Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 238
Appendix I
Newsleffers anc/ Notices Pertaining to TEDs
North Carolina Sea Grant
1981
Coastwatch (1989 circulation 22,000, general audience, ten times a
year)
1988
Coastwatch
1989
Coastwatch
May: describes NMFS emergency 240-day regulations for reviving
comatose turtles (resuscitation)
February: notice of certification of Parrish TED, including
description and cost; notice of availability of DMF money for the
TED purchase plan to be presented at 6 public meetings; infor-
mation presented on different kinds of TEDs; summarizes perfor-
mances; outlines how to apply for money to buy certified TED
(North Carolina Department of Commerce's Energy Division)
March: article describes designing, testing, and certification of
Parrish soft TED; proposes future modifications; notes that most
NC shrimpers have not bought a TED, hoping TED regulations
will be abolished
Compiled by Nancy Balcom and William DuPaul, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Col-
lege of William and Mary.
238
OCR for page 239
239
Decline of the Sea Turtles
Marine Advisory News (1989 circulation 2200, quarterly)
January/February: published instructions for applying for reim-
bursement for purchase of TEDs up to $500, must meet certain
conditions
Legal Tides (1989 circulation 630, quarterly)
Articles discuss history of TEDs issue regarding legality, overview
of pending lawsuits
North Carolina Tar Heel Coast
May: describes final TED regulations effective May 1-August 31,
stating that if there is not 80% compliance with the regulations in
1989, regulations will be effective April-September in 1990; pro-
vides overview history of TED development, describes types
available, and reiterates the regulations; gives penalties for non-
compliance with regulations and violation of Endangered Species
Act; notes warnings will be given until July 1 on a case-by-case
basis
Florida Sea Grant
1987
October: list of TED manufacturers
1989
The Marine Times (1989 circulation 545, every 2 months, general pub
lic and commercial fishermen)
May-June: notes regulations scheduled to go back into effect
May 1, 1989 requiring shrimp trawlers to use TEDs and 90-
minute tows in offshore waters (regulations apply to all U.S. off-
shore waters from North Carolina to Texas; describes regulations
in detail; covers emergency regulations in effect in Florida; and
describes 6 certified TEDs
Alabama Sea Grant
1983
Sea Harvest News (1989 circulation 1700 to Alabama, 200 to Mississip
pi; monthly; commercially oriented)
OCR for page 240
240
Decline of the Sea Turtles
November: reports on development of devices to reduce inci-
dental catches of turtles caught in shrimp trawls, reduce bycatch
of finfish; describes cruise on R/V Oregon (many fishermen on
east coast and in Los Angeles are using TEDs with good success);
notice of upcoming lanuary/February workshops
1985
Sea Harvest News
1986
1987
February: announces and describes NMFS TED and its benefits
in reducing bycatch
Sea Harvest News
January: lists intentions of new proposed regulations (Phases I
and II, net exemptions)
March: notice to shrimpers on request from U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service and conservation groups to Gulf of Mexico Fish-
eries Management Council to implement mandatory TED regula-
tions; lists availability of brochure ("Construction and Installation
Instructions for the Trawling Efficiency Device")
November: describes proposed mandatory TED regulations, tests
on the NMFS TED, the mediation process
Sea Harvest News
January: notes approach of January 1987 deadline for using
TEDs in southern Florida area; describes 5 approved TED
designs; lists availability of drawings and installation instructions;
updates regulations for southern Florida (136)
April: update on mediation talks
June: updates forthcoming July 15) regulations; reports findings
of commercial shrimp boat working Tampa to Key West, testing
both NMFS TED and Georgia Jumper
July: provides information on regulations for Canaveral area
(emergency regulations effective October 11; updates rest of
upcoming TED regulations (1988)
September: updated Morrison soft TED certification
October: introduces availability of Morrison soft TED; covers
shrimp catch tests on Georgia Bulldog (14% loss brown shrimp, 5%
OCR for page 241
241
Appendix I
loss white shrimp); describes boardings conducted by NMFS agents
in 2 Florida ports after emergency regulations went into effect)
1988
Sea Harvest News
January: presents TED regulations in full
March: TED questions and answers taken from questions that
have come up at TED meetings in Alabama, Mississippi, and
. ~ . .
. Louisiana
June: notice to fishermen of TED appeal from Concerned
Shrimpers of Los Angeles; notes injunction against enforcing
TEDs remains in effect
1989
Februar~r-April-progress report: continue to maintain low pro-
file in dissemination program, with activities primarily confined to
providing responses to questions from the industry relating to the
resumption of TED regulations (most Alabama shrimpers do not
believe regulations will be reinstated); update and revise printed
material prepared for use by Alabama shrimpers, including the
most current information on times and areas requiring the use of
TEDs, a description of the Parrish TED, and an updated listing of
manufacturers of TEDS approved by NMFS; remain ready to
respond to requests from shrimping industry for information on
both TED regulations and construction (although availability of
information has been announced, there has been an extremely
limited number of requests for it); have arranged for an updated
Vietnamese translation of the most current TED information on
times and areas, etc., as above (publication distributed to NMFS,
Regional Office, Vietnamese shrimpers in Alabama, and Sea Grant
programs in the other gulf states)
Sea Harvest News
August: notice to fishermen that TED regulations for offshore
waters will go into effect May 1, 1989 and for inshore waters May
1, 1990
Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium
1987
Force Five (1989 circulation 1200; quarterly; educators, general public,
marine resource managers, university faculty, some commercial fishermen)
OCR for page 242
242
-
Decline of the Sea Turtles
Winter: announcement of publication "Turtles, Trawlers, and
TEDS: what happens when the Endangered Species Act conflicts
with fishermen's interests," an in-depth look at the TEDS contro-
versy printed in Water Log (Sea Grant's legal reporter); issues also
contains replies by Mike Weber and TV. Mialjevich
1988
Booklet describes TED regulations, certified TEDs with diagrams, loca-
tions of where 90-minute tows and TEDs are required, including
excerpts from the Federal Register, booklet also translated into Viet
namese
Mississippi Sea Grant
1987
Gulf Coast Fisherman (1989 circulation 1500, monthly, commercially
oriented)
January: TED regulations update; proposed regulations with 1-
i/2-year phase-in period, with different seasons and different
geographical coverage, depending on shrimp statistical zone;
provides source for detailed explanation and summary of pro-
posed regulation
July: summary of final regulations regarding TEDS as published
in detail in the June 29 Federal Register
November: notice of certification of Morrison soft TED effective
October 1; explains redefined inshore and offshore waters corre-
sponding to the 1972 International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea (72COLREGS) demarcation line; provides source
for details on TED and the regulations; reports on NMFS dock-
side boardings in Cape Canaveral area, with at-sea boardings to
begin in November
1988
Gulf Coast Fisherman
May: notice of enjoinment of NMFS from enforcing TED regula-
tions pending appeal
August: notes TED regulations back in effect September 1;
describes TED regulations in full; describes possibility of Heflin
amendment
October: reports TED regulations back in effect September 1,
OCR for page 243
243
Appendix I
warnings issued until November 1, Congress acting on Heflin
amendment; lists sources of information on where to obtain
TEDs and proper installation techniques
November: reports bill signed reauthorizing the Endangered
Species Act to 1992, along with Heflin amendment delaying
implementation of TED regulations until May 1, 1989; reviews
regulations
1989
Gu/Coast Fisherman
January: reports record number of ridleys washed up on the
Georgia/Florida coast during fall 1988; Florida Marine Fisheries
Commission enacting emergency year-around regulations for
northeast Florida requiring the use of TEDs; notes information
available from Sea Grant (call or write)
"Mississippi Hybrid TED" (advertising brochure) provides pic-
ture, description, and availability
January-March~uarterly progress report: reports that a list of
potential outlets for TEDs has been developed and forwarded to
manufacturers of two types of TEDs (information available to any
manufacturer)
Louisiana Sea Grant
1987
Report summarizes rules and regulations designed to protect sea turtles
as listed in the Federal Register (19871; describes regulations, certified
TED types and their installation, results of tests on various TEDs
St. Bernard Fisherman (Cooperative Extension)
Spring newsletter: Q&A format concerning the sea turtle situa-
tion, the Endangered Species Act, TEDs, and enforcement;
reports proposed regulations; urges awareness of shrimpers to
the situation ("won't just go away")
1989
January-June interim progress report: due to delay in implementation
of regulations, there has been little or no progress on work scheduled;
most shrimpers view the suspension as a victory, therefore little educa
OCR for page 244
244
Decline of the Sea Turtles
lion impact has been possible, other than keeping shrimpers and local
legislators informed of the status of TED regulations; publish regular
newsletter, schedule meetings, and visit with individual shrimpers
Cajun Courier (Cooperative Extension)
June: reported regulations concerning TEDS scheduled for full
enforcement July 1, 1989 (TED law officially in effect May 11:
brief overview of regulations; warnings issued through end of
July, except in cases of repeated or flagrant violations; list of com-
monly asked TED questions and answers
Louisiana Shrimp Association
The Net Log
Discussion of meeting held in Washington, D.C., in August 1986,
between shrimp industry, environmental groups, and NMFS/NOAA;
proposal on regulations effective May 1987, showed NMFS data on tur-
tle incidental catches by shrimpers
Georgia Sea Grant
1987
fuly-September~uarterly report: upon submission of Morrison
soft TED for certification, subjected it to shrimp and biomass
retention tests; arranged for testing of downward-shooting TED in
October
1988 Georgia jumper Installation Instructions-diagrams and
instructions
Morrison Soft TED Installation Instructions-diagrams
and instructions
Parrish Soft TED Installation Instructions-diagrams and
instructions
We Salty Dog
November: lists availability of publications giving installation
instructions for Georgia Jumper and Morrison soft TED
OCR for page 245
245
Appendix I
1989
floe Salty Dog (1989 circulation 1300, quarterly, commercially oriented)
February: lists availability of installation instructions for Georgia
Jumper and Morrison soft TED
May: notice about availability of installation instructions for
Georgia Jumper and Morrison soft TED
Sea Turtles in Georgia (brochure in Coastcards series): reports that the
Office of Energy Resource of the Department of Natural Resources pur-
chased and distributed more than 800 TEDs to Georgia shrimpers
South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources
1986
December news release:
describes tests of NMFS TED and Georgia
Jumper; compares shrimp retention/loss and retention/reduction of fin-
fish, blue crab, and horseshoe crab by catch between standard nets
and nets with TEDs installed; purpose of tests is to give shrimpers
choice of TEDs should their use become mandatory
1989
June: personal letter describing department news releases, newspaper
articles, editorials, and letters to the editor; summarizes 1988 (notes that
hardly a day went by during the summer without some coverage of
TEDs or turtles in the news, including television and radio coverage)
Texas Sea Grant
1988
February: provides information sheet giving answers to commonly-asked
questions about TEDs, regulations, enforcement, building and installation,
shrimp retention, distances offshore, net sizes, and incidental turtle catch-
es; gives list of contacts for information and technical assistance
Center for Marine Conservation
1982
February-report: preliminary estimate of the payoff to investing in a
turtle excluder device for shrimp trawls
OCR for page 246
246
Decline of the Sea Turtles
1989
May report for the Florida Marine Fisheries Commission: telephone
survey of TED manufacturers determined that many were available for
purchase, however few sold. Fishermen waiting to see if fines issued;
enforcement agencies and shrimpers indicated that TED availability is
limited (contradicted survey of TED manufacturers); enforcement of
regulations spotty, but picking up as a result of public and conserva-
tion pressures; additional enforcement problems typically center
around various ways to appear to be pulling TEDs, while actually not
having functioning TEDs
National Marine Fisheries Service
1984
NMFS Newsbreaker
No date special edition on sea turtles: describes the 8 species
of turtles and the management and research program ongoing for
turtles, including TED technology transfer, TED development and
testing, different sources of mortality, etc.
1985
June: NMFS booklet describes how to build, install, and handle NMFS
TED; describes benefit to using device
1988
November: summary of tow-time and TEDs regulations by area, giving
starting date, season, and vessel requirements
1989
March: news release covering TED regulations going into effect May
1; lists regulations, emergency regulations already in effect, the names
of the 6 certified TEDs, where to send for copies of the regulations,
and a list of TED manufacturers
May: list of TED manufacturers
Date unknown
Describes turtle resuscitation procedures for shrimpers; discusses pre-
serving a livelihood, use of TEDs, and NMFS funding of TEDs; pro-
motes voluntary use
OCR for page 247
247
Appendix I
"Enforcement of Turtle Excluder Device:" list of 9 commonly-asked
questions and answers regarding TED enforcement
Washington, D.C.
1989
Marine Fish Management
March: notice published about TED and tow-time regulations about to
go into effect May 1, 1989: lists where copies of regulations available;
covers emergency regulations in effect in northern Florida and south-
ern Georgia
South Atlantic Fishery Management Council
1989
May: describes TED and tow-time regulations in effect and emergency
regulations in effect in southern Georgia and northern Florida; lists 6
certified TEDs; gives address and number to obtain TED regulations,
list of TED manufacturers
OCR for page 248
Representative terms from entire chapter:
soft ted
