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Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
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OCR for page 151
Index
A
Airbus Industrie, 96
Aircraft engine industry, 33-34, 46,
48,51,93-97
critical technologies, 34, 97
Europe, 33, 34, 96
foreign direct investment, 33
government role, 33, 95
interflrm alliances, 33, 93-95
Japan, 33, 34, 96
product cycles, 33, 93-94
R&D, 33, 34, 94, 95, 96
American Technology Preeminence
Act, 12,86
Antitrust policy, 11-12, 51-52, 74,
85-86
electrical equipment, 124
electric turbine generators, 123
Japan, 69, 74
monopolies, global 51-52
see also Interfirm alliances;
Mergers and acquisitions
Artificial intelligence, see Expert
systems
15
ASEA Brown Boveri, 123
Asia, 17, 19, 26, 27, 40, 54, 68, 135
South Korea, 63
see also Japan
Automotive industry, 29-31, 45-46,
48,6(}61,98-102
Europe, 30, 31, 98
foreign direct investment, 30
foreign trade, 30-31
government role, 101
Japan, 30-31, 45-46, 98, 99,
101-102
joint ventures and interim
alliances, 30, 99, 100, 101
management, 99, 102
protectionism, 30
B
Ben Franklin Partnership Program,
6,64
Best practice techniques, 46
generic technologies, 7-8, 79-81
Biotechnology, 28, 35, 41, 47,
103-109
OCR for page 152
152
C
Canada, 17, 18
Canon, 114, 115
Capital investment, 35, 46, 51,
6~66, 68
electrical equipment
manufacturing, 123
foreign sources for U.S.
universities, 38
government role, 83
venture, 59, 67~8
see also Infrastructure
Chemical process industry, 110-113
Coal-powered generators, 123,
131-133
Commercialization of technology
biotechnology, 108
downstream capabilities, 4, 6, 9,
67,78
generic technologies, 7-8, 79-81
government role, 76-83
historical perspectives, 14-15,
64, 75-76
patents, 1, 15, 17, 19-21, 46, 52,
56
university role, 63-64
Computer-aided design, 79, 112,
120
Computers and computer science,
17, 51, 59, 114, 120, 134
printer industry, 35, 46, 11~118
Concurrent engineering, 46
Construction industry, 31-33,
119-122
Japan, 32-33, 120
management, 32-33, 122
mergers and acquisitions, 31-32
R&D, 31,32, 121
standards, 31, 119, 121-122
Consumers and consumption, 58
auto industry, 100
Japanese, 67
INDEX
Corporate nationality, 3, 8, 76, 82,
85,99
discrimination against U.S. firms,
11, 76, 82, 85
Corporations, see Transnational
corporations
Costs, 27, 51, 72, 82
aircraft engine development, 33,
34
computer printer manufacturing,
116
generic technologies, government
assistance, 7-8, 80, 81
of protectionism, 48, 52
D
Defense industries, see Military
technology
Department of Commerce, 8, 40, 41,
81,83, 125
Department of Defense, 8, 81
Developing countries, 46, 52, 63,
98, 111
Diffusion, technology, 4, 6, 7, 72,
76, 77
generic, 7-8, 79-81
E
Education, 5, 6,57, 60, 61-63, 76,
82-83
national learning differentials, 51
primary/secondary, 60, 61-63
public investment, 9
see also Universities
Electrical equipment and power
systems, 123-133
Electronics, 17, 123
semiconductors, 7, 46, 51, 52, 67,
134-137
see also Computers and computer
science
OCR for page 153
INDEX
Energy, see Electrical equipment
and power systems
Engineers and scientists, 2, 46~7,
59-60,62,75
foreign, 5, 26, 35, 36-37, 59-60,
62-63, 64, 77, 95, 112, 113
spending on, 15
statistics on, 15, 55, 56
Environmental issues, 47, 74, 111,
112
clean coal technology, 123,
131-133
Europe, 15-17, 19, 23, 74, 113, 134,
135
aircraft engines, 33, 34, 96
auto industry, 30, 31, 98
computer printers, 118
construction industry, 32, 120
Eastern Europe, 52
electrical equipment, 124
foreign direct investment, 26, 40,
49,50
infrastructure investment, 65
patents, 17
R&D, 27, 54, 68, 96
technology gap, 14, 54
worker skills, 62
see also specific countries
European Community, 11, 74, 85,
134
Expert systems, 59
Exports and imports, see
International trade
F
FAX technology, 118
Federal government, see Laws,
specific federal; National
governments; specific
departments and agencies
Financial factors, 5, 9
policy, 74, 76
153
student aid, 38, 42, 68
see also Mergers and acquisitions
Ford, Henry, 125
Foreign direct investment, 1, 2, 10,
11,40,41,48-50,52,71,73,
77,81, 8~85
aircraft industry, 33
auto industry, 30
Europe, 26, 40, 49, 50
history of, 14, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26,
30,40,48-50,71,75
Japan, 30, 49, 50, 85
laws affecting, 10-11, 84-85
in universities, 38, 42
Foreign and foreign-born engineers,
5,26,35,36-37,59-60,
62-63, 64, 77, 95, 112, 113
Foreign students, 35, 36-37, 42, 57.
62-63
Fujitsu, 135
G
Genentech, 108
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT), 12, 74, 86,
125
General Electric, 33, 34, 93, 95,
96
Generic technologies, 7-8, 79-81
Genetic engineering, see
Biotechnology
Group of Five, 15, 50
Group of Seven, 17, 18
H
Hewlett-Packard, 40, 114, 115
Human factors, 5
creativity, 60, 68
cultural factors, 51, 60, 76, 112
individualism, 60
see also Engineers and scientists
OCR for page 154
154
IBM, 40
Imports and exports, see
International trade
Industrial Technology Institute, 6,
12,79
Information industry, 28,58,59
publication, scientific, 57
technical personnel, 47
see also Computers and computer
science
Infrastructure, 5, 7, 8-9, 76, 82-83
automotive industry, 101
investment in, 64 66
rational, 7, 8-9,73, 86
regional, 7
see also Capital investment;
Education
Intellectual properly, 71
computer software, 59
patents, 1, 15, 17, 19-21,46,52,
56
Interf~rm alliances, 27-28,30, 32,
45,51,52
International Electrical Association,
124
International negotiations and
agreements, 52, 74
see also Antitrust policy;
European Community; GATT;
OECD; U.S.-Japan
Semiconductor Agreement;
U.S.-Japan Structural
Impediments Initiative
International organizations, 12, 16,
17, 39-40, 68, 86
see also GATT, OECD
International trade, 1, 9-10, 25, 26,
45, 46, 47-52, 84
aircraft industry, 33
autos, 3~31
INDEX
construction industry, 31-32
electrical equipment, 124
General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, 12, 74, 86, 125
high-tech, 15, 19, 22, 25-26, 40
see also Antitrust policy;
International negotiations and
agreements; International
organizations; OECD
Intraindustry trade, 49-51
Japan, 14, 15-16, 17, 19, 41, 67, 135
aircraft engines, 33, 34, 96
antitrust, 69,74
auto industry, 3~31,45-46, 98,
99, 101-102
capital investment, 68
computer primers, 115, 116,
117-118
construction industry, 32-33, 120
consumers, 67
electrical equipment, 124
foreign direct investment, 30, 49,
50, 85
infrastructure investment, 65
patents, 17
protectionism, 11,48-49, 85, 124
quality control, 46
U.S.-Japan Semiconductor
Agreement, 52
U.S.-Japan Structural
Impediments Initiative, 74
Joint ventures, 7, 27-29, 38, 41,51,
73, 79, 100, 101
aircraft, 33
auto industry, 30, 99, 100, 101;
see also Interfere alliances;
Technology, licensing
electrical equipment, 124
electric turbine generators, 123
OCR for page 155
INDEX
Kodak, 117
K
L
Laser technology, computer printers,
115
Laws, specific federal
American Technology
Preeminence Act, 12, 86
foreign direct investment, 1~11,
84-85
Omnibus Trade and
Competitiveness Act, 12, 86
Technology Corporation Act, 12,
86
Licensing, see Technology,
licensing
M
Machine tool industry, 48
Management and managers, 2,
34-35, 45, 46, 47, 62, 71, 80,
84
auto industry, 99, 102
construction industry, 32-33, 122
chemical process industry, 111,
112
electrical equipment, 124
see also Process design; Product
cycles
Manufacturing, 12, 39, 78, 86, 100
aircraft industry, 33-34, 46, 48,
51, 93-97
automotive industry, 29-31,
45-46,48,60-61,98-102
basic skills education and, 61
chemical process industry,
110-113
competition, 11-12, 14, 17,
3~35, 48, 51-52
155
computer printer industry, 35, 46,
114-118
electrical equipment and power,
123-133
electronics, general, 17, 123
flexible, 3~31, 135
generic technologies, 7-8,
79-81
high-tech, 15, 17, 19, 22, 25-26,
40, 45, 59, 62, 73, 108
inventories, 41, 46
machine tools, 48
organization of, 46, 62, 78, 102
productivity, 14, 17-19
semiconductors, 7, 46, 51, 52, 67,
134-137
steel industry, 45~6, 48
university mismatch with
industry, 63-64, 66, 68, 125
Markets, see Antitrust and antitrust
law; Competition;
International trade;
National markets
Materials science, 28, 35
computer printers, 116
technical personnel, 47
Mergers and acquisitions, 12, 24,
26-29, 51-52, 74
construction industry, 31-32
electrical equipment, 124
Military technology, 7, 8, 16, 24, 39,
79
aircraft engines, 33, 95
university funding, 63-64
Monopolies, see Antitrust policy
Multinational corporations, see
Transnational corporations
N
National governments, 2-3, 5, 6-10,
76-77, 78-79, 82-84
aircraft industry, 33, 9S
OCR for page 156
156
auto industry, 101
capital investment, 83
commercialization of technology,
76-83
competition intervention, 2-3, 9
construction industry, 121
corporate relations, 84-85
generic technology, 7-8, 80, 81
interagency coordination, 9-10,
83
procurement codes, 125
R&D, 33, 37
student aid, 42, 68
technical competence, 83-84
technology development
programs, 52
see also Laws, specific federal;
Protectionism; specific U.S.
federal departments and
agencies
National Institute of Standards and
Technology, 6, 83
National markets, 47, 51
aircraft engines, 33-34
auto industry, 30
closed, 48-49
construction industry, 31-32
electrical equipment, 124
infrastructure, 7, 8-9, 73, 86
integration, 23, 25, 45
U.S., openness, 57-59
see also Protectionism
National Science Foundation, 6, 64,
79
National security, 7, 33, 79, 82, 33,
95-97
see also Military technology
National treatment, see Corporate
nationality
NEC, 135
Nuclear power, 129-131
INDEX
o
Office of Management and Budget,
103
Office of Technology Assessment,
108
Ohio, 6, 79
Omnibus Trade and
Competitiveness Act, 12, 86
Organizational factors, 9, 26, 83
auto industry, 30
construction industry, 12(~121
decentralization, 2, 26
federal government, 9-10, 83
manufacturing, 46, 62, 66, 78,
102
U.S. research and economy,
55-59
vertical integration, 32-33, 35,
102
see also Infrastructure;
Management and managers
Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
(OECD), 12, 16, 17, 39-40,
68, 86
p
Patents, 1, 15, 17, 19-21, 46, 52, 56
Pharmaceuticals, 17, 108
Policy, =10, 8, 1(}12, 71-86
foreign funding of U.S. research,
38
international directions, 84-86
nationally managed trade, 2, 27
see also Regulation and
deregulation
Pratt & Whitney, 33, 34, 93, 95, 96
Process design, 6, 24, 34, 35, 46, 62,
72, 80, 95, 11~113
Product cycles, 2, 27, 28, 65, 66, 72
OCR for page 157
INDEX
aircraft engines, 33, 93-94
autos, 102
Product design, 6, 7, 24, 35, 46, 62,
72, 80, 96
aircraft engines, 94, 95
computer-aided, 79, 112, 120
construction industry, 31, 32
Production and productivity, 15, 17
auto industry, 31
Gross Domestic Product, 16, 18,
65
Gross National Product, 16, 39,
58,65
internationalization, 1-2, 24
manufacturing, 14, 17-19, 22, 62
national government intervention,
3
research and downstream
capabilities, 4, 6, 9, 67, 78
total factor, 39
Protectionism, 10, 11, 48-51, 73,
74,84,85
auto industry, 30
cost of, 48, 52
discrimination against U.S. firms,
11, 76, 82, 85
electrical equipment, 124
see also Antitrust policy; Foreign
direct investment;
International trade; Regulation
and deregulation
Q
Quality control, 41~2, 46, 79
R
Regional issues, 6, 48, 74, 78-79
auto industry, 98-99
generic technology, 80
infrastructure, 7
interfirm alliances, 29
157
Regulation and deregulation, 5, 9,
74, 76, 82, 83
autos, 99
biotechnology, 109
construction industry, 31, 119,
121-122
generic technologies, 80
see also International
negotiations and agreements;
Protectionism; Standards
Research and development, 1, 2,
39-41
academic, 36-37
aircraft, 33, 34, 94, 95, 96
biotechnology, 109
chemical processes, 111
competition and, 4, 6, 15, 77-78
construction-related, 31, 32, 121
interdisciplinary, 38
law, specific federal, 12, 86
military technology, 7, 8, 16, 24,
33,39,63-64,79,95
product cycles and, 2, 27, 28, 33,
65, 66, 72, 93-94
spending, 1, 15-16, 27, 37-38,
39, 41, 55, 64, 77, 81, 94, 95
U.S., 4, 5-6, 54-57, 63-64
see also Engineers and scientists
Rolls-Royce, 33, 34, 93, 95, 96
S
Semiconductor industry, 7, 46, 51,
52, 67, 134-137
Service sector, 40, 58, 78, 86
chemical process industry, 113
competition, 11-12
construction industry, 31-33,
119-122
Siemens, 117
Southern Technology Council, 6,
12,79
Standard of living, 9, 80, 82
OCR for page 158
158
Standards, 71, 74
aircraft engines, 95
construction, 31, 119, 121-122
corporate role in U.S. economy, 8
electrical equipment, 125
industry classification, federal,
39-40, 103
manufacturing, multinational, 24
procurement codes, 125
State government, 5, 6, 8, 76-77,
78-79, 83
Ben Franlclin Partnership
Program, 6, 64
Thomas Edison Program, 6, 79
university funding, 42, 64,77
Steel industry, 45~6, 48
Structural factors, see Infrastructure;
Organizational factors
Synergism
research and downstream
techniques, 4, 6, 9, 67, 78
T
Technical personnel, see Engineers
and scientists
Technology
biotechnology, 28, 35, 41, 47,
103-109
construction, 119-120
converging national capabilities,
1-2,4, 1~23,34,71,72-73
cooperation agreements, 27-28,
30,32,45,51,52,73,80,
95-96, 100, 101
critical, 8, 29, 34-35, 81
downstream capabilities, 4, 6, 9,
67,78
generic, 7-8,79-81
interim alliances, 27-29, 33-34,
35,41,51,66-67,69,78,81,
84, 86, 9~95, 100; see also
Joint ventures
INDEX
licensing, 51, 41, 80, 113, 122
materials science, 28, 35, 47, 116
military technology, 7, 8, 16, 24,
33, 39, 63~4, 79, 95
see also Patents; Research and
development; Transfer of
technology
Technology Corporation Act, 12, 86
Telecommunications, 48, 59
Communications, 17, 48,58
FAX, 118
mass media, 38
Thomas Edison Program, 6,79
Transfer of technology, 26, 40, 35,
51,73
construction industry, 121-122
diffusion, 4, 6, 7, 72, 76, 77,
78-81
generic, 7-8,79-81
homogenization, 99-100
national security, 7, 33, 79, 82,
95-97
Transnational corporations, 2, 3,
1(~11,72,75
auto industry, 3(}31, 99
cooperation agreements, 27-28,
30,32,45,51,52,73,80,
95-96, 100, 101; see also
Technology, licensing
corporate citizenship, 3, 82, 85
foreign affiliates, 24-25, 27-28,
35, 45, 66, 84
government relations, 74,
84-85
historical development, 14, 24,
26-29, 34
interfirm alliances, 27-29, 33-34,
35,41,51,66~7,69,78,81,
84, 86, 94-95, 100; see also
Joint ventures
research funding in U.S.
universities, 37-39
Technology Corporation Act, 12, 86
OCR for page 159
INDEX
Transportation, 58
aircraft engine industry, 33-34,
93-97
auto industry, 29-31, 45~6, 48,
6()61,98-102
U
Universities, 35-39, 57, 77, 83
chemical engineering, 11~111
doctoral degrees, 36, 42, 57, 62
foreign funding of research, 38,
42
foreign faculty, 26, 35, 36-37,
60,63,77
foreign students, 35, 36-37, 42,
57, 62-63
master's degrees, 62
relations with industry, 63~4,
66, 68, 125
159
research, 36-39, 64, 77
state role, 42, 64, 77
student aid, 38, 42, 68
U.S.-Japan Semiconductor
Agreement, 52
U.S.-Japan Structural
Impediments Initiative, 74
V
Venture capital, 59, 67-68
W
Westinghouse, 124
X
Xerox, 114, 117
Representative terms from entire chapter:
auto industry
