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Soviet-American Dialogue
in the Social Sciences
Research Workshops on
Interdependence Among Nations
Committee on Contributions of Behavioral and Social Science
to the Prevention of Nuclear War
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
National Research Council
National Academy Press
Washington, D.C. 1990
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NationalAcademy Press . 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. . Washington, D.C. 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the
committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for
appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating- society of dis-
- ---r ~ ~ ~ r-- r--~--..~ A_. __
tinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of
science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter
granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the
federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National
Academy of Sciences.
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O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering
knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies
determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the
government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered
jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White
are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 90-61259
International Standard Book Number 0-309~4289-5
Additional copies of this report are available from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
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S145
Printed in the United States of America
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COMMITTEE ON CONTRIBUTIONS OF BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL
SCIENCE TO THE PREVENTION OF NUCLEAR WAR
HERBERT ~ SIMON, Cochair, Carnegie-Mellon University
CHARLES TILLY, Cochair, Center for Studies of Social Change, New
School for Social Research
ROBERT M. AXELROD, Institute of Public Poligy Studies, University of
Michigan
BARRY M. BLECHMAN, Defense Forecasts, Inc., Washington, D.C.
GEORGE W. BRESLAUER, Department of Political Science, University
of California, Berkeley
JOHN ~ COMAROFF, Department of Anthronolo~v. Universitv of
Chicago
PHILIP E. CONVERSE, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral
Sciences, Stanford, California
LYNN R. EDEN, Center for International Security and Arms Control,
Stanford University
BARRY EICHENGREEN, Department of Economics, University of
California, Berkeley
RICHARD E. ERICSON, Department of Economics, Columbia
University
WILLIAM K ESTES, Department of Psychology, Harvard University
WILLIAM ~ GAMSON, Department of Sociology, Boston College
ALEXANDER L. GEORGE, Department of Political Science, Stanford
University
ROBERT JERVIS, Institute for War and Peace Studies, Columbia
University
GAIL LAPIDUS, Center for Slavic and East European Studies'
University of California, Berkeley
ROBERT PUTNAM, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard
University
ROY RADNER, Mathematical Sciences Research Center, AT&T Bell
Laboratories
JACK P. RUINA, Center for International Studies, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
PHILIP E. TETLOCK, Department of Psychology, University of
California, Berkeley
, — r-
- r ~ ,
PAUL C. STERN, Study Director
JO L. HUSBANDS, Senior Research Associate
DANIEL DRUCKMAN, Senior Staff Officer
ELIZABETH C. ADDISON, Senior Program Assistant
. . .
1H
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Acknowledgements
The Committee on Contributions of Behavioral and Social Science to
the Prevention of Nuclear War is indebted to the Carnegie Corporation
of New York and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
for their support of the committee and, through it, of these workshops.
We also wish to acknowledge the important role of the committee's parent
body, the National Research Council's Commission on Behavioral and
Social Sciences and Education and the Council's Office of International
Affairs and its Soviet-East European Program. The program's director,
Glenn Schweitzer, offered us wise counsel in developing the US-Soviet
agreement to conduct these workshops and the program's staff, especially
Anna Phillips, offered us continuing support, assistance, and guidance. We
would like to express our appreciation to the many Soviet scholars whose
understanding and efforts made these workshops possible, and especially to
Andrey Kokoshin, Viktor Sergeev, Vladimir Averchev, and Pavel Parshin
of the Institute of the USA and Canada of the Academy of Sciences,
USSR. Finally, special thanks are due to David ~ Goslin, former executive
director of the commission, for his initiative, enthusiasm, and persistence
in bringing these workshops into being.
v
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Contents
Introduction
PART I: OVERVIEWS
An American View of Soviet Contributions
William K. Estes and Charles Tilly
Motives and Models of Cooperation: A Soviet View of American
Contributions
Vladimir P. Averchev and Pavel B. Parshin
PART II: REPRESENTATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS
TERMS AND CONCEPTS
The Concept of Interdependence: Current American Thinking
(1988)
Robert O. Keohane
Evolution of the Concept of "Victory" in Soviet Military-
Political Thought After the Second World War (1989)
Andrey A. Kokoshin, Viktor M. Sergeev, and
Vadim L. ~ymbursky
NATIONAL LEADERS IN INTERDEPENDENT SITUATIONS
Interdependence in a Crisis Situation: Simulating the Caribbean
Crisis (1988)
Viktor M. Sergeev, VP. Akimov,
Vadim B. Lukov, and Pavel B. Parshin
,,
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5
7
22
35
37
42
47
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Cognitive and Rhetorical Styles of American and Soviet
Politicians (1989)
Philip E. Tetlock
NEG OTIATION
The System of International Negotiations as a Means of
Managing Interdependence (1988)
Viktor ~ Kremenyuk
Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of I\vo-Level
Games (1989)
Robert D. Putnam
ECOLOGY AND INTERDEPENDENCE
Ecology and Politics: Political Awareness Development in
the USSR (1989)
Vasily Sokolov and I. AbaLkina
Environmental Mobilization in the United States (1989)
Robert Cameron Mitchell
APPENDIX: WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
. . .
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