Substantial extra costs can be incurred, however, when facilities are built by more than one nation, arising, for example, from the increased complexity of coordinating technical interfaces and the necessity for duplicating some administrative efforts. Sometimes, international collaboration and scientific goals are most effectively advanced when nations build their own unique facilities, providing access to qualified scientists from other nations.

• The committee recommends that international cooperation be considered for the development of a major initiative if such a project draws on complementary capabilities of different nations or requires resources beyond those that can be provided by the United States alone.