Index
A
Abandon-ship drills, 123
Accidents.
SeeFatalities;
Fishing accidents;
Vessel casualties
Alaska
boarding programs in, 93
buyback programs in, 96
compliance examination programs targeting fisheries in, 15
employment estimates for, 41
injury compensation provided by, xv, 5, 68
local weather reports in, 140-141
material failures in, 237
overview of fishing industry around, 33-37
safety data for, 45-47, 196-197
state vessel numbering system in, 5
Alaska Fishermen's Fund, 67-69, 195-197
Alaska Marine Safety Education Association (AMSEA), 11
Allisions, 80-81
Alternatives.
SeeSafety-improvement options
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), 94, 223, 240
American Hull Institute Syndicate (AHIS), 100-101
American Institute of Marine Underwriters (AIMU), 136
Australia, 181
B
Boarding programs, 87-88, 93, 131, 213-219
Buyback programs, 96
C
Canada
fishing vessel safety in, 14, 107-108, 178, 180, 185-186
role in survival equipment development and regulation, 128-129
Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) emergency equipment development by, 14
fishing vessel safety study by, 127, 180
training standards for emergencies by, 107
Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 186
Capsizing, 45
as cause of vessel-casualty-related fatalities, 59, 60
vessel-related causes of, 77-79
Captain, 2
Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificates, 232
Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificates, 232
CASMAIN data
casualty causes and, 47-52, 140, 233-234
explanation of, 41-43, 188-190
for fatalities, 59-65
recommendations for upgrading, 146
regarding survival equipment, 67
regional variations in, 45, 46
reporting maintenance deficiencies, 75
as source of human factors information, 69, 100-102, 105
tables of selected, 200-212
vessel size and, 52-53
vessel type and usage and, 47
Casualties, 82-83.
See also Vessel casualties;
Vessel casualty data
Certificate of Documentation, 221
Certificate of Inspection (COI), 4, 95, 224, 225, 230-232
Certification
education and training programs leading to, 115-116
establishment of program leading to, 152
explanation of, 2
Classification societies, 88, 240
Coast Guard, U.S.
cost-benefit analysis of safety programs conducted by, 7-8
data recorded by, 3, 5, 17, 70, 100.
See also CASMAIN data;
SAR data;
SEER data
inspection role of, 87, 95-96, 149-150, 228, 239-240.
See also Vessel inspection
international work of, 180
proposed rulemaking by, 6, 87, 88
recommendations for, 144-147, 149-154
role in fishing vessel safety, xvii, 7-10, 15-16, 87, 131, 179
role in licensing, 116, 117, 152
survival equipment approval by, 124, 126, 129, 251-260
survival system publications of, 260
vessel identification system of, 70
Coast Guard compliance examinations, 10
and courtesy marine examinations, 216-217
extent and results of, 215-216
nature of, 213-214
objectives of, 214-215
recommendations for, 149
as safety alternative, 92-93
Sitka sac roe herring program and, 217-218
Coast Guard flag officer, as voting member of regional fishery management council, xvii, 154
Code for Safety for Fishermen and Fishing Vessels (IMO), 13
Collisions
fishing industry perspectives on, 84
human factors involved in, 102-105
vessel-related causes of, 80-81
Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission (Alaska), 196, 222
Commercial fishing accidents.
See Fatalities;
Fishing accidents;
Personal injuries;
Vessel casualties
Commercial Fishing Claims Register (CFCR), 17, 139, 194
Commercial fishing industry.
See Fishing industry
Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988 (CFIVSA), v, xv, 7, 136, 143, 195.
See also Federal legislation
requirements of, 14, 69, 91, 116, 139, 214, 225-226, 239
survival equipment regulations prescribed by, 122, 252
text of, 261-271
training guidelines pat forth by, 115
Commercial landings, 21
Committee recommendations.
See Safety recommendations
Communication
Competence standards development of, 114-115
requirements for, 152-153
Compliance examinations
Coast Guard, 92-93, 149, 213-218
to improve vessel safety, 10, 96
Computer software
to monitor professional registration, 71
to monitor safety performance, 17
Congress, U.S.
establishment of Coast Guard flag officer as voting member of regional fishery management council by, xvii, 154
role in fishing vessel safety, 8, 16
Conservation
economic interests and, 133
role of FMCs in, 131-132
Construction.
See Vessel design, construction, and maintenance
Convention Measurement Method, 223
Courtesy marine examinations (CMEs), 192-193, 216-217
Crew/crewmen, 2
Crew size, 237-238
Crushing injuries, 67-68
D
Data.
See CASMAIN data;
Safety data;
SAR data;
Vessel casualty data
Deckwear, protective, 127
Denmark, 181
Design.
See Vessel design, construction, and maintenance
Designers, 89-90
Det norske Veritas Classification (DnVC), 94, 240
Disappearances, 103-104
Distant-water fleets, 33-35
Dockside boarding program, 87-88
Document for Guidance on Fishermen's Training and Certification (IMO), 13
Documented fishing industry vessels
Drug violations, 216
Drydock examinations, 231-232
E
Economic concerns
competition between fishing industry and aquaculture products, 21
cost of equipment as, 14
of fishermen, 134
management innovations dealing with, 133-134
Education, 2
Education programs
behavioral change due to, 109
emergency preparedness, 112-114, 259
international, 181-184
leading to certification, 115-116, 152
licensing prerequisite, 116
Emergency equipment,
See also Survival equipment
Canadian requirements for, 107-108
examination to identify deteriorating, 114
failure to use, 104
relationship between fatalities and, 67
requirements regarding, 10, 232
Emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs), 14, 122, 125-126, 254, 257-259.
See also Survival equipment
Emergency preparedness
drills for, 123
recommendations for improvement of, 151
training for, 112-114
Engine failure, 81
Environmental conditions
as cause of casualties, 39, 49-52
flexible openings to accommodate adverse, 133, 134
in Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region, 31
in North Atlantic region, 29-30
in South Atlantic region, 30
in West Coast region, 33
Equipment.
See alsoEmergency equipment;
Survival equipment
high rate of failure in, xvi
Equipment requirements.
See also Emergency equipment;
Survival equipment
expansion of, 91-92
lifesaving, 10
of self-insurance pools, 137
standard setting for, 149
Explosions
fishing industry perspectives on, 84
vessel-related causes of, 79-80
Exposure, 120-121
External influences on safety
fisheries management as, 131-135
insurance issues as, 135-140
marine weather service as, 140-141
F
Falls
human causes of, 103-104
Fatalities
data regarding, 3, 17, 40, 43, 200-212.
See also CASMAIN data;
Safety data;
SAR data
data reporting, 59-62, 189, 190
definition of, 39
due to falls, 127
vessel size and, xvi, 62-64, 238
Fatigue
awareness of danger of, 117-118
as cause of accidents, 105
Federal government
lack of fishing industry regulations by, 5-6
marine surveys requirements of, 93-94
regulatory and compliance requirements of, 10
safety leadership recommendations for, 144
Federal legislation.
See also Commercial Fishing Industry Vessel Safety Act of 1988;
Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA) of 1976
affecting commercial fishing, 26-28
authority questions regarding, 13
Federal safety programs
lack of goals for, 15
prior efforts of, 7-10
strategies to improve, 69-71
Finland, 182
Fire-fighting equipment.
See also Emergency equipment;
Survival equipment
requirements regarding, 10, 88
Fires
on fish processing vessels, 47, 51
fishing industry perspectives on, 84
vessel-related causes of, 79-80
Fish processing industry, 21
Fish processing vessels
Fish tender vessels
load-line requirements for, 94
Fisheries management
halibut, 243-249
influence on safety of, 131-135
recommendations for, 154
sablefish, 249-250
Fishermen.
See also Human factors;
Population at risk
cultural and social organization of, 23-25, 105
definition of, 2
employment estimates regarding, 40, 41
human factors research applied to, 108-109
medical costs to, 137
as participants in labor market, 25-26
perceptions regarding survival equipment, 121-122, 124, 127
perspectives of, 106-107
professional registration for, 70-71
qualification standards for, 152
safety strategies for, 108-118
survival equipment use by, 123
Fishermen's Fund (Alaska), 5
Fishery management councils (FMCs)
management difficulties of, 131-133
role of, 27-29
voting position for marine safety organization on, xvii, 134, 154
Fishery management plans (FMPs), 28
expansion of safety emphasis on, 134-135
safety considerations in, 133
Fishing accidents.
See also Human factors;
Vessel safety
human factors in, 23, 99-100, 150-153, 180, 185,
See also Human factors
personal injuries in, 5, 40, 67-69, 138-139
population at risk and responsibility for, 5-7
public awareness of, v
vessels and lives lost in, 3, 5
weather as cause of, 140-141
Fishing fleet size, 18-20, 29, 39-41
Fishing industry.
See also individual countries;
International safety programs;
Regional fishing industry;
U.S. fishing industry
building safety awareness in, 110-112, 151
Canadian.
See Canada
fleet and work force data of, 18-20, 29, 39-41
legislation affecting U.S..
See Federal legislation
management of, 26-28
onboard conditions in, 106
perspectives of, 106-107
safety data in.
See CASMAIN data;
Safety data;
SAR data
safety problems associated with, v, xv-xvi, 1, 3, 6-7
safety programs conducted by, 10-12
Fishing vessel insurance.
See Insurance;
Insurance underwriting
Fishing vessel safety.
See Vessel safety
Fishing vessels, 4.
See also various listings under vessels
classification of, 4-5, 73-74, 94-95
design and construction of.
See Vessel design, construction, and maintenance
foreign, 33-34
inspection of.
See Vessel inspection
as integrated system, 74-75
longline, 243-250
number of U.S., 18-20, 29, 40,
See also Regional fishing industry
as operating unit or workplace, 82
removal from service of, 96-97, 150
safety performance of, 75-85, 235-237
safety standards for, 5-7, 149
strategies to improve safety on, 90-97
technological aspects of, 22-23
uninspected, 4, 74-85, 90-97, 101,
See also Uninspected vessels
Float coats.
See Survival equipment
Flooding
fishing industry perspectives on, 84
vessel-related causes of, 76-77
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 13, 179
Foreign fishing vessels, off Alaska, 33-34
Foundering
as cause of vessel-casualty-related fatalities, 59, 60
fishing industry perspectives on, 84-85
vessel-related causes of, 76-77
G
Grandfathering
as basis for issuing licenses, 117
for training programs, 116
Gravity drainage, 77
Great Britain, xvi, 178, 184, 186, 187.
See United Kingdom
Great Lakes and inland regions
overview of, 32
vessel casualties in, 45
Groundings
fishing industry perspectives on, 84
human factors involved in, 102, 103, 104
vessel-related causes of, 80
Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region
casualty data for, 45-46
overview of, 30-32
safety data for, 196
H
Halibut fishery, 243-249
Hawaii, 197
Human factors.
See also Fishermen
in Canadian accidents, 180, 185
categories of, 101-102
collisions due to, 102-105
See also CASMAIN data;
Safety data
definition of, 39
as element in total safety concept, 13-15
falls overboard or disappearances due to, 103-104
groundings due to, 80, 102, 103, 105
industry issues and, 105-108
material failures due to, 103
recommendations to increase awareness of safety to avoid accidents related to, 150-153
strategies for addressing, 108-118
of vessel casualties, 3, 47-51, 100-104
Human factors engineering, 92, 100
Human factors research
findings of, 108-110
nature of, 104-105
I
Immersion suits, 121, 252, 257, 259.
See also Survival equipment
IMO Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (1978), 13
IMO Subcommittee on Stability, Load Lines, and Safety of Fishing Vessels, 180
Imports, percentage of seafood, 21
Individual transferable quota (ITQ) systems, 133
Injuries.
See Personal injuries
Injury compensation
Jones Act and, 28
Inshore accidents, 101.
See also Fatalities;
Fishing accidents;
Vessel casualties
Inspection.
See Vessel inspection
Instructor certification, 115-116
Insurance
availability and affordability of, 136-137
compulsory, 139
loss-prevention role of, 137-138
overview of, 135
recommendations for, 154
role in safety improvement, 240-241
Insurance claims
injury data from, 67
Insurance underwriting
requirements of, 6
unresolved problems of, 138-139
International Labor Organization (ILO), 13, 179
International Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), 179-180.
See alsoInternational Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
codes and guidelines issued by, 13, 91
overview of, 179-180
training recommendations of, 112
International safety programs
Canadian, 14, 107-108, 128-129, 180, 185-186
effectiveness of, 186-187
and International Maritime Organization, 13, 91, 112, 179-180
table of various, 182-184
J
Joint ventures, U.S.-foreign off Alaska coast, 34
L
Labor Canada committee, 185-186
Labor Department, U.S., data collected by, 43
Labor market, 25-26
Legal liability.
Jones Act and, 28
Legislation.
See Federal legislation
Liability claims, 137
License
explanation of, 2
renewal, 117
Licensing programs
administration of, 117, 152, 153
distrust of fishermen for, 107
federal, 7
international, 178-179, 181-184
required, 116-117
skill and knowledge required for, 112, 113
state, 95
Lifesaving equipment.
See Emergency equipment;
Survival equipment
Limited-entry programs, 133
Load-line regulations, 12-13, 94
Longline vessels
halibut, 243-249
sablefish, 249-250
M
Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA) of 1976 , 22, 132, 154
amendment to provide for safety considerations due to environmental conditions, 134
upgrade of safety to national standards through, 135
Maintenance.
See also Vessel design, construction, and maintenance
methods to improve, 92-96
regulations governing, 88-89
Manning standards, 117-118
Marine Accident Report Form (Coast Guard), 146
Marine Index Bureau
data maintained by, 194
maintenance of claims by, 17, 195
Marine Safety Information System (MSIS) data, 47, 146, 192
Marine Safety Manual, Volume II (Coast Guard), 224
Marine Safety Network (MSN), 192
Marine surveys
explanation of, 89
federal requirements for, 93-94
Marine weather services, 140-141, 155
Maritime Administration (Department of Transportation), 8, 151
Master, 2
Material failures
explanation of, 81-82
fishing industry perspectives on, 85
human factors involved in, 103
regional variations in, 237
Maximum sustainable yield (MSY), 132
Mayaguez, 32
Medical costs, subsidized, 137
Menhaden fishery, 23
Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs), 229
Moral hazard, 138
Mortality data.
See Proportional mortality rates
Motivation measures, to improve vessel safety, 92, 93
Mutual associations, 137
N
National Council of Fishing Vessel Safety and Insurance (NCFVSI)
attempt to mobilize constituent support by, 16
goals of, 136
introduction of computer software to monitor vessel performance, 17
training programs conducted by, 11-12
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
compliance programs of, 10, 193
role in fishing vessel safety, 7, 131, 197
role in removing vessels from service, 150
safety handbook funded by, 9
study of safety and loss-prevention alternatives by, 8-9
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
data coordination with, 146
federal funds for programs conducted by, 9
National Safety Council (NSC), data collected by, 43
National Sea Grant College Program
role in fishing vessel safety, 7, 8
training programs by, 11
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 8, 76, 120, 193
National Weather Service, 8
Navigation and Vessel Inspection Safety Circular 5-86 (Coast Guard), 9
Navigation skills, 112
Netherlands, The, 186
NMFS Enforcement Management Information System, 193
Non-vessel-casualty-related fatalities, 39
Nonfatal injuries.
See also Personal injuries
recording of, 5
North Atlantic region
overview of, 29-30
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), 87, 88, 122, 257
Notices to Mariners (Coast Guard), 111
O
Occupational illness data, 195
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
compliance programs of, 10
inspections by, 226-227
safety and research role of, 8, 144, 150, 151
safety equipment development role of, 129
Office of Marine Safety, Security and Environmental Protection, 191
Offshore accidents, 101.
See also Fatalities;
Fishing accidents;
Vessel casualties
Openings
establishment of flexible season, 134
risk-taking and, 133
Operating procedures, establishment of standard, 114
Operational Law Enforcement Division (Coast Guard), 191
Optimum yield (OY), 132
Outfitting requirements
proposed regulations to expand, 90
of self-insurance pools, 137
vessel safety and, 87-88
Overfishing, foreign fishing activity and, 27
Owners/operators.
See Vessel owners/operators
P
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, 16
Passenger Ship Safety Certificate, 232
Personal flotation devices (PFDs).
See also Survival equipment
Coast-Guard approved inflatable, 256-257
explanation and types of, 254-256
fatalities and use of, 67
fishermen's knowledge regarding, 124
instructions for use of, 259
nonapproved, 124
Personal injuries
definition of, 39
insurance claim analysis and, 138-139
nonfatal, 5
population at risk and responsibility for, 5-7
workplace-related, 82-83
Personal locator beacons (PLBs), 259
PFD lights, 257
Ponce, 32
Population at risk.
See also Fishermen
data for, 65
defining, 5-7
strategies for influencing, 108, 109
Presail inspection requirement, 214
Processing-line workers, 3, 23
Professional registration, 70-71
Protective clothing, xvi.
See also Emergency equipment;
Survival equipment
Protective deckwear, 127
Puerto Rico, 31-32
R
Recertification, 231
Recreational boating safety data, 192-193
Regional fishing industry.
See also Fishing industry;
U.S. fishing industry
Alaska.
See Alaska
distant-water, 33-35
Great Lakes and inland, 32, 45
Gulf of Mexico and Carribean, 30-32, 45-46, 196
North Atlantic.
safety data for, 45-46, 59, 60, 195-197, 237
West Coast, 32-33, 45, 82, 84-85, 196, 237
Reinspection, 231.
See also Inspection
Research.
See Human factors research
Risk perceptions, 110
S
Sablefish longline fishery, 249-250
Sac roe herring fishery, 217-218
Safety
influence of fisheries management on, 131-135
insurance issues and, 135-140
marine weather services and, 140-141
need for federal leadership role in, 144
strategies for building awareness of, 110-112
total-concept approach to, 13-17, 143
Safety data.
See also CASMAIN data;
SAR data
Coast Guard, 188-193
development of new sources of, 195
Marine Index Bureau, 194
National Marine Fisheries Service, 193, 222
National Transportation Safety Board, 193
recommendations to update, 146-147
recreational boating, 192-193
regional, 195-197
strategies to improve, 69-71
vital statistics, 194-195
Safety equipment.
See Emergency equipment
Safety-improvement options.
See also Vessel safety strategies
for addressing human factors, 108-118
for building safety awareness, 110-112
in fishery management, 134-135
improved weather information access as, 141
for improving owner and operator accountability, 92-96
for improving professional competency, 112-117
for improving safety data, 70-71
for improving vessel fitness, 90-92
insurance issues and, 139-140
for survival problems, 128-130
vessel removal/retirement as, 96-97
Safety manuals, 9, 83, 111-112, 224
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
Safety programs.
See Federal safety programs;
International safety programs;
Vessel safety programs
Safety recommendations
enhancement of education and training infrastructure as, 152
establishment of basic professional qualification standards as, 152
establishment of federal leadership as, 144
establishment of vessel and equipment standards as, 149
expansion of safety awareness as, 151, 154
implementation of integrated safety strategy by stages as, 144-145
implementation timing for, 148
improvement of emergency prepardness as, 151
improvement of instructions for survival equipment as, 153
improvement of survival equipment as, 153-154
improvement of weather services as, 155
improvement of workplace safety as, 150
inspection requirements as, 149-150
removal of unfit vessels as, 150
requirement of professional competency as, 152-153
summary of, 155-156
upgrading safety administration as, 145-146
upgrading safety data as, 146-147
utilization of regulatory enforcement activities as, 149
SAR data
casualty causes and, 53-58, 140
distribution of, 54-56
for maintenance deficiencies, 75, 101
recommendations for upgrading, 146
Scuttling, 97
Search and rescue (SAR) data.
SeeSAR data
Seaworthy vessels, 85-86
SEER data, 42, 146, 191-192, 215-216
Self-help assistance programs, local, 12
Self-inspection programs, 6, 93, 186, 242
Self-insurance pools, 137, 140-141
Sinking.
See Foundering
Sitka sac roe herring fishery compliance examination program, 217-218
Software.
See Computer software
South Atlantic region
overview of, 30
safety data for, 196
Southwest Pacific region, 197
Spain, 186
Stability
capsizing related to, 77-79
data regarding, 75
IMCO panel on, 179
Standardized mortality rates (SMRs), 65
State government, role in vessel inspection, 95-96, 241
State-numbered fishing vessels
inspection of, 95
number of, 20
State of Alaska Fish and Game Processor Detail List, 36
Strategies.
See Vessel safety strategies
Stress, 105
Summary Enforcement Event Report (SEER) data, 42, 146, 191-192
Survival equipment.
See also Emergency equipment;
specific types of equipment
availability of, 254-259
data relating to, 119-120
fishermen's perceptions regarding, 121-122, 124, 127
gaps in, 127-128
instructions for using, 259
proficiency with, 122-124
recommendations for, 153-154
relationship of fatalities to, 67
requirements for, 120-121, 251-254
strategies for addressing inadequacies in, 128-129
technical issues related to, 124, 126-127
use and failure of, 123
Survival platforms, 127-128
Sweden, 183-184
T
Technology
impact on survival equipment, 126-127
as safety factor, 83-84
Tonnages, 223
Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels (1977), 9, 13, 179-180
Towing vessels, 233-234
Trade associations, 16
Training
Canadian emergency, 186
explanation of, 2
prerequisites prior to licensing, 116
Training programs.
See also Education
industry, 11-12
international, 181-184
leading to certification, 115-116, 152
Transportation, U.S. Department of role in fishing vessel safety, 8, 9
safety leadership recommendations for, 144
Trim and Stability Book, 230
Tuna industry
fishing operations in distant waters of, 34-35
island processing and canning operations of, 32
U
Underwater body inspections, 231-232
Underwriting.
See Insurance;
Insurance underwriting
Uninspected vessels.
See also Fishing vessels
Coast Guard compliance examinations for, 92-93
design, construction, and maintenance of, 75-74, 85-90
explanation of, 4
inspection programs for, 95
as integrated system, 74-75
performanace standards for, 101
safety problems of, 75-85
strategies to improve safety on, 90-97
United Kingdom, xvi, 178, 184, 186, 187
United Nations.
See also International Maritime Consultative Organization
international safety program started by, 179
role in fishing vessel safety guidelines, 13
U.S. fishing industry.
See also Fishing industry;
Regional fishing industry
number of vessels operating in, 18-20, 29, 40.
See also Fishing industry;
Regional fishing industry
overview of, 18-21
size of vessels operating in, 22
U.S. Virgin Islands, 31-32
V
Vessel casualties
definition of, 39
effectiveness of international measures to reduce, 186-187
nature of, 44-45
perspectives on vessel-related, 84-85
regional distribution of, 45-46
by vessel type and usage, 47
weather as cause of, 140-141
Vessel casualty data
CASMAIN.
See CASMAIN data
insurance claim analysis and, 138-139
overview of, 43-44
SAR.
See SAR data
SEER.
See SEER data
Vessel casualty rates
distribution of SAR cases and, 54-56
importance of developing, 53
overview of, 52-54
Vessel-casualty-related fatalities
capsizing and foundering as causes of, 59, 60
definition of, 39
Vessel damage, 44
Vessel design, construction, and maintenance.
See also Maintenance
by designer or surveyor, 89-90, 240
international standards for, 7
outfitting issues and, 87-88
in seaworthy vessel, 85-86
state of practice of, 86
strategies to improve, 90-91
technical guidelines for, 238
of uninspected vessels, 75-74, 85-90
Vessel identification system (VIDS), 70
Vessel inspection, 4
administration of, 227-232
applied to fishing industry vessels, 232-238
benefits of, 220
Coast Guard, 87, 95-96, 149-150
implementation of, 239-242
policy for, 224
statuatory and regulatory requirements of, 221-227
Vessel length.
SeeVessel size
Vessel owners/operators
competence standards for, 114, 152-153
improving vessel safety and accountability of, 92-96
licensing requirements for, 152
responsibility for safety, 6, 241-242
view of regulations, 109
Vessel registration
explanation of, 221-223
international, 181-184
as method of improving safety data, 70
Vessel removal programs, 96-97, 150
Vessel safety
data for assessing, 3, 5, 38-43
effectiveness of inspections in, 232-235
English-language fluency of fishermen and, 23, 24
fatality rate and, 59-67
human factors in, 3, 13-15, 69
improvement vessel-related, xv, xvii, 7-14, 70-71, 91-98
labor market behavior and, 25
monitoring and evaluating, 16-17
personal injury and, 67-69
recommendations for annual report on, 146-147
strategies to improve, 69-71
technology as factor in, 83-84
vessel casualties and, 43-59
Vessel Safety Handbook (Noah Pacific Fishing Vessel Owners' Association), 9
Vessel safety manuals, 83.
See also Safety manuals
Vessel safety problems.
See alsoVessel casualties
capsizing as, 77-79
collisions as, 80-81
fires as, 79-80
flooding and foundering as, 76-77
groundings as, 80
material failures as, 81-82, 237
workplace-related, 82-83
Vessel safety programs
industry, 10-12
infrastructure of, 15-16
international and foreign government, 12-14
prior federal, 7-10
Vessel safety strategies.
See also Safety-improvement options
for improving owner and operator accountability, 92-96
for improving safety data, 70-71
for improving vessel fitness, 90-92
and vessel removal or retirement, 96-97, 150
Vessel size
apsizing related to, 78
casualties and, 46-47, 52-54, 56
crew size and, 237-238
fatalities and, xvi, 62-64, 238
regulatory requirements and, 87
safety problems and, xvi
in U.S. fleet, 22
Vessel total losses
casualty data regarding, 44-46, 50
definition of, 39
vessel size and, 46
Vital statistics data, 194-195
Voluntary Guidelines for the Design, Construction and Equipment of Small Fishing Vessels (IMO), 13
Voluntary self-regulation, governing maintenance, 88
Voluntary Standards for U.S. Uninspected Commercial Fishing Vessels (Coast Guard), 260
W
Washington State
fatality data for, 62.
See Proportional mortality rates
population-at-risk studies in, 65-66
Watchkeeper, 3
Watchkeeping, criteria for, 117-118
Weather conditions, 140-141.
See Environmental conditions
Weather services
need to improve, 140-141
recommendations for, 154
West Coast region
foundering in, 84-85
overview of, 32-33
safety data for, 196
vessel casualties in, 45
Wholesale industry, 21
Working conditions, 26
Workmen's compensation, 43
Workplace
accidents in, 82-83
fishing vessel as, 82
recommendations to improve safety in, 150
