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Seafood Safety (1991)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "6. Chemical Health Risk Assessment - Critique of Existing Practices and Suggestions for Improvement." Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1991.

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Seafood Safety

TABLE 6-22 Suggested Trace Metal Action Levels for Seafood and Seafood Products [µg/g (ppm)]

Metal

FDA

ANHMRCa

CHPBb

Arsenicc

-

1.53

3.5

Cadmium

-

2.0

-

Cooper

-

30.0

-

Lead

-

2.0

0.5

Mercury

1.0

-

0.5

Zinc

-

1,000.0

-

a Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

b Canadian Health Protection Board.

c As the trioxide.

TABLE 6-23 Acceptable Daily Intake Limits of Trace Metals as Suggested by FAO/WHO (PTDI) and NRC-NAS (ESADDI) Compared with Mean U.S. Daily Intake of Trace Metals Reported by FDA Total Diet Studies (µg/day)

Metal

FAO/WHO PTDIa

NRC-NAS ESADDI

FDAb Mean Daily Intake

Mean Daily Intake from 15-lb/yr U.S. Catchc

Antimonyd

 

 

15

 

Arsenic

182e

-

45

82 (43.6)f

Cadmium

57-72

-

15

2.0

Chromium

-

50-200

-

3.7

Copper

-

2,000-3,000

-

51

Lead

429

-

41

10i

Mercuryg

33-43

-

3.9

2.1

Nickel

 

 

 

5.6

Selenium

-

50-200

152h

14

Zinc

15,000

-

17,700h

 

a Calculated from the PTWI; 70-kg human.

b Total Diet Studies for 25-30-year-old males (FDA market basket program); Gunderson et al. (1988) except as otherwise noted.

c Calculated from data in Hall et al. (1978); for the breakdown of average levels for species, see Tables 6-10-6-18, which detail the distributions of species-average concentrations.

d EPA RfD = 4 × 10-4 mg/kg/day = 28 µg/day.

e Arsenic trioxide; not agreed upon but estimated.

f Data in parentheses are FDA seafood measurements given in Gunderson et al. (1988).

g Lowest value is methylmercury, highest total mercury.

h From the older total diet data of Gartrell et al. (1985).

i A study coauthor believes this result may be too high because of contamination.

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