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A
Workshop Agenda
FEBRUARY 28-29, 2012
BECKMAN CENTER
IRVINE, CALIFORNIA
Tuesday, February 28, 2012
8:30 am Welcome and Opening Comments
Robert Kraut, Chair, Committee on Public Response to Alerts
and Warnings Using Social Media
Denis Gusty, Department of Homeland Security
9:00 Fundamentals of Alerts, Warnings, and Social Media
Much is known about the public response to alerts
delivered by sirens, radio, television, and weather radio.
As social media play an increasingly important role
in societal communication, it will become increasingly
important to understand the implications of these new
capabilities for disaster alerts and warnings.
What is known about how the public responds to alerts
and warnings?
Dennis Mileti, University of Colorado, Boulder
What is known about the use of social media during a
disaster?
Kristiana Almeida, American Red Cross
What are barriers to official use of social media during a
disaster?
57
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58 PUBLIC RESPONSE TO ALERTS AND WARNINGS USING SOCIAL MEDIA
Maryland State Emergency Management
Edward Hopkins,
Agency
What technologies are in development for alert
dissemination and situational awareness via social media?
Emre Gunduzhan, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory
University of Kentucky, moderator
Timothy Sellnow,
10:30 Dynamics of Social Media
The social aspect of these tools makes them especially
attractive because of the ability to leverage the trust
people place in their connections. Information about an
event that is provided by neighbors, colleagues, friends,
or family is often viewed as more credible than a mass
alert or a news report. Social media may also provide a
useful complement to other tools by providing a way to
rapidly disseminate time-sensitive information that may
be important to an affected community but not rise to
the level of an official alert or warning. How connections
form, how information is disseminated, and why users
volunteer their time and knowledge to solve problems
have been examined by researchers in human-computer
interaction, psychology, and computer science. The panel
will explore what motivates people to participate in
knowledge sharing, what drives self-organizing, and what
mechanisms exist for self-correction of information.
Influence mechanisms in social media
Yahoo! Research
Duncan Watts,
Incentivizing participation in time-critical situations
University of California, San Diego
Manuel Cebrian,
How the Standby Task Force harnesses the power of the
crowd
Melissa Elliott, Standby Task Force
Cornell University, moderator
Jon Kleinberg,
Noon Lunch
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APPENDIX A 59
1:00 pm Credibility, Authenticity, and Reputation
During disasters, citizens often post firsthand information
and pictures and re-post information they have received
from official or unofficial sources. Although both types of
information are useful to both emergency officials and the
public, such sharing raises questions about how to assess
the credibility and authenticity of firsthand reports and
redistributed information. For example, although the reach
of an official message may be widened if it is redistributed
(e.g., retweeted), the message may have been modified
in ways not anticipated or desired by its originators. The
panel will explore credibility, authenticity and reputation
in the context of social media and disasters.
Information verification and rumor control
Paul Resnick, University of Michigan
Mechanisms for determining trustworthiness
Dan Roth, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Training the public to provide useful data during a
disaster
David Stephenson, Stephenson Strategies, Medfield, Mass.
Leysia Palen, University of Colorado, Boulder, moderator
2:30 Personal Privacy
The use of social media by emergency officials raises
privacy concerns that were not present with traditional
methods of sending alerts and warnings. Also privacy-
sensitive, but of potential value to emergency managers,
is official monitoring of social media to better detect or
understand unfolding events. For example, the networked
nature of social media may provide a substantial amount
of information about a single individual: based on who
one follows on Twitter one may be able to infer where she
lives or works and what school her children attend. The
panel will consider such questions as:
public’s perceptions and expectations
• What are the
of privacy, and how can they best be addressed? For
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60 PUBLIC RESPONSE TO ALERTS AND WARNINGS USING SOCIAL MEDIA
example, the communications being monitored by
government officials, while technically public, may have
been sent with certain expectations of privacy such as not
being intended to be read by government officials.
appropriate balance of interests between
• What is the
achieving effective situational awareness and privacy?
For example, how should location-tagged information be
handled?
practices in providing adequate notice
• What are best
to the public and ensuring that collected information is
used appropriately? For example, how can or should users
whose public information is being monitored be made
aware of that? How frequently should notice be provided?
• Are there existing features of social media that could
be used to help protect privacy? For example, would
asking people to use designated mechanisms (e.g., hash
tags in Twitter) to label information they intend to be read
by government officials constitute an adequate opt-in
approach?
Privacy decision making
Lorrie Cranor, Carnegie Mellon University
Social-psychological challenges of social media use in
crises
Gloria Mark, University of California, Irvine
of the “See Something, Say Something”
Implementation
campaign—how privacy can be protected
Bryan Ware, Digital Sandbox
Today’s framework for privacy protection and its
application to alerts and warnings using social media
Peter Swire, Moritz College of Law, Ohio State University
(remotely)
Alessandro Acquisti, Carnegie Mellon University, moderator
4:00 Break
4:15 Breakout discussion on opportunities and challenges.
5:30 pm Reception
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APPENDIX A 61
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
8:30 am Report-backs from breakout sessions
9:30 Case Studies of Uses of Social Media in Disasters
is already being used both formally and
Social media
informally by emergency managers. Researchers have also
begun to examine social media communication streams
to learn how social media are used during a disaster. This
panel will examine recent experience and research on
social media use.
tools for monitoring social media for
Currently used
situational awareness
Los Angeles Fire Department
Brian Humphrey,
for earthquake detection and alerting
Use of Twitter
Paul Earle, USGS National Earthquake Information Center
The use of social media tools to disseminate information
during a health crisis
Keri Lubell, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
of Emergency Services, County of San Diego
Leslie Luke, Office
and Richard Muth, Maryland Emergency Management Agency,
moderators
10:30 Use of Social Media by Nongovernment Organizations
News organizations and technology firms have used social
media during crises and disasters to provide information
to and gather information from the public. This panel
will explore lessons for government from this private-
sector experience, partnerships between the public and
private sectors, and how new technology may shape those
partnerships.
Brad Panovich, News Channel 36, Charlotte, North Carolina
Carnegie Mellon University, moderator
Robert Kraut,
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62 PUBLIC RESPONSE TO ALERTS AND WARNINGS USING SOCIAL MEDIA
11:15 Looking Ahead: Opportunities and Challenges
in preparation, management, and analysis
What changes
will be needed to incorporate social media as an
information tool?
Murray Turoff, New Jersey Institute of Technology (remotely)
Legal perspectives on first-responder
Social media:
responsibilities
VHA Emergency Management Evaluation
Aram Dobalian
Center
and organized digital volunteerism in the
Spontaneous
future of emergency management
Leysia Palen, University of Colorado, Boulder
California State University, Fullerton,
Michele Wood,
moderator
12:30 pm Wrap-up Panel and Plenary Discussion
Denis Gusty, DHS
Robert Kraut, Carnegie Mellon University
Leysia Palen, University of Colorado, Boulder
1:00 pm Adjourn/Lunch
