National Academies Press: OpenBook

Seafood Safety (1991)

Chapter: Index

« Previous: Appendix B: Committee on Evaluation of the Safety of Fishery Products Affiliations and Major Research Interests
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

Index

A

Academic research, 126

Acceptable daily intake (ADI), 222, 226, 229-238

Acute toxicity, 13, 174, 176-180, 252

Additives, 74

Administrative Procedures Act, 288

Advisories, 18, 245-246, 250, 251, 324-325, 330, 335-336

Aeromonas, 36, 45, 73, 74, 75

Age factors, 12, 25, 30, 50, 57, 65

chemical residues, general, 184, 185, 249

elderly persons, 12, 30, 184, 185, 249, 331

perinatal period, 57, 119, 161, 195, 205

trace metal poisoning, 159-163

Agricultural Marketing Act, 300

Alabama, 343-345

Alaska, 6, 59, 63, 75, 76, 96, 316

Allergies, 6, 35, 125, 310, 317, 319

American Public Health Association, 71

Amnesic shellfish poisoning, 101-102, 105

Analogue seafoods, 74, 310, 319

Anisakis simplex, 30, 67, 68, 77

Antibiotics, 27, 75, 98, 122, 123, 312

Antihistamines, 10, 95, 96

Antimony, 231, 232

Antitrust law, 323

Aquaculture, 22, 24-25, 27, 36, 75, 313-314, 329, 330

chemical residues, 13, 121-124, 312, 329

FDA, 25, 122, 312

foreign countries, 13, 18, 22, 23, 25, 123, 124

state-level activities, 311-312, 320

Aromatic hydrocarbons, 120, 136-137, 241, 293

Arsenic, 114-115, 128, 130, 139-140, 158-160, 231, 233, 243, 247

Asian Americans, 74, 249

Association of Food and Drug Officials, 319, 320

Association of Food and Drug Officials of the Southern States, 320-321

Asthma, 310

Astroviruses, 51

Atlantic Ocean, 96, 127

Atrazine, 121, 150

Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, 226, 229

B

Bacteria, 6, 32, 36-46, 65-67

antibiotic resistance, 75

canning and, 59, 63, 278

CDC efforts, 31, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 53, 55, 57-58, 59, 60, 61

estuaries, 38, 41, 42, 45, 67, 72

ethnic foods, 59, 316

FDA efforts, 7, 30, 31, 38, 53, 58, 63, 71, 329, 332

fecal, 6, 33, 36, 67, 69, 71

food processing, 31, 44, 45, 53-62, 63-64, 72-73

molluscs, 38, 39-41, 42, 44, 46, 55, 72, 76, 309, 330-331

risk assessment, 3-9, 30, 31, 37, 39, 41, 42-43, 44-45, 54-55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 66

scombroid toxin, 95

temperature effects, 73, 330

see also Vibrio bacteria;

specific bacterial organisms

Benzene compounds, 120-121, 138-139, 148-149, 247

Bioassays, 9, 78, 92, 98, 180, 181, 194

Bioconcentration levels

organics, 119, 134-139, 144-150, 299

trace metals, 113, 129-134, 139-143

Blood analysis, 159-163 (passim), 201-219 (passim)

Blood diseases, 182

hemochromatosis, 41, 42, 68, 77, 78

organic compounds, 120, 123, 124

trace metals, 116, 117, 161, 180

Bluefish, 10, 93, 96, 103, 127, 245, 248-249, 329, 330

Bone diseases, 115, 116

Botulism, 3, 6, 58-61, 64, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 124, 316

C

Cadmium, 115-116, 130-131, 141, 160-161, 234, 243, 244, 253, 293, 299

Caliciviruses, 51

California, 96, 118, 128, 240, 245, 249-250, 316, 348

Campylobacter jejuni, 3, 55-56, 303

Canada, 23, 26, 100, 101, 154, 201, 226, 229, 325-328

Canning, 23, 244, 278-281, 321, 329, 330

bacteria, 59, 63, 278

salmon, 63, 244, 278, 321

tuna, 23, 224, 244, 329

Carboxylic acid, 118, 121, 139, 150

Carcinogens and carcinogenesis, 15

arsenic, 114-115, 159

chemical residues, general, 11, 12, 15, 113, 174, 181-184, 219, 222, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 252, 253, 254-255

organic compounds, 119, 120, 121, 186, 188-196, 243, 245, 252, 253, 254-255

Caribbean Sea, 2, 317

ciguatera, 6, 9, 91, 92, 102

see also Puerto Rico;

Virgin Islands

Catfish, 24, 123, 313, 322

The Catfish Institute, 322

Centers for Disease Control, 3, 9, 16, 66-67, 76, 334

bacterial infections, 31, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 53, 55, 57-58, 59, 60, 61

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

data collection, general, 15, 16, 19, 22, 31, 35, 302-304

Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance Program, 31, 54

natural toxins, 88, 91, 95, 96, 98, 99

parasitic infections, 7, 30, 31

state-level actions, 314, 315, 317

viral infections, 51, 52, 54, 62

Cestodes, 30, 48, 77

Chemical toxins, general, 2, 11-13, 17, 111-164, 172-259, 292, 295, 299, 332-333

age factors, 184, 185, 249

aquaculture, 13, 121-124, 312, 329

carcinogens, 11, 12, 15, 113, 174, 181-184, 219, 222, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 252, 253, 254-255

chemical residues, 11-12, 112-113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 126, 151, 157-64, 172-259, 307, 333

data bases, 12, 14, 17, 112, 126-128, 151-152, 222-225, 231-243, 253-254, 307

disease control, 150-154, 253-254

dose-response assessment, 11-12, 112, 113, 119, 153, 157-164, 174-186, 187, 197

economics of regulation, 17, 190-192, 193, 219, 244, 255, 307

EPA, 112, 119, 157, 173, 186, 188-189, 192, 222, 231, 257, 332, 333

epidemiology, general, 187, 188, 195, 252

ethnic foods, 249

exposure, 112, 124, 126-150 (passim), 151, 187, 188, 193, 222-251

FDA, 12, 25, 113, 119, 123, 124, 125, 126, 154, 173, 186-187, 188, 189-224, 231, 240-245, 247, 250, 254-255, 257-258, 332-333

federal government, general, 12, 254, 255

finfish, 139-150, 223, 232-237, 239, 243, 244, 245-251, 331-330

funding, 307

genetics, general, 175, 181, 182

immunological factors, 11-12

inspection issues, 12, 126, 150-151

molluscs, 125, 128-139, 225, 232-237, 239

mortality, 178-179, 195

neurotoxicity, 11, 15, 184, 252, 256

public information, 12-13, 150, 222, 245-246, 250, 251, 256

recreational fishing, 17, 127, 225, 245-251, 330

regional/geographic factors, 11, 12, 17, 112, 126, 128, 129-150

regulations, 12, 13, 17, 124, 125, 150, 173, 174-219, 223, 253-254, 306-307

reproductive toxicology, 11, 12, 151, 178-179, 181, 219, 250, 252, 253, 256, 330

research, 12, 252-253

respiratory system, 184

risk assessment, 11-12, 112-113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 126, 151, 157-64, 172-259, 307, 333

sampling, 127-128, 181, 189, 199, 223-224, 241, 243, 244, 248-249, 254, 307

sex differences, 115, 151, 159

shellfish, 115, 232-237, 239, 247;

see specific species

standards, 123, 150-152, 154-155, 190-193, 240

state-level actions, 12, 13, 14, 112, 306-307, 315-316, 324

stochasticprocesses, 174, 181-184

subsistence fishing, 17, 225, 245-251, 330

time factors, 124, 130

waste management, 17, 254

see also Acute toxicity;

Chronic toxicity;

Organic compounds;

Pesticides;

specific toxins

Chemotherapeutic agents, 121-122

Chesapeake Bay, 39, 41, 43, 250

Children, 116, 117, 161, 162, 204-207, 252, 330

perinatal period, 57, 119, 161, 195, 205

China, 23, 25, 252

Chloramphenicol, 123

Chlordane, 120, 130, 147

Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 12, 118, 120-121, 137-139, 145-146, 148-149

see also specific substances

Chlorine, 52, 124-125, 246

Cholera, 19, 37-41, 45, 66, 292, 316-317, 318

Chromatography, 98

Chromium, 231, 235, 243

Chronic toxicity, 2, 13, 114, 158-164, 174, 180, 184-186, 188, 194-195, 250, 252-253

see also Carcinogens and carcinogenesis;

Mutagens and mutagenesis;

Neurotoxicity;

Reproductive toxicology

Ciguatera, 1, 2, 6, 9, 88, 89-93, 102, 104, 106, 305, 306, 316, 318, 329, 330

imports, 92, 102, 316

inspection issues, 9, 92, 93

recreational fishing, 92, 306, 330

regional factors, 6, 89, 92, 305

regulations, 9, 306

research, 92, 93, 306

state government, 9, 106, 316

Cirrhosis, 41, 42, 68, 78

hemochromatosis, 41, 42, 68, 77, 78

Clams, 72, 309, 315

Clean Water Act, 295

Clostridium botulinum, 8, 58-59, 64, 73, 74, 77, 78, 316

Clostridium perfringens, 8, 95

Codex Alimentarius, 325, 335

Colorado, 319

Commercial seafood industry, 23-24, 73, 225-245, 321-325

education of personnel, 2, 18, 44, 103, 307, 309, 313-314, 336

exports, inspection of, 301, 326, 328

fragmentation of, 22

state-level situation, 342-414 (passim)

vessels and docks, regulations, 19, 26, 300, 307-311

see also Aquaculture;

Food processing;

Imports

Computers and computer science

Monte Carlo simulations, 187

see also Data bases

Conference of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, 302

Consumers and consumption

environmental issues awareness, 22

fear as impediment, 307

recreational catches, 247-248

statistical methods, 21-27 (passim), 199-200, 225-226

trends, 21-27 (passim), 225-226, 227-228, 231-239

see also Exposure;

Public information

Crabs, 42, 50, 59, 74, 115, 277-278, 290, 291, 309, 323

Crawfish, 24-25

Cross-contamination, 27, 30, 40, 41, 68, 74, 76, 78, 309, 311

Culture techniques, 41

Curing and smoking, 23, 48, 59, 75, 124, 319

D

Data bases, 19, 20, 31-32, 35, 78, 31

CDC, 15, 16, 19, 22, 31, 35, 302-304

chemical residues, general, 12, 14, 17, 112, 126-128, 151-152, 222-225, 231-243, 253-254, 307

imports, 225, 226, 228, 244-245

pesticides, 126, 139, 222-225, 254

recreational fishing, 22-23, 24

DDT, 120, 137-138, 145-146, 243, 246, 247, 249

Demography

of consumers, 25-26

seafood industry, 22-23

Denmark, 26

Department of Agriculture, 24, 287, 292, 300, 313-314, 319, 320, 322

Department of Commerce, 24, 292, 300, 322

see also specific agencies

Department of Defense, 287, 292

Department of Health and Human Services, 157, 292

see also Food and Drug Administration

Depuration, 72, 125, 315

Developing countries, 74

Developmental toxicology, 11

children, 116, 117, 161, 162, 204-207, 252, 330

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

perinatal period, 57, 119, 161, 195, 205

see also Reproductive toxicology

Diabetes, 30, 42, 46

hemochromatosis, 41, 42, 68, 77, 78

Diarrhea, 37, 55, 56, 89, 101, 105

diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, 9, 99-100

selenium poisoning, 117

Dibenzofurans, 12, 194

Dieldrin, 120, 146-147, 241, 243, 245

Dinophysis, 99-100

Dioxins, 12, 119, 145, 182, 184, 223, 243, 245, 246, 248, 253, 293, 299

Disease control, 16-18, 67-75, 286-337

antibiotics, 27, 75, 98, 122, 123, 312

bacterial agents, 38, 39-40, 41, 44, 55, 58, 59

chemical residues, 150-154, 253-254

ciguatera, 92, 106

parasites, 48

viruses, 51, 52-53

see also Centers for Disease Control;

Inspection issues;

Regulations;

Standards;

Waste management

DNA probes, 20, 41, 57, 68, 78

Dock facilities, 19, 26, 308

Dose-response assessment, 65, 95

bacterial agents, 44, 65, 67-68

chemical residues, 11-12, 112, 113, 119, 153, 157-164, 174-186, 187, 197

models, 176-179, 181-182, 184-185, 187-188

Drugs

antibiotics, 27, 75, 98, 122, 123, 312

antihistamines, 10, 95, 96

residues, 25, 121-122, 312

E

Ear infections, 39

Economic factors

aquaculture, 312

chemical toxins regulation, 17, 190-192, 193, 219, 244, 255, 307

ciguatera, 92-93

commercial fishing, 23

FDA imports enforcement, 298

inspection activities, 298, 300, 301, 307, 308, 327

local efforts, 311

Ecuador, 23, 25, 123

Education

fishing/processing personnel, 2, 13, 18, 44, 103, 106, 307, 309, 313-314, 336

health professionals, 13, 15, 44, 77, 78, 103, 106, 301, 307, 309, 313-314, 336

see also Public information

Edwardsiella tarda, 75

Elderly persons, 12, 30, 331

chemical residues, 184, 185, 249

Electron microscopy, 71

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay), 9, 78, 98

Endosulfan, 120, 138, 148

Endrin, 120

Environmental issues, 22

see also Pollution

Environmental Protection Agency, 13-14, 16, 295

chemical residues, 112, 119, 157, 173, 186, 188-189, 192, 222, 231, 257, 332, 333

standards and guidelines, 287, 288, 290, 307, 320, 327, 328

Epidemiology, 3-6, 7, 9, 15, 19-20, 301-304

bacterial infections, 30, 31, 37, 39, 40, 42-43, 44-45, 46, 53, 54-55, 57-58, 59, 61, 69, 77, 318

chemical toxins, 187, 188, 195, 252

national system, 2, 126-150, 240-245, 254, 268-269, 287-304

natural toxins, general, 89, 93-94, 98-99, 100, 101

parasitic infections, 30, 31, 46, 47, 48

state-level data, 302, 314-319

vibrio, 37-38

viruses, 49, 50-51

see also Centers for Disease Control;

Data bases;

Mortality;

Reporting

issues;

Risk assessment

Erythromycin, 123

Escherichia coli, 56, 72, 73, 277-278, 290, 294, 330-331

Estuaries, 320

bacteria, 38, 41, 42, 45, 67, 72

Chesapeake Bay, 39, 41, 43, 250

Galveston Bay, 40, 42

organic compounds, 120, 138

viruses, 51, 72

water quality standards, 68-69

Ethnic foods, 3, 6, 30, 48, 59, 74-75, 225, 245-251, 316

Europe, 59, 63, 100, 123

European Economic Community, 26-27, 327-328

Exports, 301, 326, 328

Exposure

chemical residues, 112, 124, 126-150 (passim), 151, 187, 188, 193, 222-251

levels, 174-175

microorganisms, 65-66

F

Fecal pollution, 6, 33, 36, 49-53, 67, 69, 71

E. coli, 72, 73, 277-278, 290, 294, 330-331

Federal government, 2, 13-16, 106, 308, 322, 332-334

advisories, 325, 335

chemical residues, 12, 254, 255

interagency issues, 16, 17, 19, 320

monitoring, 301-304

national surveillance system, 2, 126-150, 240-245, 254, 268-269, 287-304

natural toxins, general, 10, 106, 306

recreational catches, 251, 308

standards, 68-70, 123, 186-187, 189-196, 288-294, 307

state cooperation with, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18-19, 31, 69, 106, 223, 302, 306, 307, 309, 310, 312, 313-314, 319-321;

see also National Shellfish Sanitation Program

see also Centers for Disease Control;

Environmental Protection Administration;

Food and Drug Administration;

Laws;

National Marine Fisheries Service;

other agencies

Federal-State Standing Committee on Residues in Fish, 307

Federal Trade Commission, 323

Fermentation, 6, 59, 75, 316

Fertilizers, 115

Finfish, 22, 47, 48, 89, 329, 330

chemical residues, 139-150, 223, 232-237, 239, 243, 244, 245-251, 331-330

see also specific species

Fish and Wildlife Service, 122, 126

Florida, 9, 43, 89, 91, 99, 313, 317, 319, 353-359

Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations), 222, 229, 230, 235-239, 275, 325, 326

Food and Drug Administration, 13-15, 16, 287, 321, 332, 336

aquaculture, 25, 122, 312

bacteria, 7, 30, 31, 38, 53, 58, 63, 71, 329, 332

chemical residues, 12, 25, 113, 119, 123, 124, 125, 126, 154, 173, 186-187, 188, 189-224, 231, 240-245, 247, 250, 254-255, 257-258, 332-333

imports, 244-245, 313

inspection and enforcement, 295-300

parasites, 7, 30, 31, 38

puffer fish poisoning, 101

sampling, 189, 199, 223-224, 241, 243, 244, 248-249, 254, 267-284, 296-297, 321

saxitoxins, 98

scombroid, 95, 103

standards, 68-70, 123, 186-187, 189-196, 288-294

Total Diet Study, 222-223, 238, 241

see also Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point;

National Shellfish Sanitation Program;

Northeast Technical Support Unit

Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance Program, 31, 54

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 151, 288, 289-290, 296, 298

Food Inspection Act (Canada), 326

Food processing, 6-7, 17, 22, 33, 78

additives, 74

analogue foods, 74, 310, 319

associations, 225, 321-324, 337

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

bacteria, 31, 44, 45, 53-62, 63-64, 72-73

cross-contamination, 27, 30, 40, 41, 68, 74, 76, 78, 309, 311

curing and smoking, 23, 48, 59, 75, 124, 319

depuration, 72, 125, 315

dock facilities, 19, 26, 308

education of personnel, 2, 18, 44, 103, 307, 309, 313-314, 336

fermentation, 6, 59, 75, 316

irradiation, 44, 45, 67-68, 77

marination techniques, 75

new techniques, 9, 310

nitrosamines, 124

packaging and containers, 23, 59, 60, 63-64, 70, 74, 300;

see also Canning

ready-to-eat foods, 25-26, 311

refrigeration, 44, 49, 56, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, 74, 78, 95-96

salting, 60

scombroid, 95-96, 103, 316

standards, 63-64, 72-73, 342-414 (passim)

state-level actions, 308-311, 316, 342-414 (passim)

viruses, 62

see also Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point;

Inspection issues

Freshwater fish, 23, 126, 223, 225, 243, 248, 316

catfish, 24, 123, 313, 322

see also Great Lakes

Frozen food, 48, 73, 329

Funding, 19, 292

chemical toxin control, 307

enforcement, 52

federal aid to states, 19, 307

industry recipients, 322

local efforts, 311

natural toxin control, 106

G

Galveston Bay, 40, 42

Gambierdiscus toxicus, 89, 90, 92

Gastrointestinal system, 8, 30, 37, 39, 40, 45, 51, 76, 89, 94-95, 99, 100, 114, 124

see also Diarrhea

Genetics

chemical residues, general, 175, 181, 182

DNA probes, 20, 41, 57, 68, 78

trace metals, 114, 117

Geographic factors, see Regional factors;

specific geographic areas

Georgia, 359-365

Gonyaulax, 97, 98

Government role, 13-16

chemical toxin control, 12

interagency issues, 16, 17, 19, 310, 320

see also Federal government;

Local government;

Regulations;

Standards;

State government

Great Lakes, 12, 17, 73, 124, 195, 201, 240, 243, 245, 248, 329, 330

Guam, 7, 89, 102, 316-317, 318

Gulf of Mexico, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 67, 71, 99, 305

Gymnodinium breve, 99, 317

see also Red tides

H

Hafnia alvei, 95

Hallucinogenic fish poisoning, 102

Halogen compounds, 124-125

Hawaii, 89, 91, 92, 94, 100, 101, 102, 314, 316, 330, 365-370

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point, 4-5, 7, 9, 10, 16, 17, 27, 31, 72, 78, 283-284, 314, 319, 321, 325, 333, 335

Health professionals

associations, 71, 319-321

education, 13, 15, 44, 77, 78, 103, 106, 301, 307, 309, 313-314, 336

Hemochromatosis, 41, 42, 68, 77, 78

Hemorrhages, 117

Hepatic system

cirrhosis, 41, 42, 68, 78

defective, 30, 76

hemochromatosis, 41, 42, 68, 77, 78

organic compounds, 120

trace metals, 115, 116, 159

Hepatitis, 8, 49, 50-51, 52-53, 62, 66, 72, 117, 316

Heptachlor compounds, 120, 138, 147-148

Herbicides, 115, 119, 121, 139, 150

Herring, 244, 276

High-performance liquid chromatography, 98

Histamine poisoning, 94

I

Immunological factors

allergies, 6, 35, 125, 310, 317, 319

aquaculture, 122

bioassays, 9, 78, 98, 180, 181, 194

chemical residues, 11-12

immunocompromised individuals, 30, 31, 39, 41, 42, 57, 65, 68, 76, 77, 78

paralytic shellfish poisoning, 96

radioimmunoassays, 92, 98, 180

southern blotting, 38

vaccines, 53

Imports, 2, 16, 22, 23, 36, 73-74, 334-335

aquaculture products, 13, 18, 22, 23, 25, 124

ciguatera, 92, 102, 316

export inspections, 301, 326, 328

FDA, 244-245, 313

inspection requirements, 7, 14, 15, 18, 76, 124, 298-299, 300, 301, 325-328, 335

mercury, 244

puffer fish, 106

regulatory programs, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 26-27

sampling, 244-245, 267

scombroid, 96, 106, 316

shellfish, 23, 73, 76, 77-78, 100, 103, 106, 298-299, 315, 329

standards, 8-9, 13, 73, 77-78, 298, 300, 325, 334-335, 337

state-level action, 313, 316

statistical data, 225, 226, 228, 244-245

Individual risk assessments, 219, 243, 257

Industry associations, 225, 321-324, 337

Inhalation toxicology, 113, 115

Insecticides, see Pesticides

Inspection issues, 1, 9, 13-17, 19, 31, 78, 294-301, 313, 319, 333-334

aquaculture, 124

chemical toxins, 12, 126, 150-151

ciguatera, 9, 92, 93

cost factors, 298, 300, 301, 307, 308, 327

EPA, 295

exports, 301, 326, 328

FDA, 295-300

imports, 7, 14, 15, 18, 76, 124, 298, 300, 325-328, 335

mercury, 299

molluscs, 8, 9, 76, 309

paralytic shellfish poisoning, 10, 296, 306, 315

parasites, 68

research, 9, 10, 16-17, 19-20, 30, 78, 92, 93, 103, 106

scombroid, 95-96, 103

state-level, 18-19, 308-311, 321-324

voluntary programs, 287, 300-301, 320, 321, 322, 323

see also Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point;

Sampling

International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, 320

International perspective, 14-16, 18, 26-27, 125, 222, 229, 230, 235-239, 275, 301, 325-331, 335, 337

see also Imports;

specific countries

Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference, 310, 320, 336

Interstate trade, 223, 224, 229, 287, 300, 336

voluntary programs, 287, 300-301, 320, 321, 322

Irradiation, 44, 45, 67-68, 77

J

Japan, 23, 40, 92, 100, 101, 115, 196

K

Kelbsiella pneumoniae, 71, 95

Kepone, 121, 139

Kidneys, see Renal system

L

Labeling, 6, 26, 150, 222, 251, 310, 319, 322

imports, 26

state actions, 310

Lactobacillus, 95

Langostinos, 278, 291

Laws, 19, 112, 254, 255, 302, 323

Administrative Procedures Act, 288

Agricultural Marketing Act, 300

Clean Water Act, 295

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 151, 288, 289-290, 296, 298

Food Inspection Act (Canada), 326

Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, 295

National Aquaculture Act, 320

Presidential Reorganization Order No. 3, 288, 300

Toxic Substances Control Act, 118

Lead, 116, 131-132, 142, 161-163, 180, 235-236, 243, 253, 293, 299

Legal issues, 302, 323

litigation, 289-290, 324

poaching, 8, 52, 77, 315, 331

see also Laws;

Regulations;

Standards

Licenses and permits, 78, 96, 106, 308, 313, 323

recreational fishing, 16, 96, 106, 313

Lindane, 148, 244

Listeria monocytogenes, 57-58, 64, 73, 74, 78, 292, 298

Litigation, 289-290

advisories, 324

Liver, see Hepatic system

Local government, 14-16, 31, 96, 99, 103, 302, 304, 311, 315, 319, 330

Louisiana, 43, 317, 324, 370-376

M

Mahimahi, 10, 93, 94, 298, 329

Maine, 96, 321-322

Maitotoxin, 91

Marination techniques, 75

Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, 295

Marketing and distribution, 310-311

Agricultural Marketing Act, 300

labeling, 6, 26, 150, 222, 251, 310, 319, 322

National Aquaculture Act, 320

Maryland, 307-308

Massachusetts, 96, 128, 315, 376-380

Meningitis, 57

Mercury, 12, 17, 113, 116-117, 132-133, 142-143, 154-155, 162-163, 185-188, 196-219, 220-221, 223, 229, 237-238, 241, 243, 244, 246, 248, 253, 299, 330

Mexico, 23

Michigan, 201, 248, 316

Microbiology and microorganisms, 9, 34, 41, 64-76, 78, 92, 98, 100, 181, 194, 296, 305, 309, 319, 332

see also Bacteria;

Genetics;

Parasites;

Viruses;

specific organisms

Minorities, 6, 25, 74, 75, 249, 316

see also Ethnic foods

Mirex, 121, 149

Mississippi, 380-385

Models

dose-response, 176-179, 181-182, 184-185, 187-188

nonlinear, 181, 182

recreational catches, 250

Molecular biology, 175

see also Genetics;

Stochastic processes

Molluscs, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 15, 30-31, 77-78, 299, 330-331

bacteria, 38, 39-41, 42, 44, 46, 55, 72, 76, 309, 330-331

chemical residues, 125, 128-139, 225, 232-237, 239

clams, 72, 309, 315

natural toxins, 96, 98, 99-100, 309

oysters, 68-71, 72, 250, 309, 324

state-level actions, 309, 310, 313, 315, 317, 324

viruses, 50-51, 66, 76

Monte Carlo simulations, 187

Morganella morganii, 95

Mortality, 9, 302

chemical residues, 178-179, 195

ciguatera, 90

paralytic shellfish poisoning, 96, 98-99

puffer fish poisoning, 100, 101

V. vulnificus, 30, 42

Mussels, 102

Mutagens and mutagenesis, 115, 117, 119, 125, 174, 175, 181, 182, 256

N

National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Food, 292

National Aquaculture Act, 320

National Blue Crab Industry Association, 323

National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program, 127-128

National Fisheries Institute, Inc., 70, 323

National Food Processors Association, 321

National Marine Fisheries Service, 13, 16, 24, 224-226, 231-239, 243, 244, 287, 300-301, 314, 320

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 14, 101, 126-127, 137, 139, 141, 148-149, 332

National Status and Trends Program, 126-127, 128-147, 152

National Oceanographic Data Center, 152

National Pesticide Monitoring Program, 126, 139

National Research Council, 229, 230, 231-238 (passim)

National Shellfish Sanitation Program, 14, 15, 68-69, 229, 293-295, 305, 310, 313, 331

National Status and Trends Program, 126-127, 128-147, 152

Native Americans, 6, 75, 249, 316

Natural toxins, 9-11, 87-106, 291, 332

CDC, 88, 91, 95, 96, 98, 99

federal government, general, 10, 106, 306

molluscs, 96, 98, 99-100, 309

natural toxins, 9-10, 92-93, 94, 102

public information, 9, 92, 96, 103, 106, 306

regional factors, 6, 9, 10, 14, 89, 92, 305

regulations, general, 106, 306, 332

research, 92, 93, 103, 106

risk assessment, 9-10, 92-93, 94, 102

shellfish, general, 292, 309

standards, 95, 98, 103

state-level regulation, 9, 10, 103, 106, 306, 316

see also specific toxins

Nematodes, 48-49

Neurotoxicity, 15

amnesic shellfish poisoning, 101-102

chemical residues, general, 11, 15, 184, 252, 256

ciguatera, 89-90

hallucinogenic fish poisoning, 102

organic compounds, 119, 120, 121, 195

paralysis, 90, 100

paralytic shellfish poisoning, 6, 9, 10, 88, 96-99, 102, 104, 296, 306, 315, 330, 331

parkinsonism, 12, 186

scombroid, 94-95

trace metals, 114, 115, 117, 161, 162, 180, 185-186, 188, 204-211, 213-219

Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (red tides), 9, 10, 99, 105, 306, 317

New York, 128, 314, 315

Nickel, 113

Nitrofurans, 122, 124

Nitrosamines, 124

Northeast Technical Support Unit, 19, 66, 76

bacteria, 31, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 53, 55-57, 60, 61, 66

naturally occurring toxins, 96, 99

parasites, 31

viruses, 51, 52

North Carolina, 99, 385-391

Norwalk virus, 6, 7, 30, 49, 50, 51-52, 66, 66, 72, 76

Norway, 26, 244

O

Oregon, 319

Organic compounds, 17, 118-125, 134-139, 144-150, 240-243

bioconcentration levels, 119, 134-139, 144-150, 299

blood diseases, 120, 123, 124

estuaries, 120, 138

hepatic systems, 120

neurotoxicity, 119, 120, 121, 195

reproductive toxicology, 119, 121, 189, 195, 219, 250

see also specific chemicals

Oxytetracycline, 123

Oysters, 324

chemical residues, 250

Gulf of Mexico, 71

processing, 309

viruses, 72

water quality standards, 68-71

Ozonation, 125

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

P

Pacific Islands, 2, 6, 9, 40, 91, 96, 316

see also Guam;

Hawaii

Packaging and containers

labeling, 6, 26, 150, 222, 251, 310, 319, 322

modified atmospheres, 64

standards, 70, 300

vacuum, 60, 63-64, 74

see also Canning

Paralysis

ciguatera, 90

puffer fish poisoning, 100

Paralytic shellfish poisoning, 6, 9, 10, 88, 96-99, 102, 104, 296, 306, 315, 330, 331

Parasites, 6-9, 31, 35, 46-49, 67, 68, 77, 121, 296

CDC, 7, 30, 31

epidemiology, 30, 31, 46, 47, 48

ethnic foods, 30, 48

FDA, 7, 30, 31, 38

finfish, 47, 48

frozen food, 48

public information, 68, 75, 78

regional factors, 67, 68

risk assessment, general, 3-9, 30, 31, 46, 47, 48-49

sampling, 276-277

shellfish, 30-31

see also specific parasites

Parkinsonism, 12, 186

Pasteurization, 62-63

Pentachlorophenol, 121

Persistence, in environment

organic compounds, 121

trace metals, 113, 117, 158-164, 197-199, 213, 219

Pesticides, 12, 115, 118, 120, 121, 122, 126, 137-138, 145-149, 245, 299-300

data bases, 126, 139, 222-225, 254

see also specific pesticides

pH conditions, 46, 50, 70

bacteria, 56, 58, 61, 62

Phenols, 120-121, 138-139, 148-149

Plesiomonas shigelloides, 36, 45-46

Poaching, 8, 52, 77, 315, 331

Polioviruses, 72

Pollution, 1, 35, 68-73

fecal, 6, 33, 36, 49-53, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 277-278, 290, 294, 330-331

legislation, 295

public awareness of, 22

see also Chemical toxins;

Environmental Protection Agency;

Trace metals;

Waste management

Polychlorinated biphenyls, 12, 17, 113, 118-119, 120, 127, 134-135, 144-145, 154-155

as carcinogens, 186, 188-196

imports, 244, 245

risk assessment, 175, 176, 178, 182, 184, 186-196, 223, 224, 240, 241, 253, 254, 257-258

recreational catches, 246-249, 250

standards, 293

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 120, 136-137, 241, 247, 293

Polyether compounds, 93

Polymerase chain reaction techniques, 68, 78

Preservation techniques, 319

curing and smoking, 23, 48, 59, 75, 124, 319

fermentation, 6, 59, 75, 316

salting, 60, 66

vacuum packaging, 60, 63, 64, 74

see also Canning;

Packaging and containers

Presidential Reorganization Order No. 3, 288, 300

Prorocentrum, 100

Public Health Service, 69

see also Centers for Disease Control

Public information, 2, 15, 19, 22, 27, 293, 308, 331, 332, 336

advisories, 18, 245-246, 250, 251, 324-325, 335-336

chemical residues, 12-13, 150, 222, 245-246, 250, 251, 256

labeling, 6, 26, 150, 222, 251, 310, 319, 322

microorganisms and parasites, 68, 75, 78

natural toxins, 9, 92, 96, 103, 106, 306

recreational fishing, 18, 68, 96, 245-246, 306, 308

state activities, 306, 308, 309

Puerto Rico, 89, 91, 314, 316, 391-400

Puffer fish poisoning, 9, 100-101, 104, 106

Puget Sound, 246-247

R

Radioimmunoassays, 92, 98, 180

Recreational fishing, 2, 15, 27, 28, 68, 77, 250, 331, 334

aquaculture and, 25

chemical toxins, 17, 127, 225, 245-251, 330

ciguatera, 92, 306, 330

consumption, 247-248

data on, 22-23, 24, 247-248

education, 18, 68, 96, 245-246, 306, 308

advisories, 18, 245-246, 250, 251, 324-325, 330, 335-336

federal government, general, 251, 308

licenses and permits, 16, 96, 106, 313

mercury, 246, 248, 330

PCBs, 246, 247, 248-249, 250

sampling, 248-249, 250

scombroid, 10, 96, 103

shellfish, 8, 24, 52, 313

state actions, 18, 245-246, 250, 251, 306, 308, 312-313

Red tides, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, 9, 10, 99, 105, 306, 317

Refrigeration, 44, 49, 56, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, 74, 78, 95-96

see also Frozen food

Reef fish, 1, 2, 102

ciguatera, 6, 9, 89, 90, 92, 102, 106, 329

see also specific species

Regional factors, 2, 15, 18, 22, 117, 305, 314, 319

chemical residues, 11, 12, 17, 112, 126, 128, 129-150 (passim), 193, 240, 244, 247-248

ciguatera, 6, 89, 92, 305

control measures, 14, 15, 17, 68, 306, 309

monitoring, 14, 127-128, 240

natural toxins, general, 6, 9, 10, 14, 89, 92, 305

parasites, 67, 68

viral infections, 50, 52

see also specific geographic areas

Regulations, 13-16, 17, 296, 305, 309, 319, 332

chemical residues, 12, 13, 17, 124, 125, 150, 173, 174-219, 223, 253-254, 306-307

economic factors, 17, 190-192, 193, 219, 244, 255, 307

ciguatera, 9, 306

costs, 17, 190-192, 193

dose-response relationships, 174-186

ethnic foods, 75

illness surveillance program, 78

imports, general, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 26-27

interstate trade, 223, 224, 229, 287, 300

labeling, 6, 26, 150, 222, 251, 310, 319, 322

natural toxins, general, 106, 306, 332

scombroid, 106

shellfish, 7

specific states, 342-414

state-level, 9, 10, 103, 106, 303, 304-314, 316, 319-324, 336

vessels and docks, 19, 26, 300, 307-311

waste management, 1, 2, 8, 17, 30, 52, 77, 254

see also Environmental Protection Agency;

Food and Drug Administration;

Inspection issues;

Licenses and permits;

Standards

Renal system, 42, 115, 116, 117, 123, 160-161, 162, 180

Reporting issues, 22, 31, 302-303, 314-319

see also Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance Program;

Northeast

Technical Support Unit

Reproductive toxicology

chemical residues, general, 11, 12, 151, 178-179, 181, 219, 250, 252, 253, 256, 330

education on, 18

organic compounds, 119, 121, 189, 195, 219, 250

perinatal period, 57, 119, 161, 195, 205

trace metals, 114, 115, 118, 119, 159-164, 197, 205-207, 213-219, 231, 330

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

Research, 19-20

academic, 126

chemical residues, 12, 252-253

ciguatera, 92, 93, 306

consumer information, 27

inspection technology, 9, 10, 16-17, 19-20, 30, 78

microorganisms, 30, 78

natural toxins, 92, 93, 103, 106

risk assessment, 252-253

standards, 73-74

toxicology, experimental, 219, 332

Respiratory system, 97, 99, 100, 113, 115, 184

Risk assessment, 1, 2, 16, 320

allergies, 6, 35, 125, 310, 317, 319

bacterial infections, 3-6, 6-9, 30, 31, 37, 39, 41, 42-43, 44-45, 54-55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 66

chemical residues, 11-12, 112-113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 126, 151, 157-164, 172-259, 307, 333

ciguatera, 92-93

comparative, various products, 328-331

high-risk groups, 8, 14, 30, 31, 39, 41, 42, 44, 65, 68, 76, 77, 125, 229, 310, 330

mercury, 223, 229, 237-238, 241, 243, 253

microorganisms, general, 34, 64-76

parasites, 3-6, 6-9, 30, 31, 46, 47, 48-49

PCBs, 175, 176, 178, 182, 184, 186-187, 188-196, 223, 224, 240, 241, 253, 254, 257-258

natural toxins, 9-10, 92-93, 94, 102

sex differences, 115, 151, 159

vibrio, 37-38

viruses, 52, 62, 66, 67, 72

see also Dose-response assessment;

Epidemiology;

Exposure

S

Salmon, 24, 54, 59, 63, 244, 245, 278-281, 321

Salmonellae, 3, 8, 53-55, 67, 69, 73, 75, 77, 274-275, 292, 298, 303, 318, 329

Salting, 60, 66

Sampling, 14, 267-284, 307

chemical residues, 127-128, 181, 189, 199, 223-224, 241, 243, 244, 248-249, 254, 307

FDA, 189, 199, 223-224, 241, 243, 244, 248-249, 254, 267-284, 296-297, 321

imports, 244-245, 267

recreational catches, 248-249, 250

state-level actions, 307

Saxitoxins, 97-98, 100-101

Scaritoxin, 90

Scombroid poisoning, 6, 9, 10, 11, 88, 93-96, 102, 103, 105, 106, 313, 315, 316, 317, 329

Seasonal factors

bacteria, 36, 39-40, 42, 44, 45-46, 67-68, 71, 77, 305

Gonyaulax, 98

Selenium, 113, 114, 117-118, 133-134, 143, 163-164, 238-239, 243

Septicemia, 39, 42, 57, 68

Sex differences

bluefish, 248

chemical residues, 115, 151, 159

see also Reproductive toxicology

Shark, 224, 244, 299, 330

Shellfish, 1, 4-6, 19

bacterial infections, 30-31, 34, 37-39, 40-42, 44, 45, 54, 55, 56, 61, 66-67, 68, 278, 291

chemical residues, 115, 232-237, 239, 247

crabs, 42, 50, 59, 74, 115, 277-278, 290, 291, 309, 323

diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, 9, 99-100

imports, 23, 73, 76, 77-78, 100, 103, 106, 245, 298-299, 329

langostinos, 278, 291

natural toxins, general, 292, 309

neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, 9, 10, 99, 105, 306, 317

paralytic shellfish poisoning, 6, 9, 10, 88, 96-99, 102, 104, 296, 306, 315, 330, 331

parasitic infections, 30-31

recreational fishing, 8, 24, 52, 313

risk, general, 66-67

sampling, 277-278, 281-283

sulfites, 125, 310

standards, 68-70, 77-78, 322, 323

state-level action, 306, 309, 310, 315, 316

see also Molluscs;

National Shellfish Sanitation Program

Shigella, 8, 36, 45-46, 60-61, 67, 292

Shrimp, 328-329

Size and size restrictions, 150, 151-152, 154-155, 248-249

Skin and skin diseases, 94-95, 113, 114-115, 159, 163

Smoked seafood, see Curing and smoking

Sous vide products, 63-64, 74

South Carolina, 400-411

Southeast Fisheries Association, 322

Southern blotting, 38

Southern California Coastal Water Research Organization, 240

Sport fishing, see Recreational fishing

Standards, 19, 288-294

acceptable daily intake (ADI), 222, 226, 229-238

action levels, 289-290

advisories, 18, 251, 324, 335

aquaculture, 122

chemical residues, 123, 150-152, 154-155, 190-193, 240

crabs, 323

EPA, 287, 288, 290, 307, 320, 327, 328

FDA, 68-70, 123, 186-187, 189-196, 288-294

federal government, general, 68-70, 123, 186-187, 189-196, 288-294, 307

food processing, 70, 72-73, 74, 342-414 (passim)

imports, 8-9, 13, 73, 77-78, 298, 300, 325, 334-335, 337

industry, 321-324

natural toxins, 95, 98, 103

PCBs, 293

regional, 319

risk models and, 177

shellfish, 68-70, 77-78, 322, 323

size restrictions, 150, 151-152, 154-155, 248-249

tolerances, 288-289

voluntary, 287, 300-301, 320, 321, 322

water quality, 68-69, 70, 77

Staphylococcus agents, 30, 61-62, 73

sampling, 271, 275

State government, 2, 13, 15, 16, 63, 304-325, 336, 342-414 (passim)

aquaculture, 311-312, 320

CDC relations, 314, 315, 317

chemical residues, 12, 13, 14, 112, 306-307, 315-316, 324

ciguatera, 9, 106, 316

education, 9, 18, 306

federal aid to, 19, 307

federal cooperation with, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18-19, 31, 69, 106, 223, 302, 306, 307, 309, 310, 312, 313-314, 319-321;

see also National Shellfish Sanitation Program

food processing, 308-311, 316, 342-414 (passim)

imports, 313, 316

inspection, 18-19, 308-311, 321-324

interstate trade, 223, 224, 229, 287, 300, 336

molluscs, 309, 310, 313, 315, 317, 324

natural toxins, general, 9, 10, 103, 106, 306, 316

neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, 99, 306

paralytic shellfish poisoning, 10, 98, 306, 315

public information, 306, 308, 309

advisories, 18, 245-246, 250, 251, 324-325, 335-336

recreational fishing, 18, 245-246, 250, 251, 306, 308, 312-313

regulations, general, 9, 10, 103, 106, 303, 304-314, 316, 319-324, 336

reporting, 22, 302-303, 314-319

sampling, 307

scombroid, 96, 316, 317

shellfish, 306, 309, 310, 315, 316

standards, 70, 319

vibrio bacteria, 309, 315, 316, 317

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×

voluntary programs, 287, 300-301, 320, 321, 322

water quality, 310

see also Licenses and permits;

specific states and U.S. territories

Statistical programs and activities

classification issues, 30, 240, 243, 269-273, 325, 332

consumer trends, 21-27 (passim), 199-200, 225-226

models, 176-179, 181-182, 184-185, 187-188, 250

Monte Carlo simulations, 187

morbidity and mortality, 302

national surveillance system, 2, 126-150, 240-245, 254, 268-269, 287-304

stochastic processes, 174, 181-184

uncertainty, 177-178, 187, 190, 193, 196, 219, 257, 268, 283

see also Centers for Disease Control;

Data bases;

Epidemiology;

Reporting issues;

Risk assessment;

Sampling

Stochastic processes, chemical toxicity, 174, 181-184

Subsistence fishing, 2, 10, 15, 17, 225, 245-251, 330

Sulfites, 125, 310

Sulfonamides, 122-123

Sweden, 196, 223

Swordfish, 12, 17, 154-155, 223, 224, 244, 298, 299, 330

T

TCBS media, 41

Temperature effects, 63-64, 76

bacteria, general, 38, 41, 44, 46, 48, 58, 59, 61-64, 73, 330

control requirements, 17, 68, 69, 73

cooking, 9, 30, 70, 77, 78, 311, 328-329

cross-contamination, 311

distribution of seafood, 73

harvest waters

bacteria, 36, 39-40, 41, 42, 44, 45-46, 48, 67-68, 69, 71, 77, 305

scombroid, 94, 103

molluscs, 7, 30, 39-40, 46, 67-68

nitrosamines, 124

pasteurization, 62-63

scombroid, 10, 94, 103, 106

vibrio, 40, 41, 44, 72

viruses, 62

see also Frozen food;

Refrigeration

Tennessee, 96

Tetracycline, 75

Tetratogenesis, see Reproductive toxicology

Tetrodotoxin, 100

Thailand, 23

Three-class attribute sampling, 271-272

Time factors, 76

chemical residues, 124, 130

distribution of seafood, 73, 310

dose response, 113

molluscs, 7, 68

preparation by consumers, 26

scombroid, 106

terminal sale dates, 310

vibrio, 40, 41, 44

Tin, 113-114

Total Diet Study, 222-223, 238, 241

Toxaphene, 149-150

Toxicology, see Chemical toxins;

Developmental toxicology;

Natural toxins;

Reproductive toxicology

Toxic Substances Control Act, 118

Trace metals, 12, 113-118, 126, 128, 129, 139-143, 157-164, 224

acceptable daily intake, 226, 229-238

bioconcentration levels, 113, 129-134, 139-143

blood diseases, 116, 117, 161, 180

chronic toxicity, 158-164

hepatic system, 115, 116, 159

neurotoxicity, 114, 115, 117, 161, 162, 180, 185-186, 188, 204-211, 213-219

persistence, 113, 117, 158-164, 197-199, 213, 219

reproductive toxicology, 114, 115, 118, 119, 159-164, 197, 205-207, 213-219, 231, 330

see also specific metals

Trematodes, 47-48

Tribal fishing, 225, 245-251

Tuna, 10, 93, 95, 96, 103, 199-200, 299, 330

canned, 23, 224, 244, 329

Tuna Research Foundation, 199-200

Two-class attribute sampling, 269-270

Typhoid, 55, 69

U

United Nations, see Food and Agriculture Organization

United Kingdom, 201

Urinary disorders, 123

V

Vaccines, 53

Vacuum packaging, 60, 63, 64, 74

Vessels, regulation of, 19, 26, 300, 307-311

Vibrio bacteria, 2, 6-8, 19, 30-34, 36-45, 66-68, 72-74, 76, 77, 95, 100, 292, 305, 320, 324

cholera, 19, 37-41, 45, 66, 292, 316-317, 318

state-level actions, 309, 315, 316, 317

Virgin Islands, 89, 91, 314, 316

Viruses, 32, 49-54, 62, 65-67, 72, 76

see also specific viruses

Voluntary programs, 287, 300-301, 320, 321, 322, 323

Vomiting, 89, 95, 100

W

Washington, 96, 128, 246, 311, 316, 411-414

Waste management, 8, 17, 30, 52, 77, 254

see also Pollution

Water quality monitoring, 17, 30, 295, 310, 335

harvest waters

bacteria, 36, 39-42, 44-46, 48, 67-69, 71, 77, 305

scombroid, 94, 103

standards, 68-69, 70, 77

see also National Shellfish Sanitation Program

Wisconsin, 319

Women, 115, 151

see also Reproductive toxicology

World Health Organization, 222, 229, 230, 275, 326

Wound infections, 37, 39, 42

Y

Yersinia enterocolitica, 56-57, 73, 74

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 425
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 426
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 427
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 428
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 429
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 430
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 431
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Seafood Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1612.
×
Page 432
Seafood Safety Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $125.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Can Americans continue to add more seafood to their diets without fear of illness or even death? Seafood-caused health problems are not widespread, but consumers are at risk from seafood-borne microbes and toxins—with consequences that can range from mild enteritis to fatal illness.

At a time when legislators and consumer groups are seeking a sound regulatory approach, Seafood Safety presents a comprehensive set of practical recommendations for ensuring the safety of the seafood supply.

This volume presents the first-ever overview of the field, covering seafood consumption patterns, where and how seafood contamination occurs, and the effectiveness of regulation.

A wealth of technical information is presented on the sources of contamination—microbes, natural toxins, and chemical pollutants—and their effects on human health. The volume evaluates methods used for risk assessment and inspection sampling.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!