Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention

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Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention (1991)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "2 Magnitude and Dimensions of Disability in the United States." Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1991.

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Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention

TABLE 2-1 Alternative Estimates of Functional and Activity Limitation by Age: United States

Survey	Under 18	18-44	45-64	65 and Over
Numbers (in thousands)
Activity limitation
National Health Interview Survey (1985)	3,221	8,391	10,405	10,709
ICD-Louis Harris (1985)	—	8,800^a	10,200	8,000
Functional limitation
Survey of Income and Program Participation (1984)	2,326	11,139^b	10,541^c	15,466
Percent of population group
Activity limitation
National Health Interview Survey (1985)	5.1	8.4	23.4	39.6
ICD-Louis Harris (1985)	—	8.2^a	22.7	28.0
Functional limitation
Survey of Income and Program Participation (1984)	3.7	10.1^b	31.9^c	58.7
Notes: Definition of disability differs for each survey. National Health Interview Survey: Unable to carry out major activity; limited in amount or kind of major activity; or limited, but not in major activity. International Center for the Disabled—Louis Harris Survey : Prevented from full participation in work, school, or other activities; having a physical disability, seeing, hearing, or speaking impairment, an emotional or mental disability, or a learning disorder; or considering oneself disabled or considered disabled by others. Survey of Income and Program Participation: For adults, needs assistance with ADLs or IADLS; inability or difficulty in at least one function. For children, having a physical condition that limits the ability to walk, run, or play, or a mental or emotional condition that limits the ability to learn or do school work. ^a Ages 16-44. ^b Ages 18-49. ^c Ages 50-64. SOURCES: National Center for Health Statistics, 1986; Louis Harris and Associates, Inc., 1986; calculated from Rice and LaPlante, 1988a; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1989d.

The relationships among a number of different measures of disability are illustrated in Figure 2-3, from the 1984 SIPP. Each box represents a segment of the population (in thousands) meeting a particular combination of conditions. For example, in the bottom right corner 956,000 people are age 65 to 72 and have a work limitation but report no limitations in functioning.