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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1518.
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References Aetna Life and Casnalty Company 1981 On the l~oodco~ for Portico Falle. Hartford, CT: ALCC. Alley, D., Brill, M., and associates 1978 Home Such G=dc~ for Architceta and Builders. NBS-OCR 78-156. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards. Allgier' E. 1965 Accident involvements of senior drivers. IPaf7~;c Digest and Review 13:17-19. Alson, L. T. 1986 Ciimc and Older Amcncane. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 1984 A Pokey on Gc~ic Dc~gn of Highway and Stucco. Washington, DC: AASHTO. Archea, J. 1979 The Evacuation of NomAmbu~atory Paticr~ from Hosp*al and Naming Ilomc Firm A ~amcmori for a Mel. National Bureau of Stan- danls, Center for Building Technology. Washington, DC: National Engu~cer~g Laboratory. Arcl~ea, J., Carson, D. H., Margulis, S. T., and Carson, F. E. 1978 Safety on Stairs. NBS Building Science Series 108, National Bureau of Standards, Center for Building Technology. Washington, DC: National Ptn~eering Laboratory. Arches, 3., Collins, B. L., and Stall, F. I. 1979 G—dctince for Blair Safety. NBS Building Science Series 120, National Borean of Standards, Center for Building Technology. Washington, DC: National Engineering Laboratory. Baltes, P. P., Dittmann-Ko}`li, F., and Dixon, R. A. 1984 New perspectives on the development of intelligence in adulthood. ~ P. E. Baltes and O. G. Brim, eds., I;'c-Span Dcvelopmerd and Bchav~or, vol. 6, pp. 3~76. New York: Academic Press. Belbin, E., and Shirnmi~l, S. 1964 Training the middle aged for inspection work. Occupational Psy- cholo" 38:4057. 71

72 REVERENCES Bell, D., and Marclay, W. 1987 Trends ~ retirement eligibility and pension benefits, 1974-83. Monthly Labor Rcmc. 110~4~:1~25. Bell, B., Wolf, E., and Ber~ols, C. D. 1972 Depth perception as a function of aging. Aging and HI Dcvelopmcnt 3:77-81. Blackwell, O. M., and Blachrell, H. R. 1971 Visual performance data for 156 normal observers of various ages. Journal of the Illuminating Eng~ccre Schick 1:~13. BorkiD, G. A., Hults, D. E., Id Glynn, R. J. 1983 Role of longitudinal change and secular trend ~ age differences in male body dimensions. Human Biology 55~3~:620641. Boyce, P. R., and Simons, R. H. 1977 Hue discriminatione and light sources. Lighting Rc~carch and Tech biology 8:12~140. Braune, R., and Wickens, C. D. 1985 The functional age profile: An objective decision criterion for the assessment of pilot performance capacities and capabilities. Human Factors 27:681~94. Burg, A. 1967 Tic Rciationship Bct?ocen Vision Scat Scorce and Dnveng Room General Finding. Report 67-24. Los Waggles: University of California, Department of Engineering. Burrus-Bammel, L. L., and Bammel, G. 1985 Leisure and recreation. In J. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie, eds., Handbook of the P~cholo~~ of Aging, 2nd ea., pp. 84~863. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. California Department of Motor Vehicles 1982 Campbell, B. J. 1966 Driver age and sex related to accident time and type. Tic Shifty "Rceca~ h Rcv~cu' 10:3044. ;~-cnior Driver Facts. Sacramento. CA: CDMV. Carp, F. M. 1972 Mobility among members of an established retirement community. Gcrontologi~ 12:4~56. 1979 Improving the functional quality of housing and environments for the elderly through transportation. In T. O. Byerts, S. C. Howell, and L. A. Pastal~, ede., E:nvironmcn~d Contcs:t of Aunt. New York: Garland. Chapanis, A. 1974 Human engineering environments for the aged. Applied Ergononuce 5(2):75-80. Consumer Products Safety Commission 1985 National E:c~tronic IT Surucillanec System (NF~55}—Product Sum- mary Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Council, F. M., and Allen, J. A. 1974 A Study of the Vital chicly of North Carolina Dr~vcra: Thar Pcla- tionehipe to Accident. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Highway Safety Research Center.

REF]3RENCEIS 73 Cutler, S. J. 1975 Transportation and changes in life satisfaction. Gcrontolog~ 15: 15~159. Czaja, S. J. 1986 Retraining middl~aged send older workers. Paper presented at the National Research Council In~ritational Conference on Work, Aging and Union, February 25-26, Washington, DC. 1987 Aging and work performance. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Czaja, S. J., and Drury, C. G. 1986 Patterns of consumer product accidents among older persons. Unpublmbed manuscript. Czaja, S. 3., Hammond, K., Blascovic}~, J., and Swede, H. 1986 Learning to me a text-editor as a function of training strategy. Bcha~nor and Infonn~ion Tcchnology 5:20~216. Czaja, S. J., Drury, C. G., Hammond, K., Brill, M., and Lofti, V. 1987 Aging and accidents with consumer products: The size and nature of the problem. Unpublished manuscript. Czaja, S. J., Clark, C., Weber, R., and Faletti, M. 1988 Patterns of daily living activities by the elderly. Journal of Applied Gcror~ology (under review). Czaja, S. J., Joyce, J., and Hammond, K. 1988 Learning to use a text-editor as a function of age and training. Unpublished manuscript. Davis, K. 1985 Health care policies and the aged: Observations from the United States. In ~ H. Binstock and E. Shanks, eds., Handbook of Aging and the Social Sc~cnece, 2nd ea., pp. 727-744. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Dawson, D., Hendershot, G., and Elton, J. 1987 Aging in the eighties: Functional limitations of individuals age 65 ye are and over. Vital and Health, Sto~icJ, No. 133, Supplement on Aging to the National Health Interview Sunrey. Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics. Egan, D. E., and Gomez, L. M. 198S Assaying, isolating and accommodating individual differences in learning a complex skill. In R. F. Dillon, ea., Indiudua] Diffc~cmca in Cogn'6iorS carol. 2, pp. 17~217. New York: Academic Press. Evans, R. N. 1951 Training improves micrometer accuracy. Pcrsonncl Psychology 4: 231-242. Faletti, M. V. 1984 Human {actors research and functional environments for the aged. In I. Altman, J. E. Wohlwill, and M. P. Lawton, ede., Eldc~ly People and the Er~nronmcnt, carol. 7, pp. 191-237. New York: Plenum Press. Federal Highway Administration 1978 Manual on Uniform lkatp~c Control Dcuicca. Washington, OC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

74 RE FRANCS Fozard, J. L. 1981 Person-environment relationships in adulthood: Implications for human factors engineering. Human Factors 23:7-28. Gardener, D. J., and Rockwell, T. M. 1983 Two views of motorists' behavior in rural freeway construction and maintenance sonce: The driver and the state highway patrolman. Human Factors 25:415~24. Giniger, S., Dispensiere, A., and Eisenberg, J. 1984 Older workers in speed and skill jobs. Aging arid Work 7:7-12. Good, M., Whiteside, J. A., Wixon, D. R., and Jones, S. J. 1984 Building a user-derived interface. Commuruca~one of the ARM 27:1032-1043. Gordon, C., Gaits, C. M., and Scott, J. 1976 Leisure and lives: Personal expressivity across the life span. In R. H. Binstock Ed E. Shanas, edit., Handbook of Aging and the Social Scicnece, pp. 31~34i. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Gould, J. D., Boics, S. J., Le", S., Richards, J. T., and Schoonard, J. 1987 The 1984 Olympic message system: A test of behavioral principles of system design. Commu~catione of the ACM 30:758-769. Harrington, D. 1964 17`c Visual Fidel St. Loum: Mosby. Henderson, R. L., and Burg, A. 1974 Keaton and AudiNon in Drying. Technical Report No. TM(L)- 5297/000/00. U.S. Department of Transportation, Systems Devel- opment Corporation, McLean, VA. Hills, B. L. 1980 Vision, visibility and perception in driving. Pcreeption 9:183-216. Hills, B. L.j and Burg, A. 1977 A Rcanalyess of Califonna Dnucr V - on Data. Gcncral Findings RcpoH LR768. Crowthome, Berkshire, England: Department of the Envi- ronment/Department of Transport, Transport and Road Research Laboratory. Hoffman, C. S., Price, A. C., Garrett, E. S., and Rothetem, W. 1959 Effects of age and brain damage on depth perception. Pc~ccptual and Motor SH1e 9:28~286. Hulicka, I. M. 1967 Short-term reaming and memory efficiency ~ a function of age and health. Journal often American Gcriatnc~ Society 15~3~:285-294. Hunt, E., and Hartzog, C. 1981 Age Related Change in Contrition Dunng the Working Year. Seattle: Washington University, Department of Psychology. Horton, R., and JaDke, M. 1986 Senior D,ivcr Facts. Report No. 82, 2nd ed. Sacramento, CA: Department of Motor Vehicles. Iso-Ahola, S. E. 1980 "c Somat Psychology of AUK and Rccrc~ion. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Co. Jamieson, G. H. 1966 Age, speed, ant accuracy: A study in industrial retraining. Occu- pahonal Psychology 40:237-242.

REFER~NCI3S 75 Janke, M. K. 1986 Mature driver core curriculum project: Literature review. Unpub- lished report. Johnson, C. A., and Keltner, J. L. 1983 Incidence of visual field loss ~ 2t),000 eyes ant its relationship to driving performance. Arouse of Ophthalmology 101:371-375. Jones, M. H., Smith, D. B. D., "d Small, A. M. 1979 Analysis of hoards ~ the home. Paper presented at the twenty- third annual meeting of the Human Factors Society, Boston, MA. Jones, M. H., and Peck, R. C. 1985 Are the elderly really poor drivers? In I. D. Brown, E. Gold- smith, R. Combs, and M. A. Sinclair, eds., Procecdin~~ of the Ninth Congrce~ of the Inctenu~ional Ergonorruc~ Association, September 2 - , Bournemonth, England. Kahne, H. 1987 Older workers Ad leisure. Paper prepared for the National Re- search Council Workshop on Human Facto" Issues for an Aging Population, Augllet 12-13, Washington, DC. Kats, S. 1987 Function ~ aging: R - earch needs. Paper prepared for the Na- tional R—e arch Council Workshop on Homan Factors Research ISSUes for an Aging Population, Angust 12-13, Washington, DC. Kats, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., and Jaffee, M. W. 1963 Studies of illness in the aged, the index of ADL: A standarized measure of biological and psychosocial function. Journal of the AmcncanMcdicalAssociation 185:914-919. Kelens, J., Ad Griffiths, K. A. 1983 Housing for the aged: New roles for social work. Intcrna~ional Journal of Aging and Buman Dcvelopmcnt 16~2~:125-133. KilijaDek, T. S., and Drabek, T. E. 1979 Assessing long term impacts of a natural diluter: Focus on the elderly. Tic Gcrordolog~t 19:555-566. Kline, D. W. 1986 Visual aging and driving performance. Paper presented at the National R - earch Council Invitational Conference on Work, Aging Ad Vision, February 25-26, Washington, DC. 1987 Aging Ed homau factors in transportation. Paper prepared for the National R - earn Council Workshop on Human Factors Re- search Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Kline, D. W., "d Scllieber, F. J. 1985 Vision Ad aging. In J. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie, ede., Handbook of the Psychology of A~ng. New York: Van Nostrand ReiIlhold. Kosnil`, W., Wmelow, L., Kline, I)., Rasinski, K., and Sekuler, R. 1988 Vision changes ~ daily life through adulthood. Journal of Gcron- tology 43:63 70. Ko~rar, M. G., and LaCroDc, A. Z. 1987 Aging ~ the eighties: Ability to perform work related activities. V*al and Health Starting, No. 136, Supplement on Aging to the

76 REI1?13RI3NCES National Health Intenriew Surrey. Hyatteville, MD: Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistical L~ndauer, T. K. 1988 An estimate of how much people remember, not of underlying capacity. Cogn~tioc Science 12:293-297. Lawton, M. P. 1977 The impact of the environment on aging and behavior. In 3. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie, eds., Ha~oodc of the Psychology of Aging, pp. 270295. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1982 Competence, cn~rironmental press, ant the adaptation of older 1985 people. ~ M. A. Lawton, A. G. W=dley, and T. O. Byerts, eds., Aging and the ETnuironmcnt: Tt~corctical Approachce, pp. 3~59. New York: Springer. Activities and leisure. In C. Eisendorfer, M. P. Lawton, and G. L. Maddox, eds., Annual PCU'C2U of Gerontology and Gcria~ice. New York: Springer. 1987 Household behaviors. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Lawton, M. P., and Brady, E. 1969 Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. 17`c Gcrordologut 9:179-186. Leibowitz, H. W., and Scialfa, C. 1987 Age and sensory/perceptual loss: Human factors application. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on H~an Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Lund, A., and Williams, A. 1984 "c E~cctiocncee o' Post-Liecnec Driver Yearning: A Review of Defer - tic Driver COWS ~tcr~wc. Washington, DC: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Mans, J. B., Jayson, J. K., and Kleiber, D. A. 1974 Effects of spectral differences in illumination and fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology 59:524-526. McAvoy, L. 1979 The leisure preferences, problems ant needs of the elderly. Journal of Lcu~c Rceca~ch 11:40 47. McConnel, S. R., Fleisher, D., Usher, C. E., and Kaplan, B. H. 1980 ABcrn~iuc Fork Options for Older Woricre: A Fca - 6ility Study. Los Angeles: Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center. McEvoy, G. M., and Cascio, W. F. 1989 Cumulative evidence of the relationship between employee age and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 74~1~:11-17. McKnight, A., Simone, G., and Weidman, G. 1982 Elderly Drimn, Rctrain~g. Alexandria, VA: National Public Service Research Institllte. Myers, G. C. 1985 Aging and worldwide population changes. In R. H. Binstock and E. Shanas, ede., HandBoodc of Aging and the Social Scicnece. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

REFERENCES 77 Myers, G. C., Manton, K. G., and Bacellar, H. 1986 Sociodemographic aspects of future unpaid productive roles. In Amcmca's Aging Productive Rolex in an Older Sorely. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Miller, N. G., Recht, J. L., and Green, N. [:. 1969 Product Accident RcportingFca~bility Study. Chicago: NationalSalety Council. Montoye, H. J., and Lamphier, D. E. 1977 Grips and arms strength in males and females Quartcrb 48:109 120. Morrison, M. H. 1984 Work and retirement in an aging society. , ages 10 69. Rcacarch 17'c Aging Softly 115~1~:260299. Moss, M., and Lawton, M. P. 1982 The time budgets of older people: A window on four lifestyles. Jownal of Gc~ntology 37:115-123. National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1987 Health interview survey: Longitudinal study of aging, 70 years and over, 1984-1986. Ann Arbor: Inter-uni~rersity Consortium for Political and Social Research. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1981 Sport on 0ccupa;honal Sanity and Scam for FY lg81 Under Public Law 91-596. NTIS No. PB-83-214-239/A03. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service. National Research Council 1987 1988 1985a Ir'2`ry in Amcnca. A Continuing Public Hc~th Pro~krP~ Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 1985b TRB study: Improving safety Ad mobility for older people. TRNcw 120:2~23. Work' Aging and Y - on. Report of a Cor~crcnec. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. ~hruportation in an Aging So~ic~: Improving Mobility and Safely for Older Pcreone. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Neutra, R-, and McFarland, C. 1972 Accident epidemiology and the design of the residential environ- ment. Human Factors Society 14:405020. Newman, S. J. 1985 Housing and long-term care: The suitability of the elderly's hous- ing to the provision of in-home services. 17:c Gcrontolo~iit 25:35-40. OfEce of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 1983 Annual ~owsn, Surely, 1g81. Wa~h~gton, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Office of Technology Assemment 1985 Technology end aging inArncrica. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Olsho, L. W., Harkins, S. W., and Lenhardt, M. L. 1985 Aging and the auditory system. In J. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie, eds., Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

78 REFERENCES Olson, P. L., and Sivak, M. 1986 Perception-response 'time to unexpected roadway hazards. Suntan Factors Sophie 28:91-96. Parsons, H. M. 1981 Residential design for the aging (for example, the bedroom). Human Factors 23~1~:3058. Paula, J. L. 1984 Review of stair-safety research with an emphasis on Canadian studies. Er~ononuce 28:999-1010. Pfeiffer, E. 1975 A short portable mental states questionnaire for the amendment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. Joann of the American Gcna~ic~ Society 23:433-439. Planek, T. W. 1973 The aging driver ~ today's traffic: A critical review. In Aging and HighDay Saucy: Tkc Elderly in a Mobile Such. North Carolina Symposium on Highway Safety 7. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Safety R=e arch Center. 1982 Home accidents: A continuing social problem. Accident Analysis and Preucrdion 14:107-120. Planek, T. W., and Fowler, R. C. 1971 Traffic accident problem and exposure characteristics of the aging driver. Journal of Gerontology 26:224-230. Planek, T. W., and Overend, Rue 1973 Profile of the aging driver. lFa~c Safety 73~010~:37-39. Plude, D. J., and Hoyer, W. J. 1981 Adult age differences in visual search as a function of stimulus mapping and processing load. Journal of Gcrontolo,~ 36:598-604. Prudham, D., Ad Eons, J. 1981 Factors associated with falls in the elderly: A community study. A9c and Aging 10:141-146. Pulling, N. H., Wolf, E., Sturgis, S. P., Vaillancourt, D. R., and Dolliver, J. J. 1980 Headlight glare resistance and age. Human Factors 22~1~:103-112. Rackoff, N. J. 1975 An investigation of age-related changes in drivers' visual search patterns and driving performance and the relation to tests of basic functional capacities. In Procecdinge of the 19tk Annual MccHn, of the Human Factors Society, Dallas, 1X. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society. Reading, V. M. 1972 Visual resolution as measured by static and dynamic tests. PJ~g- gere Architect 333:17-26. Reilly, R. E., Kurke, D. S., and Bukenmaier, J. R. 1980 traiida~on of the Rcduchon of Rcar-End Collisions 6y a Nigh Mounted Awiliary Stop Land. Report No. DOT-HS-805-306. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation. Robertson, L. S. 1975 Behavior research and strategies in public health: A demur. Social Scicnec Medicine 9:165-170.

3FB~3NCES 79 Robinson, P. K., Coberly, S., and Paul, C. E. 1985 Work asked retirement. In R. H. Binstock and E. Shanas, eds., Handbook of Aging and the Soeid Scicnec~, 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Root, N. 1981 Injuries at work are fewer among older employees. Monthly Labor Rc~nc?~ 104:3034. Salthouse, T. A. 1984 Effects of age slid skill on typing. Journal of E - crimcnta] Psychology: Gcncral 113:345-371. 1985 Speed of behavior and its implication for cognition. Lb J. E. Birren Ed K. W. Schaie, eds., Ha~oooAc of the Psychology of Aging, pp. 100~422. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1986 On the leap from lab to life in perceptual cognitive aging: Back- ground paper for the National Research Council Invitational Con- ference on Work, Aging and Vision, February 25-26, Washington, DC. 1987 EEects of aging on cognitive and psychomotor functions. Back- ground paper for the National Research Council Workshop on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Schultz, R. 1976 Ejects of control and predictability on the physical and psycholog- ical well-being of the institutionalized aged. Journal of Personally and Somal Psychology 33:563-573. Schwab, R. N., and Capelle, D. G. 1979 Is delineation needed? Public Roads 43:8~96. Scialfa, C. T., Kline, D. W., Lyman, B. J. 1987 Age differences ~ target identification as a function of retinal location and noise level: Examination of the useful field of view. Psychology and Awry 2:14-19. Scialfa, C. T., Kline, D. W., Lyman, B. J., and Ko~nick, W. 1987 Age differences in judgements of vehicle velocity and distance. In Annual Procecdin~ of the lIumanFactor~ Society, pp. 55~561. Santa Monica, CA: Hum" Factors Society. Sekuler, R., and Ball, K. 1986 Visual localization: Age and practice. Jowna1 of the Optical Society of America (Section A) 3:864-867. Shahani, C. 1987 Industrial accidents: Does age matter? Paper presented at the Hnm" Factors Society Meeting, New York, NY. Sheehan, J. 3., and Decry, C. G. 1971 The analysm of industrial inspection. Applied Ergonomics 22:74-78. Sheppard, H. L. 1987 Work patterns among the aging. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Shinar, D. 1977 Dnucr Visual L~imitatioru: Diagnosis and ~catmerd. Contract DOT- HS-5-1275, U.S. Department of Transportation. Indianapolis: In- diana University, Institute on Research in Public Safety.

80 REFERENCES Singleton, W. T. 1975 Safety and risk. In W. T. Singleton, ea., The Study of Real Sit Idol. 2, Complianec and E~ccller~cc. Baltimore: University Park Press. Sivak, M., Olson, P. L., and Pastalan, L. A. 1981 ERects of driver' age on the nighttime legibility of highway signs as a function of their luminance characteristics. Human Factors Socicly 23:9~64. Smith, D. B. D. 1987 Work patterns among the aging. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Smith, D. B. D., and Small, A. M. 1975a Accidents, safety and aging. Paper presented at the Second In- ternational Man-Machine Systems and Environment Symposium, Dubrovnik, Yugosla~ria. 1975b The elderly as cause and victim of accidents. In Procecdin,~ of the 19975 Meeting of the Hums Factore Society, Dallas, 1X. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society. Stagner, R. 1985 Aging in industry. In J. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie, eds., Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 2nd ea., pp. 78~817. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Sterns, H. L., Barrett, G. V., and Alexander, R. A. 1985 Accidents and the aging individual. In J. E. Birren and K. W. Schaie, ens., HandicoAc of the Psychology of Aging, 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Stoudt, H. W. 1965 Weight, height and selected body dimensions of adults, United States 196~1962. Anal and Health Stati~hc`, Series 11, No. 8. Hyatt~ville, MD: Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics. 1987 Changes in the physical characteristics and capabilities of the aged: An o~rewiew. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Worl`shop on Hump Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population, August 12-13, Washington, DC. Tierney, K. J., Petak, W. J., ant Hahn, H. 1988 Disabled Persons and Ea~alcc Hazard Boulder: University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Sciences. Todd, J. E., and Walker, A. M. 1980 People as Pcdcstnana: A Swey to Asecrtasn How Much Adults Go 0 and About on Foot. Crowthorne, Berkshire, England: Transport and Road Research Laboratory. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the CenSu5 1988 Sta~tical Abstract of the Muted Statca. Washington, DC: U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics 1982 Employment and Earnings. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

REIFEIR13NCES 81 Vitasalo, J. T., Era, P., Leskinen, A. L., and Heikkmen, E. 1985 Muscular strength profiles "d anthropometry in random sam- ples of men aged 31-35, 51-55 and 71-7S years. Ergonon~ce 28~11~:156~1574. Waldman, D. A., sand A'rolio, B. J. 1986 Meta-analysis of age differences ~ job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 71(1):3~38. Weller, J. A. 1978 Falls Hong the elderly human and environmental factors. Acci- dent Anal~ce and Prevention 10:21-33. Wailer, P., Howe, E., Id Stewart, J. 1977 An analysis of accidents by age. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Weale, R. A. 1961 Retinal illumination and age. ltan~actior" of the liluminatin, Eng'- necnng Source 26.9~100. 1963 17~c Aging Eye. London: H. K. Lewis. Welford, A. T. 1976 Thirty years of psychological research on age and work. Occupational Psychology 49:120138. 1977 Motor performance. in J. E. Birren and W. K. Schaie, eds., Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Weston, H. C. 1949 On age and illumination in relation to visual performance. IPans- actione of ~ mare ~ - necnng Soc~cty 14:281-297. Wickens, C. D., Braune, R., and Stokes, A. 1987 Age differences in the speech and capacity of information process- ing: A dual-task approach. Psychology and Aging 2:7~78. Wise, J. A., Anderson, M., and Jones, M. 1979 Awe—mg the safes ad supportive features of home environments for the elderly. In Procec~n~~ of tic Truman Factors Society, Send Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society. Wolf, E. 1967 Studies on the shrinkage of the visual field with age. Higk?uay Rc~careh Record 167:1-7. Yee, D. 1985 A survey of the traffic safety needs and problems of drivers age 55 and older. In Ncede arid ProBlen~ of Older Drivcre: Surucy Result and Rccommcndatione. Falls Church, VA: ADA Foundations for Traffic Safety. Yin, P. 1985 Yichmization arid the Aged. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.

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This book describes the demographic, sociological, and ecological background of the aging society, identifies human factors problems associated with aging, summarizes currently relevant information, and recommends directions for research. It suggests a program of research and technology development for the purpose of ameliorating the effects of functional changes that accompany the aging process and provides a basis for additional research and application of human factors engineering data to the design of environments in which aging people must function.

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