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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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Page 88
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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Page 89
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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Page 90
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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Page 91
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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Page 92
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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Page 93
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Quantitative Modeling of Human Performance in Complex, Dynamic Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1490.
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References Air Force Studies Board Committee 1982 Automation in Combat cry.. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Alp, J.L., and MJ. Coombs 1984 Edgar Systems, Concepts and Ex~nples. England: NCC. Anderson, J.R., C. Boyle, and B. Reiser 1985 Intelligent tutoring systems Science Z28:456~68. Ashkenas, I.L. 1984 ~entr-five yeam of handling qualities research. Joumal of Aircraft 21~5~:289- 301. Baron, S. 1984 A control theoretic approach to modeling human supen~soty control of dynamic systems. Pp. 147 in W.B. Rouse, ea., Advances in Man-Machine Systems ~search. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press Inn Baron, S., and D.L Kleinman 1969 The human as an optimal controller and information processor. IEEE Transactions on Man-Machine Swans MMS-10:9-16. Baron, S., and W.H. Levison 1977 Display analysis with the optimal control model of the human operator. Human Factors 19(5):437~57. l9SO Lee optional control model: Status and future directions Proceeding of IEEE Conference of C - Ems arut Society. Cambndge, MA: IEEE. Baron, S., G. Zachanas, R. Muralidharan, and R. I~ncraft 1980 PROCRU: A model for analyzing flight crew procedures in approach to landing. Proceedings of Eighth IFAC World Congress Tolyo, Japan. Birmingham, H.P., and F.V. Taylor 1954 A design philosophy for man-machine Untrod Systems. Proceedings of the Institute of To Engineers 42:17481758. Boff, K., L. Kaufman, and J. Thomas 1986 Handbook of Perception and Human Perfonnance. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Boose, J.H. 1986 E~ise Transfer for EN System Design. New York: Elsevier. 87

88 REFERENCES Broadbent, D.C. 1958 Perception and Communicator. London: Pergamon. Chu, Y.Y., and W.B. Rouse 1979 Adaptive allocation of decision making responsibility between human and computer in multi-task situations. IEEE Transaciions on S~tems, Man, and Cybemencs SMC-9~123:769-778. Clement, W., H. J=, and D. Graham 1968 A manual control~isplay theory applied to instrument landings of a jet transports IEEE Transacuans on Man-Mach~e Systems MMS-9:93-110. Corker, K, L. Day B. Papazian, and R Pew 1986 Development of an Advanced Task Analogs Methodology and Demor~anon for Army-NASA Aircrew/Aircrap InteB~a~n. Technical Report 6124. Cambridge, MA: Bolt, Beranek & Newman Laboratones. Elkind, J.I. 1956 Charact~tics of Sunple Manual Cont7~01 Systems. I~ngton, MA: MIT L]ncoln Laboratory Press. Elkind, J.I., S. Card, J. Hochberg, and B.M. Huey 1989 Human Performance Models for Computer-Aided Eng~neeru~. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press Wilson, D.G., and H. Hill 1948 The Interaction of Responses to Step Funcuan Sbtru~li 1. Opposed Steps of Constant Amplitude. Technical Report MCREXD~94-2P. Dayton, Ohio: Wnght-Patterson Air Force Base. Embrey, D.E. 1984 S~M-MAUD: An Approach to Assessing Human Error Probabilities Using Structured Expert Jud~eni. lLchni~:al Report NtJREG/C:R-3518. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Encsson, K.A., and H.A. Simon 1984 Protocol Analysis: Verbal Report as Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Ernst, G. and ~ Newell 1969 GPS: A Case Study in Genitalia and Probe Solving. New York: Academic Press. Ferrell, W.R., and T.B. Sheridan 1967 Supervisory control of remote manipulation. IEEE Spectrum 4:81~. Fitts, P.M., ed. 1951 Human Engineering for an Effective Air-Navigatzon and Traffic Control System. Washington, D.C.: National Research Council. Fitts, P.M. 1954 The information capacity of the human motor system in oont~lling the amplitude of movement. Joumal of E~nental Psychology 47:381-389. Gal, E.G., and IRE. Curly 1976 A model of the human observer in failure detection tasks. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cyben~eacs SMC~:85-91. Garner, W. 1962 Uncertainty and Smuc~re as Psychological Consoucts. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Glenn, F.~ 1982 A discrete learning model for manual pursuit tracking. Proceedings of the IEEE 1982 Intemanonal Conference on Cybernetics and Society. Cambndge, MA: IEEE.

REFERENCES 89 Glenn, F.A-, and S.M. Doane 1981 A Hums Operator Simmer Mode! of the NASA Terminal Configured Ve- hicte (TC~. Technical Report NASA-15983. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goldman, A.S. and l:B. Slatted 1964 Ma~ainab~y. New York: John Wiley tic Sons. Goodall, ~ 1985 ~ Guile to EN S'e?ns. England: Learned Information. Green, 1:).M. and Joy Swets 1966 Signal Detect Theory and P~choph~ics. New York: John Alley & Sons. Greening, C.P. 1976 Mathematical modeling of air-to-ground target acquisition. Hu~zwz Factors 18(2~:111-148. 1978 Analysis of Crew/Cockpi Models for Advanced A*crap. Technical Report NWC-~6020. China Lake, California: Naval Weapons Center. 1986 Targedng Decisions win Mundane Data Sowees. Technical Report NWCIP6706. China Lake, California: Naval Weapons Center. Hams, R.M., F^. Glenn, H.P. Iavecchia, and A. Zalkad 1986 Human Operator Simulator. Pp. 31-39 in W. Karwowski, ea., Trendy in Ei~gonomics/M~m~ Factom III. New York: North-Holland. Hams, R.M., H.P. Iavecchia, L.V. Ross, and S.C Shader 1987 Microcomputer Human Operator Simulator (HOS-IV). Proceeding; of the Hums Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Helson, H. 1944 ASmdy of Aided and Velocity Prancing. Foxboro,MA Foxboro Company. Hick, WE. 1952 On the rate of gain of information. Arm Animal of ~xri~nental P - hod 4:11-26. Hunt, E. and M. Kinsman 1986 Unified model of attention and problem souring. Psychological Review 93:446- 461. Hunt, AM. and W.B. Rouse 1984 A furor rule-based model of human problem solving. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics SMC-14:112-120. Kleinman, D.L., and R.E. Curry Kraiss, K.F. 1981 A display design and evaluation study using task network models. IEEE Transactions ~ Syrians, Man, and Cybernetics SMC-11(5). Kuperman, G.G., R.L. Hann, and T. Bensford 1977 Refinement of a computer simulation model for evaluating DAIS display concepts. Proceedings of the Hums Factors Society, 21st Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Inane, N.~., M.I. Stneb, F. Glenn, and RJ. Wherry, Jr. 1981 The human operator simulator An overview. Pp. 121-152 in J. Moraal & K.F. K=iss, eds., Manned System Desigr': Method, Equipment, and Applications. New York: Plenum Press. 1977 Some new frontal theoretic models for human operator display modelling. IEEE Transactions on Stems, Man, and Cybernetics SMC-7:77~784.

go REFERENCES Inane, N.E., M.I. Strieb, and WE. IA;yland i979 Modeling the human in the human operator simulator: Applications to cost'ffectiveness ModeLing and Scion of AYiorucs Systems and Com- m~md Control and Camm~rucafions Systems. NATO/AGARD Conference Proceedings GP-268. Levison, W.H. 1979 A model for mental workload in tasks requiring continuous information processing. In N. Moray, ea., Mental Workload Theory and Measurement. New York: Plenum Press. Benison, W.H., J.I. Elkind, and J.L Ford 1971 Studies of Multivanable Manual Control Systems: A Model for Task Interference. Technical Report CR-1746. Washington, D.C: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Levison, W.H., and R.B. Tinner 1971 A Control Theory Model for Human Decision Making. Technical Report NASA CR-1953. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Lewis, C.M. 1986 Identification of Rule Based Models. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. De- partment of Psychology. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. Lewis, C.M. and J.M. Hammer 1986 Significance testing of rules in rule-based models of human problem solving. IEEE Transacts on Systems, Man, arid Cybeme~ SMC-16:154-158. Madni, A.M., Y. Y. Chu, D. Purcell, and M.A. Brenner 1984 Design fat Maintautability with Modified Petri Nets. Technical Report PL-lK- 1125 84~. Woodland Hills, CA: Perceptronics, Ink McRuer, D., D. Graham, E. Krendel, and W. Reisener, Jr. 1965 Human PI Dynamics in Compensatory Systems. Theory, models, and E'c- ~xr~s with Controlled Eldest and Forcing launch Va?ZatU7nS. Technical Report 65-15. Dayton, Ohio: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. McRuer, D.T., and E.S. Krendel 1957 Ionic Response of Human Operators. Technical Report WAD Cal 56-524. Dayton, Ohio: Whight-Patte~son Air Force Base. 1974 Matherna~l Models of Munan Pilot Behavior. AGARD No. 188. North Atlantic Meaty Organization: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Meister, D. 1985 Behavioral Analysis Ed Measurement Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Miller, AH. 1976 Tuneline Analysis Program, F~1 Rep - . Technical Report NASA CR-144942. CA: Boeing Commercial Airplane Company. Minsky, M.L. 1968 Descriptive Languages and Problem Solving. In M.L. Minsky, ea., Semantic Information Processing. Cambridge, MA MIT Press. Moray, N. 1986 Monitoring behaviour and supervisory control. In K. Boff, L Kaufmann, & J. Beatty, eds., Handbook of Human Perception and Perfo,7nance. New York: John Wiley tic Sons.

REFERENCES 91 Nloray, N., P. Sanderson, B. Slum, R. Jackson, S. Kennedy, and I. I-lng 1982 A model and experiment for the allocation of man and computer in supewiso~y control. Proceeding; of He ISLE International Conference on C0neiics and Society 35~358. Myers, L.B., L Ti~erina, and J.C Geddie 1987 Proposed Misery Standards for Talc Antis. Technical Memorandum 1~87. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory. Neisser, U. 1967 Cognitive Psychology. New York: Appleton~entuIy-Crofts. Newell, A., J.C Shaw, and H.~ Simon 1958 Elements of a theory of human problem solving. Psychological Review 65:151- 166. Newell, ~ and H.A. Simon 1963 GPS: A program that simulates human thought. In E. Fe~genbaum and J. Feldman, ads., Computers and 17'acgfu. New York: MeGraw-Hill. Hums Problem Soloing. Englewood Miffs, J.: Prentice-Hall. 1972 Norman, D.A. 1970 Models of Hums Memory. New York: Academic Press. Pattipati, KR., A.R. Ephrath, and D.L. Kleinman 1980 Analysis of human decision making in multi-task environments. Technical report EECS TR-79-15. CT: University of Connecticut. Pew, R.W., and S. Baron 1983 Perspectives on human performance modelling. Autos 19~6~:66~676. Pntsker, JOB., D.B. Wort~nan, C Seum, G. Chubb, and D.J. Seifert 1974 SAINT: Idol l: Stems Analysis of an Inie~ated Nenvark of Tasles. Technical Report AMRL~TR-73-126. Dayton, Ohio: Wright Patterson Air Force Base. Rasmussen, J. 1986 Information Procmszn,` and Hu~rmn-Machine Infraction: An Approach to Cogrtiti' Engneenng. New York: North Holland. Rockway, M.R 1955 The Effect of Vernal in Control-Display Dunng Training on Transfer to a "Hidin Ratio. Technical Report 55-366. Dayton, Ohio: Wright Patterson Air Force Base. Rouse, W.B. 1980 Symms E;~gneer~g Models of M`man-Mad~ine In~raci`on. New York: Else- mer. 1983 Models of human problem solving: detection, diagnosis, and compensation for system [allures. Aummanca 19~6~:613 625. Rouse, W.B., N.I). Geddes, and R.E. Curry 1987 An Architecture for Intelligent Interfaces: Outline of an Approach to Supporting Operators of Complex Systems. H~-Computer Interaction. Ryll, E. 1962 All Obs~r Effectiveness and Na~of-the-E~th (Project Trace). Buffalo, New York: Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory. Sanderson, P. 1985 Co` - he Models and ~ Discovery of the S~ucaue of Complex Systems. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto. Schank, SAC, and R.P. Abelson 1977 Scnpts, Plans, Goals, and Und~ta~n,`. Hillsdale, NJ.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

of Sender, T~ 1- ~ buman operator as ~ monitor and ~n1~1~r of mulll~egme~~om -~ ~ ~ of_ ~~ ~ _ ~-~:1-~. 1S3 ~ ~~ ~1~, Ends: Un-si~ of ~1~ Few. Sanded, En, HI. Eland, H.C Gdgnelb, and R.R Sma 1- I__, ~~ nigh ~~M -. Om~dge, M~ Boll, Bemnek, and N~an Pomades. Shannon, CE., and ~ Ear 1~ ~ SUEZ ~ ala. ulna, IL USA of Illinois Pat. Sheddan, IB. 1~0 Oplima1 allusion of final paw= ~ ~ 10:~2~. 1~ Superb =~1~1. Pp. 1~-1~3 in O. Saneness ed., ~~ A_ . ~ ~~ ~cG~ Hill. Sbeddan, IB. a~ N.~ ~11 1~4 ~~ B=mn, Ha: HIT Paw. Sbeddan, IB., and R.T Henne-, em. 1` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- . ~binglon, D.C.: Nali~1 Edgy Pigs. Sbeddan, IB., OR Jan~n~ and R.^. awed ~~ 1S2 ~~ _ _~_f Ha/ ~~ ~ ~~ a- Ad. Oak Ada, Ha: Oak Edge National ~~mm SbeddaD, SIB., and WL ~~an~ 1~8 ~ ~ ~- ~ a. Omb~dge, am: H.I.T Pa. Slight A.L, ~D. Barley 1J. ~1t and H.E. Wee 1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~n^1 ~~ ORE. Oak Ridge, Ha: Oak ado Nalional ~~m1 Siegel, ^ I., ~ liable, and ~ Dawn 1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~e, ~ flied P-~o~i=1 Seams. Siegel, a., and a. Elf ^9 Ha- ~ Em. Nag Em: an ~~ ~ Sac Ems, H. 1~1 ~ ~~ ~~ Ombdd~, ~ HIT Par. Sulba~p~l=, ADD and H.E Gil~= 1~6 _ ~~ ~_~~ _ ~n1~1 ~~n a. ~ Gent ^~m1ion. Sag, HI. 1~S _ ~~ _ a- ~~ at. nit ~~1181-B. ~1- G_, ~nn~nia: Act, Inc. Swain, A.D. 1~3 = ~ At. Honogeph Saw. ~buque~ue, N~ ~=i=: Sandis Atonal Pomades. 1~ ~ ~~ni=1 Upon SOR~-1~. Queue, N~ Add: Sandia ~liona1 Moods.

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This book describes and evaluates existing models of human performance and their use in the design and evaluation of new human-technology systems. Its primary focus is on the modeling of system operators who perform supervisory and manual control tasks. After an introduction on human performance modeling, the book describes information processing, control theory, task network, and knowledge-based models.

It explains models of human performance in aircraft operations, nuclear power plant control, maintenance, and the supervisory control of process control systems, such as oil refineries. The book concludes with a discussion of model parameterization and validation and recommends a number of lines of research needed to strengthen model development and application.

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