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Nutrition During Lactation (1991)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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Nutrition During Lactation

TABLE 3-2 Percentage of Mothers Breastfeeding Newborn Infants in the Hospital and Infants at 5 or 6 Months of Age in the United States in 1989,a by Ethnic Background and Selected Demographic variablesb

 

Total

White

Black

Hispanicc

Category

Newborns

5–6 mo Infants

Newborns

5–6 mo Infants

Newborns

5–6 mo Infants

Newborns

5–6 mo Infants

All mothers

52.2

19.6

58.5

22.7

23.0

7.0

48.4

15.0

Parity

Primiparous

52.6

16.6

58.3

18.9

23.1

5.9

49.9

13.2

Multiparous

51.7

22.7

58.7

26.8

23.0

7.9

47.2

16.5

Marital status

Married

59.8

24.0

61.9

25.3

35.8

12.3

55.3

18.8

Unmarried

30.8

7.7

40.3

9.8

17.2

4.6

37.5

8.6

Maternal age

<20 yr

30.2

6.2

36.8

7.2

13.5

3.6

35.3

6.9

20–24 yr

45.2

12.7

50.8

14.5

19.4

4.7

46.9

12.6

25–29 yr

58.8

22.9

63.1

25.0

29.9

9.4

56.2

19.5

30–34 yr

65.5

31.4

70.1

34.8

35.4

13.6

57.6

23.4

≥35 yr

66.5

36.2

71.9

40.5

35.6

14.3

53.9

24.4

Maternal education

No college

42.1

13.4

48.3

15.6

17.6

5.5

42.6

12.2

Colleged

70.7

31.1

74.7

34.1

41.1

12.2

66.5

23.4

Family income

<$7,000

28.8

7.9

36.7

9.4

14.5

4.3

35.3

10.3

$7,000–$14,999

44.0

13.5

49.0

15.2

23.5

7.3

47.2

13.0

$15,000–-$24,999

54.7

20.4

57.7

22.3

31.7

8.7

52.6

16.5

≥$25,000

66.3

27.6

67.8

28.7

42.8

14.5

65.4

23.0

Maternal employment

Full time

50.8

10.2

54.8

10.8

30.6

6.9

50.4

9.5

Part time

59.4

23.0

63.8

25.5

26.0

6.6

59.4

17.7

Not employed

51.0

23.1

58.7

27.5

19.3

7.2

46.0

16.7

U.S. census region

New England

52.2

20.3

53.2

21.4

35.6

5.0

47.6

14.9

Middle Atlantic

47.4

18.4

52.4

21.8

30.6

9.7

41.4

10.8

East North Central

47.6

18.1

53.2

20.7

21.0

7.2

46.2

12.6

West North Central

55.9

19.9

58.2

20.7

27.7

7.9

50.8

22.8

South Atlantic

43.8

14.8

53.8

18.7

19.6

5.7

48.0

13.8

East South Central

37.9

12.4

45.1

15.0

14.2

3.7

23.5

5.0

West South Central

46.0

14.7

56.2

18.4

14.5

3.8

39.2

11.4

Mountain

70.2

30.4

74.9

33.0

31.5

11.0

53.9

18.2

Pacific

70.3

28.7

76.7

33.4

43.9

15.0

58.5

19.7

a Mothers were surveyed when their infants were 6 months of age. They were asked to recall the method of feeding the infant when in the hospital, at age 1 week, at months 1 through 5, and on the day preceding completion of the survey. Numbers in the columns labeled "5–6 mo Infants" are an average of the 5-month and previous day responses.

b From A. Ryan, Ross Laboratories, personal communication, 1990.

c Hispanic is not exclusive of white or black.

d College includes all women who reported completing at least 1 year of college.
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