. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.

Short, J.F., and Nye, F.I. (1958). Extent of unrecorded juvenile delinquency, tentative conclusions. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 49(4), 296-302.

Shufelt, J., and Cocozza, J. (2006). Youth with Mental Health Disorders in the Juvenile Justice System: Results from a Multi-state Prevalence Study. Delmar, NY: National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice.

Shufelt, J.L., Cocozza, J.J., and Skowyra, K.R. (2010). Successfully Collaborating with the Juvenile Justice System: Benefits, Challenges, and Key Strategies. Washington, DC: Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health. Available: http://www.tapartnership.org/docs/jjResource_collaboration.pdf [March 2012].

Sickmund, M., Sladky, A., and Kang, W. (2011). Easy Access to Juvenile Court Statistics: 1985-2008. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/ezajcs/ [March 2012].

Siegel, G., and Lord, R. (2004). When Systems Collide: Improving Court Practices and Programs in Dual Jurisdiction Cases. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

Simmons, R.G., and Blyth, D.A. (1987). Moving into Adolescence: The Impact of Pubertal Change and School Context. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

Simons, R.L., Murry, V., McLoyd, V., Lin, K.-H., Cutrona, C., and Conger, R.D. (2002). Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 14(2), 371-393.

Simons, R.L., Chen, Y.-F., Stewart, E., and Brody, G. (2003). Incidents of discrimination and risk for delinquency: A longitudinal test of strain theory with an African American sample. Justice Quarterly, 20(4), 827-854.

Simons, R.L., Simons, L.G., Burt, C.H., Drummund, H., Stewart, E., Brody, G.H., Gibbons, F.X., and Cutrona, C. (2006). Supportive parenting moderates the effect of discrimination upon anger, hostile view of relationships, and violence among African American boys. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47(4), 373-389.

Simons-Morton, B., Singer, J., and Lerner, N. (2005). The observed effects of teenage passengers on the risky driving behavior of teenage drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(6), 973-982.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Singer, L.R. (1980). Standards Relating to Dispositions. Juvenile Justice Standards Project of the Institute of Judicial Administration and the American Bar Association. Available: http://www.americanbar.org/groups/criminal_justice/pages/JuvenileJusticeStandards.html [September 2012].

Singer, S.I. (1996). Recriminalizing Delinquency: Violent Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice Reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sipe, C.L. (1996). Mentoring: A Synthesis of Public/Private Venture’s Research: 1988-1995. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.

Sisk, C.L., and Zehr, J.L. (2005). Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 26(3-4), 163-174.

Skeem, J., Manchak, S., and Peterson, J. (2011). Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness: Creating a new paradigm for recidivism reduction. Law and Human Behavior, 35(2), 110-126.

Skiba, R.J., Michael, R.S., Nardo, A.C., and Peterson, R.L. (2002). The color of discipline: Sources of racial and gender disproportionality in school punishment. Urban Review, 34(4), 317-342.

Skiba, R.J., Horner, R.H., Chung, C.-G., Rausch, M.K., May, S.L., and Tobin, T. (2011). Race is not neutral: A national investigation of African American and Latino disproportionality in school discipline. School Psychology Review, 40(1), 85-107.

Skonovd, N. (2003). California youth authority. In M.D. McShane and F.P. Williams (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Juvenile Justice (pp. 40-42). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Small, S., Reynolds, A., O’Connor, C., and Cooney, S. (2005). What Science Tells Us about Cost-Effective Programs for Juvenile Delinquency Prevention. Madison: University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Smetana, J.G., and Villalobos, M. (2009). Social-cognitive development during adolescence. In R.L. Lerner and L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (3rd ed., vol. 1, pp. 187-208). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Smith, C., and Thornberry, T.P. (1995). The relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent involvement in delinquency. Criminology, 33(4), 451-481.

Smith, D.A. (1986). The neighborhood context of police behavior. Crime and Justice, 8, 313-341.

Smith, K.S., and Blackburn, A.G. (2011). Is teen court the best fit? Assessing the predictive validity of the Teen Court Peer Influence Scale. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 198-204.

Smith, M., and Alpert, G. (2002). Searching for direction: Courts, social science, and the adjudication of racial profiling claims. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 673-703.

Smith, P., Gendreau, P., and Swartz, K. (2009). Validating the principles of effective intervention: A systematic review of the contributions of meta-analysis in the field of corrections. Victims and Offenders, 4, 148-169.

Smith, S.S. (2010). Race and trust. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 453-475.

Snyder, H.N. (1998). Appendix: Serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders: An assessment of the extent of and trends in officially recognized serious criminal behavior in a delinquent population. In R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions (pp. 428-444). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Snyder, H.N., and Mulako-Wangota, J. (2011). Arrest Data Analysis Tool. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Available: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=datool&surl=/arrests/index.cfm [June 2012].

Snyder, H.N., and Sickmund, M. (1999). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Snyder, H.N., and Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Snyder, H.N., Sickmund, M., and Poe-Yamagata, E. (2000). Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Court in the 1990s: Lessons Learned from Four Studies. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.

Snyder, J., Horsch, E., and Childs, J. (1997). Peer relationships of young children: Affiliative choices and the shaping of aggressive behavior. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26(2), 145-156.

Soler, M. (2010). Missed opportunity: Waiver, race, data, and policy reform. Louisiana Law Review, 71(1), 17-34.

Soler, M., Shoenberg, D., and Schindler, M. (2009). Juvenile justice lessons for a new era. Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law & Policy, XVI, 538-541, Symposium Issue.

Soler, M.I., and Garry, L.M. (2009). Reducing Disproportionate Minority Contact Preparation at the Local Level. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS123421 [June 2012].

Somerville, L.H., Fani, N., and McClure-Tone, E.B. (2011a). Behavioral and neural representation of emotional facial expressions across the lifespan. Developmental Neuropsychology, 36(4), 408-428.

Somerville, L.H., Hare, T., and Casey, B.J. (2011b). Frontostriatal maturation predicts cognitive control failure to appetitive cues in adolescents. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 2123-2134.

Sorensen, J., Hope, R., and Stemen, R. (2003). Racial disproportionality in state prison admissions: Can regional variation be explained by differential arrest rates? Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(1), 73-84.

Sowell, E.R., Thompson, P.M., Holmes, C.J., Jernigan, T.L., and Toga, A.W. (1999). In vivo evidence for post-adolescent brain maturation in frontal and striatal regions. Nature Neuroscience, 2(10), 859-861.

Sowell, E.R., Peterson, B.S., Thompson, P.M., Welcome, S.E., Henkenius, A.L., and Toga, A.W. (2003). Mapping cortical change across the human life span. Nature Neuroscience, 6(3), 309-315.

Sowell, E.R., Thompson, P.M., and Toga, A.W. (2004). Mapping changes in the human cortex throughout the span of life. The Neuroscientist, 10(4), 372-392.

The Spangenberg Group. (2001). Keeping Defender Workloads Manageable. Prepared for the Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/185632.pdf [August 2012].

Spear, L.P. (2010). The Behavioral Neuroscience of Adolescence. New York: W.W. Norton.

Spear, L.P., and Varlinskaya, E.I. (2010). Sensitivity to ethanol and other hedonic stimuli in an animal model of adolescence: Implications for prevention science? Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 236-243.

Sprott, J.B. (1998). Understanding public opposition to a separate youth justice system. Crime and Delinquency, 44(3), 399-411.

Sprott, J.B., and Greene, C. (2008). Trust and confidence in the courts: Does the quality of treatment young offenders receive affect their views of the courts? Crime and Delinquency, 56(2), 269-289.

St. Pierre, T.L., Mark, M.M., Kaltreider, D.L., and Campbell, B. (2001). Boys & girls clubs and school collaborations: A longitudinal study of a multicomponent substance abuse prevention program for high-risk elementary school children. Journal of Community Psychology, 29(2), 87-106.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Stahl, A., Sickmund, M., and Snyder, H.N. (2004). Statistics on Violent Girls in the Juvenile Justice System: Facts, Myths, and Implications. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Nashville, TN.

Stapleton, W.V. (1993). Changing Patterns in the Administration of Modern Juvenile Justice. Chico: California State University-Chico.

Stapleton, W.V., and Teitelbaum, L.E. (1972). In Defense of Youth: A Study of the Role of Counsel in American Juvenile Courts. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

State of California Department of the Youth Authority. (n.d.). A Comparison of the Youth Authority’s Institution and Parole Populations: June 30 Each Year, 1993-2002. Available: http://1.usa.gov/prwraw [June 2012].

Steffensmeier, D., Schwartz, J., Zhong, H.U.A., and Ackerman, J. (2005). An assessment of recent trends in girls’ violence using diverse longitudinal sources: Is the gender gap closing? Criminology, 43(2), 355-406.

Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent-adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1-19.

Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28(1), 78-106.

Steinberg, L. (2009). Should the science of adolescent brain development inform public policy? American Psychologist, 64(8), 739-750.

Steinberg, L. (2010). A dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 216-224.

Steinberg, L., and Cauffman, E. (1996). Maturity of judgment in adolescence: Psychosocial factors in adolescent decision making. Law and Human Behavior, 20(3), 249-272.

Steinberg, L., and Monahan, K.C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1531-1543.

Steinberg, L., and Scott, E.S. (2003). Less guilty by reason of adolescence: Developmental immaturity, diminished responsibility, and the juvenile death penalty. American Psychologist, 58(12), 1009-1018.

Steinberg, L., Chung, H.L., and Little, M. (2004). Reentry of young offenders from the justice system: A developmental perspective. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2(1), 21-38.

Steinberg, L., Albert, D., Cauffman, E., Banich, M., Graham, S., and Woolard, J.L. (2008). Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report. Evidence for the dual-systems model. Developmental Psychology, 44, 17764-17789.

Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E., Woolard, J., Graham, S., and Banich, M. (2009a). Are adolescents less mature than adults? Minors’ access to abortion, the juvenile death penalty, and the alleged APA “flip-flop.” American Psychologist, 64(7), 583-594.

Steinberg, L., Graham, S., O’Brien, L., Woolard, J., Cauffman, E., and Banich, M. (2009b). Age differences in future orientation and delay discounting. Child Development, 80, 28-44.

Stewart, A., Livingston, M., and Dennison, S. (2008). Transitions and turning points: Examining the links between child maltreatment and juvenile offending. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(1), 51-66.

Stewart, E.A., and Simons, R.L. (2010). Race, code of the street, and violent delinquency: A multilevel investigation of neighborhood street culture and individual norms of violence. Criminology, 48(2), 569-605.

Stewart, E.A., Baumer, E.P., Brunson, R.K., and Simons, R. (2009). Neighborhood racial context and perceptions of police-based racial discrimination among black youth. Criminology, 47(3), 847-887.

Strang, H., Sherman, L., Angel, C.M.,Woods, D.J., Bennett, S., Newbury-Birch, D., and Inkpen, N. (2006). Victim evaluations of face-to-face restorative justice conferences: A quasi-experimental analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 62, 281-306.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Summary of National Findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Swanson, J., Burris, S., Moss, K., Ullman, M., and Ranney, L. (2006). Justice disparities: Does the ADA enforcement system treat people with psychiatric disabilities fairly? Maryland Law Review, 66, 94-139.

Swanston, H.Y., Plunkett, A.M., O’Toole, B.I., Shrimpton, S., Parkinson, P.N., and Oates, R.K. (2003). Nine years after child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(8), 967-984.

Switzer, G.E., Simmons, R.G., Dew, M.A., Regalski, J.M., and Wang, C.-H. (1995). The effect of a school-based helper program on adolescent self-image, attitudes, and behavior. Journal of Early Adolescence, 15(4), 429-455.

Szymanski, L.A. (2008). Juvenile Delinquents Right to a Jury Trial. Pittsburgh, PA: National Center for Juvenile Justice.

Tanenhaus, D.S. (2004). Juvenile Justice in the Making. New York: Oxford University Press.

Tanenhaus, D.S. (2012). The elusive juvenile court, its origins, practices, and reinventions. In B.C. Feld and D.M. Bishop (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice (pp. 420-441). New York: Oxford University Press.

Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2007). Recommendation against policies facilitating the transfer of juveniles from juvenile to adult justice systems for the purpose of reducing violence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(4), 5-6.

Task Force on Transforming Juvenile Justice. (2009). Charting A New Course: A Blueprint for Transforming Juvenile Justice in New York State. Available: http://www.vera.org/download?file=2944/Charting-a-new-course-A-blueprint-for-transforming-juvenile-justice-in-New-York-State.pdf [September 2010].

Teplin, L.A., Abram, K.M., McClelland, G.M., Dulcan, M.K., and Mericle, A.A. (2002). Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(12), 1133-1143.

Texas Appleseed. (2010). Texas’ School-to-Prison Pipeline. Ticketing, Arrest and Use of Force in Schools: How the Myth of the “Blackboard Jungle” Reshaped School Disciplinary Processes. Available: http://www.texasappleseed.net/images/stories/reports/Ticketing_Booklet_web.pdf [June 2012].

Theriot, M.T. (2009). School resource officers and the criminalization of student behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(3), 280-287.

Thomason, M.E., Henry, M.L., Hamilton, J.P., Joormann, J., Pine, D.S., Ernst, M., Goldman, D., Mogg, K., Bradley, B.P., Britton, J.C., Lindstrom, K.M., Monk, C.S., Sankin, L.S., Louro, H.M.C., and Gotlib, I.H. (2010). Neural and behavioral responses to threatening emotion faces in children as a function of the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene. Biological Psychology, 85(1), 38-44.

Thompson, R.A., and Nelson, C.A. (2001). Developmental science and the media. Early brain development. American Psychologist, 56(1), 5-15.

Thornberry, T.P. (2010, June). A Strategy for Developing Evidence-based Gang Intervention Programs. Paper presented at the Eurogang Conference, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany.

Thornberry, T.P., and Krohn, M.D. (2000). The self-report method for measuring delinquency and crime. In D. Duffee (Ed.), Measurement and Analysis of Crime and Justice (vol. 4). Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.

Thornberry, T.P., Krohn, M.D., Lizotte, A.J., Smith, C.A., and Tobin, K. (2003). Gangs and Delinquency in Developmental Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Thornberry, T.P., Huizinga, D., and Loeber, R. (2004). Causes and correlates studies: Findings and policy implications. Juvenile Justice, 9(1), 3-19.

Thornberry, T.P., Henry, K.L., Ireland, T.O., and Smith, C.A. (2010). The causal impact of childhood-limited maltreatment and adolescent maltreatment on early adult adjustment. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(4), 359-365.

Thornberry, T.P., Giordano, P.C., Uggen, C., Matsuda, M., Masten, A.S., Bulten, E., and Donker, A.G. (2012). Explanations for offending. In R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington (Eds.), From Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime: Criminal Careers, Justice Policy and Prevention (pp. 47-85). New York: Oxford University Press.

Tierney, J.P., Grossman, J.B., and Resch, N.L. (1995). Making a Difference: An Impact Study of Big Brothers/Big Sisters. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.

Tiffan, S. (1982). In Whose Best Interest? Child Welfare Reform in the Progressive Era. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Tonry, M.H. (1995). Malign Neglect: Race, Crime, and Punishment in America. New York: Oxford University Press.

Torbet, P.M. (1996). Juvenile Probation: The Workhorse of the Juvenile Justice System. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/workhors.pdf [August 2012].

Torbet, P., Gable, R., Hurst IV, H., Montgomery, I., Szymanski, L., and Thomas, D. (1996). State Responses to Serious and Violent Juvenile Crime. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Tottenham, N., Hare, T.A., and Casey, B.J. (2011). Behavioral assessment of emotion discrimination, emotion regulation, and cognitive control in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 39.

Trulson, C.R., Marquart, J.W., Mullings, J.L., and Caeti, T.J. (2007). In between adolescence and adulthood: Recidivism outcomes for a cohort of state delinquents. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 3, 355-377.

Trupin, E.W., Turner, A.P., Stewart, D., and Wood, P. (2004). Transition planning and recidivism among mentally ill juvenile offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 22(4), 599-610.

Tyler, T. (1990). Why People Obey the Law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Tyler, T. (2001). Trust and law and law abidingness: A model of social regulation. Boston University Law Review, 81(2), 361.

Tyler, T.R. (2006). Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 375-400.

Tyler, T.R., and Fagan, J. (2008). Legitimacy, compliance and cooperation: Procedural justice and citizen ties to the law. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 6, 231-275.

Tyler, T.R., and Huo, Y.J. (2002). Trust in the Law: Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Uddin, L.Q., Menon, V., and Supekar, K. (2010). Typical and atypical development of functional human brain networks: Insights from resting-state fMRI. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 4.

Umbreit, M.S., Vos, B., Coates, R.B., and Lightfoot, E. (2011). Restorative justice in the twenty-first century: A social movement full of opportunities and pitfalls. Marquette Law Review, 89, 251-304.

University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute. (2008). Evaluation of the Department of Youth Services Education Initiative. Hadley: University of Massachusetts.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

U.S. Census Bureau. (2010a). PINC-04. Educational Attainment—People 18 Years Old and Over, by Total Money Earnings in 2009, Work Experience in 2009, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex (Female). Available: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstables/032010/perinc/new04_019.htm [August 2011].

U.S. Census Bureau. (2010b). PINC-04. Educational Attainment—People 18 Years Old and Over, by Total Money Earnings in 2009, Work Experience in 2009 Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex (Male). Available: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstables/032010/perinc/new04_010.htm [August 2011].

U.S. Department of Education. (2012). Revealing New Truths About Our Nation’s Schools. The Office for Civil Rights, The Transformed Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC). Washington, DC: Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education. Available: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/crdc-2012-data-summary.pdf [August 2012].

U.S. Department of Justice. (2011, July 21). Attorney General Holder, Secretary Duncan Announce Effort to Respond to School-to-Prison Pipeline by Supporting Good Discipline Practices. Available: http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2011/July/11-ag-951.html [September 2012].

U.S. Department of Justice. (2012, January 26). Department of Justice, MacArthur Foundation Provide $2 Million to Support Juvenile Justice Reform. Available: http://www.ojp.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/2012/ojppr012612.pdf [February 2013].

U.S. General Accounting Office. (1999). Youth Mentoring Programs: Fiscal Year 1998. GAO/HEHS-99-129R. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office.

U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2009, September 22). A Time Frame for Enhancing Grant Monitoring Documentation and Verification of Data Quality Would Help Improve Accountability and Resource Allocation Decisions. GAO-09-850R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office. Available: http://gao.gov/assets/100/96377.pdf [June 2012].

van den Bos, W., van Dijk, E., Westenberg, M., Rombouts, S.A.R.B., and Crone, E.A. (2011). Changing brains, changing perspectives: The neurocognitive development of reciprocity. Psychological Science, 22(1), 60-70.

van der Geest, V., Blokland, A., and Bijleveld, C. (2009). Delinquent development in a sample of high-risk youth. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 46(2), 111-143.

Van Leijenhorst, L., Zanolie, K., Van Meel, C.S., Westenberg, P.M., Rombouts, S.A.R.B., and Crone, E.A. (2010). What motivates the adolescent? Brain regions mediating reward sensitivity across adolescence. Cerebral Cortex, 20(1), 61-69.

Van Waters, M. (1925). Youth in Conflict. New York: Republic.

Vanneman, A., Hamilton, L., Baldwin-Anderson, J., and Rahman, T. (2009). Achievement Gaps: How Black and White Students in Public Schools Perform in Mathematics and Reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. (NCES 2009-455). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/studies/2009455.pdf [September 2012].

Vega, W.A., Zimmerman, R.S., Khoury, E.L., Gil, A.G., and Warheit, G.J. (1995). Cultural-conflicts and problem behaviors of Latino adolescents in-home and school environments. Journal of Community Psychology, 23(2), 167-179.

Verdugo, R.R. (2002). Race-ethnicity, social class, and zero-tolerance policies: The cultural and structural wars. Education and Urban Society, 35(1), 50-75.

Vieraitis, L.M., Kovandzic, T.V., and Marvell, T.B. (2007). The criminogenic effects of imprisonment: Evidence from state panel data, 1974-2002. Criminology and Public Policy, 6(3), 589-622.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Vincent, G. (2011). Risk/Needs Assessment for Recidivism: Implementation and Effectiveness Study. Available: http://www.modelsforchange.net/about/research/vincent.html [June 2012].

Vincent, G., Grisso, T., Terry, A., and Banks, S. (2008). Sex and race differences in mental health symptoms in juvenile justice: The MAYSI-2 national meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(3), 282-290.

Vincent, G., Chapman, J., and Cook, N. (2011). Risk-needs assessment in juvenile justice: Predictive validity of the SAVRY, racial differences, and the contribution of needs factors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(1), 42-62.

Vorrath, H.H., and Brendtro, L.K. (1985). Positive Peer Culture (3rd ed.). New York: Aldine.

Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. In L. Vygotsky and M. Cole (Eds.), Mind and Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes (pp. 79-91). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Wagman, M.T. (2000). Innocence lost in the wake of green: The trend is clear: If you are old enough to do the crime, then you are old enough to do the time. Catholic University Law Review, 49(2), 643-677.

Wald, J., and Losen, D.J. (2003). Defining and redirecting a school-to-prison pipeline. New Directions for Youth Development, (99), 9-15.

Wald, J., and Thurau, L. (2010). Taking safety too far? Education Week, 29(22), 24-25.

Walker, S., Spohn, C., and DeLone, M. (2000). The Color of Justice: Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.

Walkover, A. (1984). The infancy defense in the new juvenile court. UCLA Law Review, 31(3), 503-562.

Wallis, C. (2004). What makes teens tick? Time Magazine, p. 56, May 10.

Walters, G.D. (2011). Taking the next step: Combining incrementally valid indicators to improve recidivism prediction. Assessment, 18(2), 227-233.

Warren, P., Tomaskovic-Devey, D., Smith, W.R., Zingraff, M., and Mason, M. (2006). Driving while black: Bias processes and racial disparity in police stops. Criminology, 44(3), 709-738.

The Washington Post. (2011). Federal office of juvenile justice needs a leader—and fast. The Washington Post, July 22. Available: http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/federal-office-of-juvenile-justice-needs-a-leader-and-fast/2011/07/14/gIQAX0kHUI_story.html [February 2011].

Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2011). Return on Investment: Evidence-Based Options to Improve Statewide Outcomes. Olympia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Available: http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/11-07-1201.pdf [June 2012].

Wasserman, G.A., McReynolds, L.S., Schwalbe, C.S., Keating, J.M., and Jones, S.A. (2010). Psychiatric disorder, comorbidity, and suicidal behavior in juvenile justice youth. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(12), 1361-1376.

Watkins, J.C. (1998). The Juvenile Justice Century: A Sociolegal Commentary on American Juvenile Courts. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Watson, M., Solomon, D., Battistich, V., Schaps, E., and Solomon, J. (1989). The child development project: Combining traditional and developmental approaches to values education. In L.P. Nucci (Ed.), Moral Development and Character Education: A Dialogue. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.

Waxman, H.A., and Collins, S. (2004). Incarceration of Youth Who Are Waiting for Community Mental Health Services in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Government Reform.

Waylen, A., and Wolke, D. (2004). Sex ‘n’ drugs ‘n’ rock ‘n’ roll: The meaning and social consequences of pubertal timing. European Journal of Endocrinology, 151, 151-159.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Webster, R.A., Hunter, M., and Keats, J.A. (1994). Peer and parental influences on adolescents substance use: A path-analysis. International Journal of the Addictions, 29(5), 647-657.

Weick, K.E. (2001). Making Sense of the Organization. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Weiss, B., Caron, A., Ball, S., Tapp, J., Johnson, M., and Weisz, J.R. (2005). Iatrogenic effects of group treatment for antisocial youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1036-1044.

Weitzer, R., and Brunson, R.K. (2009). Strategic responses to the police among inner city youth. The Sociological Quarterly, 50, 235-256.

Weitzer, R., and Tuch, S. (2002). Perceptions of racial profiling: Race, class, and personal experience. Criminology, 40, 435-446.

Weitzer, R., and Tuch, S. (2006). Race and Policing in America: Conflict and Reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Welsh, B.C., Sullivan, C.J., and Olds, D. (2010). When early crime prevention goes to scale: A new look at the evidence. Prevention Science, 11(2), 115-125.

Welsh, W.N., Jenkins, P.H., and Harris, P.W. (1999). Reducing minority overrepresentation in juvenile justice: Results of community-based delinquency prevention in Harrisburg. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36(1), 87-110.

Wentzel, K.R. (1998). Social support and adjustment in middle school: The role of parents, teachers, and peers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(2), 202-209.

Wentzel, K.R. (2002). Are effective teachers like good parents? Teaching styles and student adjustment in early adolescence. Child Development, 73(1), 287-301.

Wexler, D.B. (2000). Just some juvenile thinking about delinquent behavior: A therapeutic jurisprudence approach to relapse prevention planning and youth advisory juries. University of Missouri at Kansas City Law Review, 69, 96-105.

Whitbeck, L.B., Hoyt, D.R., McMorris, B.J., Chen, X.J., and Stubben, J.D. (2001). Perceived discrimination and early substance abuse among American Indian children. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42(4), 405-424.

White House Task Force for Disadvantaged Youth. (2003, October). White House Task Force for Disadvantaged Youth Final Report. Available: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/fysb/content/docs/white_house_task_force.pdf [May 2012].

Widom, C.S., and Maxfield, M.G. (2001, February). An update on the “cycle of violence.” National Institute of Justice Research in Brief. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/184894.pdf [June 2012].

Wiebush, R. (2002). Graduated Sanctions for Juvenile Offenders: A Program Model and Planning Guide. Reno, NV: Juvenile Sanctions Center, National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.

Wiebush, R.G., Baird, C., Krisberg, B., and Onek, D. (1995). Risk assessment and classification for serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders. In J.C. Howell, B. Krisberg, J.D.

Hawkins, and J.J. Wilson (Eds.), Serious, Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: A Sourcebook (pp. 171-212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Wiig, J.K., and Tuell, J.A. (2008, revised). Guidebook for Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare System Coordination and Integration: Framework for Improved Outcomes. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.

Wiig, J.K., and Tuell, J.A. (2011). Celebrating 10 years of juvenile justice child welfare systems integration work. The Connector, 1(1). Available: http://www.rfkchildren.org/images/stories/the%20connector%20winter%202011.pdf [June 2012].

Wiig, J., Widom, C.S., and Tuell, J.A. (2003). Understanding Child Maltreatment and Juvenile Delinquency: From Research to Effective Program, Practice, and Systemic Solutions.Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Wiig, J.K., Cocozza, J.J., Morris, J.A., Shufelt, J.L., and Skowyra, K.R. (2010). Sustaining Change: A Models for Change Guidebook. Available: http://modelsforchange.net/publications/289 [June 2012].

Wilson, J.J., and Howell, J.C. (1993). A Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent and Juvenile Offenders. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.

Wilson, J.Q. (1995). Crime and public policy. In J.Q. Wilson and J. Petersilia (Eds.), Crime (pp. 489-507). San Francisco, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press.

Wilson, W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Wilson, W.J. (2009). More Than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City. New York: W.W. Norton.

Winick, B.J. (1998). Client denial and resistance in the advance directive context: Reflections on how attorneys can identify and deal with a psycholegal soft spot. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4, 901-923.

Winick, B.J. (1999). Therapeutic jurisprudence and the civil commitment hearing. Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues, 10, 37-60.

Wolfgang, M.E. (1983). Delinquency in two birth cohorts. American Behavioral Scientist, 27(1), 75.

Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., and Sellin, J.T. (1972). Delinquency in a Birth Cohort. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Wolfgang, M.E., Thornberry, T.P., and Figlio, R.M. (1987). From Boy to Man, from Delinquency to Crime. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Wong, C.A., Eccles, J.S., and Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents’ school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71(6), 1197-1232.

Woolard, J.L., Harvell, S., and Graham, S. (2008). Anticipatory injustice among adolescents: Age and racial/ethnic differences in perceived unfairness of the justice system. Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 26(2), 207-226.

Yan, J., and Dannerbeck, A. (2011). Exploring the relationship between gender, mental health needs, and treatment orders in a metropolitan juvenile court. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(1), 9-22.

Yang, M., Liu, Y., and Coid, J. (2010). Applying Neural Networks and Other Statistical Models to the Classification of Serious Offenders and the Prediction of Recidivism. Ministry of Justice Research Series 6/10. Available: http://library.npia.police.uk/docs/moj/neural-networks-research.pdf [June 2012].

Yoshikawa, H. (1994). Prevention as cumulative protection: Effects of early family support and education on chronic delinquency and its risks. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 28-54.

Zaff, J.F., Moore, K.A., Papillo, A.R., and Williams, S. (2003). Implications of extracurricular activity participation during adolescence on positive outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18(6), 599-630.

Zahn, M.A., Hawkins, S.R., Chiancone, J., and Whitworth, A. (2008). The Girls Study Group—Charting the Way to Delinquency Prevention for Girls. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Zahn, M.A., Agnew, R., Fishbein, D., Miller, S., Winn, D., Dakoff, G., Kruttschnitt, C., Giordano, P., Gottfredson, D.C., Payne, A.A., Feld, B.C., and Lind, M.C. (2010). Causes and Correlates of Girls’ Delinquency. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

Zerbe, R. (2007). The legal foundation of cost-benefit analysis. Charleston Law Review, 2(1), 93-184.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×

Zerbe, R., and Dively, D. (1997). Benefit Cost Analysis: In Theory and Practice. New York: Addison-Wesley.

Zimring, F.E. (1978). Confronting Youth Crime: Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Sentencing Policy toward Young Offenders. New York: Holmes and Meier.

Zimring, F.E. (1998). A youth violence epidemic: Myth or reality? In F.E. Zimring (Ed.), American Youth Violence (pp. 31-48). New York: Oxford University Press.

Zimring, F. (2004). An American Travesty: Legal Responses to Adolescent Sex Offending. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Zimring, F.E., and Hawkins, G. (1973). Deterrence: The Legal Threat in Crime Control. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Zuckerbrot, R.A., Maxon, L., Pagar, D., Davies, M., Fisher, P.W., and Shaffer, D. (2007). Adolescent depression screening in primary care: Feasibility and acceptability. Pediatrics, 119(1), 101-108.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 333
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 334
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 335
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 336
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 337
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 338
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 339
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 340
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 341
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 342
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 343
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 344
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 345
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 346
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 347
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 348
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 349
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 350
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 351
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 352
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 353
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 354
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 355
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 356
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 357
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 358
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 359
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 360
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 361
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 362
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 363
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 364
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 365
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 366
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 367
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 368
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 369
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 370
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 371
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 372
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 373
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 374
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 375
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 376
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 377
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 378
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 379
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 380
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 381
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 382
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 383
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 384
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 385
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 386
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 387
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 388
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 389
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 390
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 391
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2013. Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14685.
×
Page 392
Next: Appendix A: Costs and Benefits of Juvenile Justice Interventions »
Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $69.00 Buy Ebook | $54.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks.

Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century.

It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!