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ARIE JAN HAAGEN-SMIT
December22, 1900-March IS, ·977
BY JAMES BONNER
ARIE JAN HAAGEN-SMIT was born December 22, 1900,
in Utrecht, a city in west central Holland. His father was
the chief chemist of the NetherIancts Royal Mint. The mint
macie goIc! and silver coins, and Arie's first chemistry lesson
consisted of playing hide-and-seek with his sisters among
piles of goIc! and silver bricks at the mint. He also hacl the
opportunity to watch his father dissolve goIct ant! silver coins
to analyze them for their gold, silver, anct copper content.
But Arie's interest in chemistry was not aroused; he found
the chemistry of goIct and silver quite dull.
In high school, Arie became enthusiastic about mathe-
matics. He taught himself calculus and found physics fasci-
nating. He also became intrigued with languages, which he
learned easily ant! found rewarding. In addition to English,
he studied French, German, and Latin. His only poor grade
in high school was in the Dutch language, ant! his wife, Zus,
tells us that Arie was always a poor speller in Dutch.
During his high school (lays he also cleveloped athletic
skills. He became a rower and would begin rowing as soon as
the canal ice melted in the spring. He also sailecl on the lakes
of HolIanc! ant! was a champion boxer. Between rowing and
boxing, he developed the largest biceps of any faculty mem-
ber in the California Institute of Technology Division of Biol-
189
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190
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
ogy up to about 1960. After 1960, when he gained worldwide
recognition for his outstanding work on air pollution, he al-
ways wore a coat with sleeves and it was no longer possible to
check on the status of his biceps.
In 191S, Arie entered the University of Utrecht and chose
chemistry as his major. His wife believes that he might have
become a mathematician or a physicist were it not for the fact
that he was counseled by university officials that no positions
were available in these fields in Holland. He studied chem-
istry as an undergraduate with a minor in mathematics. (As
my mother used to tell me, a little chemistry can do no harm,
and ~ sympathized with Haagy. ~ also had a chemistry under-
graduate degree with a minor in mathematics.)
When the time came for graduate school, Arie again
chose Utrecht and organic chemistry, considering inorganic
chemistry a dull "assembly of facts." His organic chemistry
professor at Utrecht at that time was P. van Romburgh, a
natural products chemist who soon had Arie isolating a der-
matitis-inducing agent from the outer layers (arils) of the
fruit of the cashew nut. The cashews, imported from Java,
were exotic and made Arie fee} that he was studying the
world. The agent from the arils, which became the subject of
Arie's first published paper, turned out to be a substance
closely related to the dermatitis-inducing agents of poison
oak and poison ivy, not surprising in that poison oak, poison
ivy, and the cashew nut are all species of the same family and
therefore closely related.
Van Romburgh retired in 1928 and was succeeded by the
young Leopold Ruzicka, fresh from Zurich. Ruzicka, then
the young giant of European organic chemistry, was totally
immersed in the study of the isoprenoids, in particular, the
isolation, structure, and synthesis of the sesquiterpenes.
Arie's work with Ruzicka resulted in his thesis, Investigations
in the Field of Sesquiterpenes. This work awakened in Arie a
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ARIE JAN HAAGEN-SMIT
191
lifelong interest in the chemistry of the terpenes, from the
lowliest isoprene to polyterpenes such as rubber.
Arie received his Ph.D. from the University of Utrecht in
1929 anc! stayed on as chief assistant in organic chemistry. In
this position, which has no exact correlative in American
chemistry departments, he was able to do his own research
on natural products but was also obliged to supervise uncler-
gracluate laboratory courses. It was an enviable position, but
poorly paicl.
In 1930, LeopoIc! Ruzicka was called back to Zurich to
become professor of organic chemistry at the Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology. He was immectiately succeeded at
Utrecht by Fritz Kogel, a German who brought with him his
assistant, Hanni ErxIeben. Arie stayocI on as chief assistant.
Utrecht at that time was the worict center for the stucly of
plant hormones. Caltech, which eventually numbered three
Utrecht graduates among its chemistry faculty, was basically
a substation of Utrecht for plant growth hormone studies
anti the only center for plant hormone stucly in the Unitec!
States.
While still a Utrecht graduate student, Frits Went devel-
opecl a biological assay for the plant-growth substance. Kogel,
with Arie's assistance, set out to isolate the active principle,
the plant-growth substance.
In 1954, Arie isolated this active material then callect
heteroauxin, now auxin. The work, published that same year,
established inclole-3-acetic acid as a plant-growth material
. . . .
wit n amen activity.
The isolation of this material laid the cornerstone of our
knowlecIge of plant-growth regulation. In 1935, Kenneth V.
Thimann at Caltech inclepenclently isolated inclole-3-acetic
acid from a cli~erent source. Where Arie had usect human
urine, Thimann usect culture medium from the fungus Rhi-
zopus but the substance was the same. Inclole-3-acetic acid
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192
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
was not isolated from higher plants and shown to be a hor-
mone until 1946, but the effects of Arie Jan Haagen-Smit's
findings about the chemical nature of the plant-growth reg-
ulator spread wicle long before the compound was estab-
lished as a natural plant component.
Arie never cIaimec} special credit for this great discovery.
Neither did he claim credit for an even more important final,
made in the summer of 1935. Frits Went, then a faculty mem-
ber at Caltech, spent that summer in Utrecht working with
Arie. They discoverect that substances never found in nature
but chemically similar to indole-3-acetic acicI, such as alpha-
naphthalene-acetic acid, can mimic completely the action of
incloleacetic acid in the control of plant growth. From this
discovery not patented by the discoverers—grew the whole
field of chemical control of plant growth, the invention of
2,4-D as a weed killer, the idea of selective herbicides, the
whole field of agricultural chemicals, anct a multibillion-
doliar business worIc~wide. This 1935 finding was monumen-
tal, its importance clocumentable only many years after the
fact.
Meanwhile, work in Utrecht on the plant-growth hor-
mone took a curious twist. The Went bioassay for auxin ac-
tivity is highly specific for the natural hormone or closely
relater! derivatives. In a series of papers publisher] in Hoppe-
Seyler's Zeitschr~ft fur physicalische Chemie in 1933 and 1934,
Kogel, Haagen-Smit, and ErxIeben clescribed the isolation in
pure form and the structure determination of two active
plant hormones, auxin a anct b.i Auxin was revealer! to be a
' These investigations took place from 1931 to 1936. From 1934 to 1935, I was a
postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Utrecht. I
got to know Haagen-Smit, Kogel, and Erxleben very well. Erxleben was responsible
for chemical degradations and structure determination, Haagen-Smit for isolation
and biological assays, and Kogel for overall master planning, writing, and publica-
tion. So far as I know, Haagen-Smit had nothing, or next to nothing, to do with the
chemistry or structure determination of auxin a and b.
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ARI E JA N HAA GE N - S M IT
193
trihydroxymonocarboxylic acid of eighteen carbon atoms.
Auxin b contained one less carbon atom and one hydroxy}
group, as well as one carbony! group. Auxin a was isolated
from human urine; auxin a and b were isolated from corn
oil. (Only a single sample, from Hungary, contained the two
hormones. All subsequent corn oil samples were free of both
auxin a and b.)
Though it was later possible to obtain degradation prod-
ucts and determine their structure, the isolation of auxins a
and b could never be repeated and turned out to be a scam
perpetrated by Hanni ErxIeben. ErxIeben left detailed note-
books in which samples were properly recorded. After the
end of World War IT, I. A. VIiegenthart, the new professor
of organic chemistry, reinvestigated these samples by mass
spectrometry.2
"Authentic" auxin a turned out to be cholic acid; similar
findings were made with respect to the degradation products.
It is now believed that auxins a and b never existed. Haagen-
Smit writes, "It is possible that the initial mistake was to ad-
vertise the purity of auxin a prematurely. Professor Kogel's
eagerness to publish and his dictatorial behavior possibly
made it very difficult for Miss ErxIeben to retract her error,
although this could have been done quite readily in the early
period. It was ErxIeben's persistence in covering up which
led to the unwitting involvement of many associates."3
In any event, Haagen-Smit did not worry greatly about
auxin a. Initially, he believed it existed, and after his arrival
at Caltech he established a factory to produce it. When this
factory produced only indole-3-acetic acid with no sign of
2 j. A. and J. F. G. Vliegenthart, "Reinvestigation of authentic samples of auxins
a- and lo-related products by mass spectrometry," Proceedings of the Recueils des
Travaux Chimique des Pays-Pas, 85(1966):1266-72.
3 From W. P. Jacobs, Plant Hormones and Plant Development (London: Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1979), p. 57.
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94
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
auxin a, he isolated indole-3-acetic acid from plants ant! from
urine ant! let it go at that.
Although Utrecht was the original center of plant hor-
mone work, Caltech grew in importance with the appoint-
ment of Herman Dolk ant! Kenneth Thimann to the faculty
in 1930. The plant hormone group was further enlarged by
the appointment of Frits Went and Johannes van Overbeek.
In 1935, Thimann left Caltech to establish a competing plant
hormone center at Harvard, and he persuaded Haagen-Smit
to come to Harvard for the 1936-1937 academic year. At
Harvard, however, the chemistry faculty could not ciecicle
whether or not there was such a thing as biochemistry, al-
though Thimann, with a Ph.D. in that subject, certainly tried
to convince them. In 1937, with Harvard in doubt about the
wisdom of appointing more biochemists, it was relatively easy
for Frits Went and Thomas Hunt Morgan, the chairman of
the Division of Biology at Caltech, to persuade Haagen-Smit
to return to Caltech. Arie ancI his wife Marie (known to all as
Zus), rapidly took root in Pasadena, where they raised their
children—Maria, Margaret, and ~ohanna (today Maria Van
Pelt, Margaret Daniel, and ~ohanna Demers), and a son, Jan,
from Arie's first marriage.
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
At Caltech Haagen-Smit undertook a variety of tasks to
determine, by trial and error, which would interest him the
most. With David Bonner he found that adenine was a leaf-
growth factor for radish leaves. With this author and James
English, he discovered that the wound] hormone active on
bean plants was I-decene-l, cloclecanoic acid. With Joseph
Koepfli and Gorclen Alles, he isolated the active principle of
Cannabis saliva (marijuana). With Edward Tatum, he identi-
fied the chemical nature of the precursor of the Drosophila
eye pigment, and with several of his students he attempted
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ARIE JAN HAAGEN-SMIT
195
the reisolation of auxins from plant material attempts that
always resulted in the isolation of inclole-3-acetic acid.
Terpenes, however, remained his greatest love. He inves-
tigated the leaf of] of the California bay tree, Umbellularia
californica, whose principal component is umbellulone. He
separated the terpenes of guayule leaf oil, Parthenium argen-
tatum, and, with Nicholas Mirov of the U.S. Forest Genetic
Station in Placerville, determined the composition of the tur-
pentines of a wide variety of pine trees. Separating the com-
ponents of the pine turpentines by fractional distillation, he
remarket! in later years how simple it all wouic! have been if
he hac! waited until gas chromatography had been invented.
He wrote what became a classic chapter on the chemistry,
origin, ant! function of essential oils in plants for Gunther's
948 The Essential Oils.
From the late 1940s onward, Haagen-Smit undertook a
massive program to determine the flavor components of the
pineapple. Reports of his studies with Arthur Prater, Clara
Deasy, and Justus Kirchner were published in a series of ar-
ticles beginning in 1945. This work led in turn to investiga-
tions of the flavor components of wines, onions, and garlic.
Haagen-Smit passed air over plants enclosed in translucent
plastic chambers, collecting in a coIc! trap the volatile flavor-
ing materials evaporated from the plants. Investigating the
chemical nature of these volatiles that is, the substances ctis-
tillec! oh plants exposed to the heat of sunlight—he founct
that there were many, particularly terpenes, that were clis-
tille(1 out of leaves and wastecl. In some cases, the amount of
terpenes waster! through distillation by sunlight amounted to
one-quarter or more of the total photosynthate of the plant.
Haagy had many graduate stuclents, including two of my
brothers, Walter and David. He was good with students, sug-
gesting interesting projects for them to work on, giving help-
fu! suggestions, and teaching a fascinating aclvanced class on
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196
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
the chemistry of natural products. This class was always well
attended. One of Haagy's graduate students toIct me several
years after his departure from Caltech that his notes on the
course "Chemistry of Natural Products" contained more
meat and information than his notes from any other class he
tract taken as a graduate student at the Institute.
In addition to sharing the academic burdens of teaching
and supervising graduate students, Arie served as the Divi-
sion of Biology's first executive officer, a position he heal for
six years. ~ remember there was so much work to clo as ex-
ecutive officer at the time that each evening, instead of a
briefcase, Arie took home a suitcase full of papers to work
on. In the morning, he brought back the suitcase full of re-
solved work.
SMOG AND MICROCHEMISTRY
Until well into Florid War IT, the gasoline proclucect in
southern California was produced by the straight fractional
distillation of crude of! ant! principally container! saturated
hydrocarbons. In the summer of 1943 a butactiene plant for
the manufacture of one monomer for a synthetic rubber
opened in Los Angeles. It quickly became surrounded by a
fog of beautiful, eye-irritating, orange vapor: Smog had been
born. The catalytic cracking of petroleum, which began on a
large scale at this time, lect to the production of a vast array
of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and soon the aerosol we now
know as smog was not only generated abundantly in indus-
trial Los Angeles but also cirifted from Los Angeles inland to
the San Gabriel Mountains. It travelled east as far as River-
si(le and even New Jersey! The aerosol, contained untler the
inversion layer characteristic of summer and fall clays in
southern California, couIcl not rise up and be (liluted.
In the late 1940s, no one knew the chemical nature of the
smoggy aerosol, although it was widely suspected that it had
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ARIE JAN HAAGEN-SMIT
197
something to do with emissions of petroleum products. The
Western Oil and Gas Association, the industrial association
of petroleum companies, engaged the services of the south-
ern branch of Stanford Research Institute to determine the
chemical nature of smog. They found that smog was causer!
by sulfur dioxide emissions. Stringent laws were immecliately
passed in Laos Angeles County, putting a lid on SO2 emissions,
and soon Los Angeles had the cleanest air from the stand-
point of SO2 pollution of any major city of the Unitec}
States.
But smog continues! to get worse, and at this point Haa-
gen-Smit intervened. His training and experience in micro-
chemistry that is, the determination of the chemical nature
of substances available only in very small quantities stood
him in gooct stead. He and his constant colleague, Charles E.
BracIley,4 determiner! that the aerosol was composed of
polymerized oxidation products of unsaturates] hydrocar-
bons. They further showed that these unsaturated hydrocar-
bons were releaser! from gasoline storage tanks, from the
gasoline tanks of automobiles, and were also present in the
exhaust of automobiles. Further study showed that the for-
mation of smog was even more complicatect because it was
not clue to unsaturated hydrocarbons alone, but to their ox-
iciation by ozone.
Early in the course of these investigations (work clone
in collaboration with Milton Zaitlin, Herbert Hall, and
W. Noble) it was also found that smog injured plants. Sensi-
tive plants such as spinach ant! alfalfa were used for sometime
to determine smog severity at smog-measuring stations
throughout Los Angeles County. Haagen-Smit and Charles
Bradley also worked out a simple quantitative method for
4 Charles E. Bradley was the retired head of chemical research for the United
States Rubber Company and the first professional chemist ever employed in the
rubber industry in the United States.
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198
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
determining ozone concentration in the air: Put a piece of
bent, anc! therefore stressed, rubber tubing into an air
sample and determine how long it takes for the stressed rub-
ber to crack a simple, elegant, ant! quick test for ozone con-
· . ~
centrat~on In air.
The single, localized smog source of ~ 943 was quickly con-
trolled by the reduction of leaks from the butadiene plant.
In the years after 1943? however, smog in Los Angeles grew
ever more intense and pervasive. In 1947 the Los Angeles
County Air Pollution Control District was formed by an act
of the California legislature to stucly the problem. It was also
provided with the legal tools to enforce measures necessary
for improving the situation. Haagen-Smit was instrumental
in persuading city, county, ant! state officials to establish this
organization and institute these important measures. By the
late 1940s, Haagen-Smit not only knew the nature of smog,
he realized the magnitude of the problem of clearing with it
ant! the need for action on a wide front. More research was
needed, for example, to find out in cletai! how the high oxi-
dant levels in Los Angeles air were generated.
From 1950 to 1959, Haagen-Smit took a year's leave of
absence from his academic post to lead the research efforts
of the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District.
These further stucties confirmed the cletails of the photo-
chemical cycle by which primary pollutants were transformed
into eye irritants and polymeric aerosols. The primary agents
in this process were the oxides of nitrogen that originated in
all high-temperature combustion in air (the combination of
oxygen and nitrogen at high pressure and temperature and
the rapic! quenching of the reaction). These conclusions were
not at all readily accepted by the automobile industry, how-
ever, anc! it was not until 1954 that general agreement as to
the chemical nature of smog and the photochemical nature
of its genesis was achieved.
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ARIE JAN HAAGEN-SMIT
207
With D. Bonner and F. Went. Leaf growth factors, a bioassay and
source for leaf growth factors. Bot. Gaz. (Chicago), 101:128.
With i. English, fir., and I. Bonner. The wound hormones of plants.
II. The isolation of a crystalline active substance. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 25:323.
With I. English, Jr., and [. Bonner. The wound hormones of plants.
IV. Structure and synthesis of a traumatin. l. Am. Chem. Soc.,
61:3434.
1940
With C. Wawra, J. Koepfli, G. Alles, G. Feigen, and A. Prater. A
physiologically active principle from Cannabis saliva (mari-
juana). Science, 91:602.
Research in plant hormones: History, development, methods,
achievements. Pac. Chem. Metall. Ind., p. 22.
With A. Prater. The excystment of protozoa; Isolation of crystalline
excystment factors for Colpoda duodenarza. ]. Cell. Comp. Phys-
iol., 15:95.
With A. Prater. Sealable absorption microtube. Ind. Eng. Chem.,
12:184.
With A. Prater. Microhydrogenation apparatus. Ind. Eng. Chem.,
12:705.
1941
With E. Tatum. Identification of Drosophila V + hormone of bac-
terial origin. l. Biol. Chem., 140:575.
The essence of plants and its separation. Plant Culture League, 3.
With W. Leech and W. Bergen. Estimation, isolation, and identifi-
cation of auxins in plant material. Science, 93:624.
1942
With G. Alles, G. Feigen, and W. Dandliker. Evidence of another
physiologically active principle in Cannabis saliva (marihuana).
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76:21.
With H. Bonner. Poisonous plants in California. Plant Culture
League, 4.
With W. Leech and W. Bergen. The estimation, isolation, and iden-
tification of auxins in plant materials. Am. l. Bot., 29:500:
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208
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With I. Raper. Sexual hormones in Achlya. IV. Properties of hor-
mone A of Achlya bisexuals. ]. Biol. Chem., 143:31 1.
1943
With C. Jeffries and J. Kirchner. Separation of carotenes from xan-
thophylls. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15:179.
With S. Lepkovsky and E. Roboz. Xanthurenic acid and its role in
the tryptophane metabolism of pyridoxine-deficient rats. J.
Biol. Chem., 149:195.
1944
Chemical constituents of California oils; Guayule and bay oil. In:
Proceedings, Conference on the Cultivation of Drug and Associated
Plants in California.
With I. Overbeek and R. Siu. Factors affecting the growth of Datura
embryos in vitro. Am. I. Bot., 31:219.
The chemistry of essential oils. Chem. Dig., 13:167.
With R. Siu. Chemical investigations in guayule. I. Essential oil
of guayule, Parthenium argentatum, gray. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
66:2068.
Studies on the culturing in vitro of immature plant embryos. Yearb.
Am. Philos. Soc., p. 170.
1945
With R. Siu and G. Wilson. A method for the culturing of excised,
immature corn embryos in vitro. Science, 101:234.
With I. Kirchner, A. Prater, and C. Deasy. Chemical studies of pine-
apple (Ananas satins Lividly. I. The volatile flavor and odor
constituents of pineapple. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 67:1646.
With I. Kirchner, C. Deasy, and A. Prater. Chemical studies of pine-
apple (Ananas satins Lindl.~. II. Isolation and identification of
a sulfur-containing ester in pineapple. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
67:1651.
Essential oils. Eng. Sci. (Caltech), vol. 7.
1946
With l. Kirchner and A. Prater. Separation of acide by chromato-
graphic adsorption of their p-phenylphenacyl esters. Ind. Eng.
Chem., 18:31.
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A RI E JAN HAAGEN - S M IT
209
With W. Dandliker, S. Wittwer, and A. Murneek. Isolation of 3-
indoleacetic acid from immature corn kernels. Am. [. Bot,
33:118.
Flavor studies on pineapple. Am. Perfum. Essent. Oil Rev., 48:62.
With A. Strickland, C. fearers, and I. Kirchner. Studies on vitamin
A content of canned pineapple. Food Res., 11:142.
1947
With C. Redemann and N. Mirov. Composition of gum turpentine
of Torrey pine. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 69:2014.
Precision with carbon big-organic chemistry. Eng. Sci. (Caltech),
10~5), 17.
With A. Strickland. Chemical substances inducing excystment of
the resting cysts of Colpoda duodenar~a. ]. Cell. Comp. Physiol.,
30:381.
With H. Friedgood, i. Garst, and L. Steinitz. The concentration
and preservation of urinary substances by lyophilization.
Science, 105:99.
Pine oleoresins. Proc. Drug Assoc. Econ. Plants, p. 268.
1948
With A. Strickland. The excystment of Colpoda duodenaria. Science,
107:204.
The chemistry, origin, and function of essential oils in plants. In:
The Essential Oils, vol. 1, pp. 15-77. New York: D. Van Nostrand
Co., Inc.
With H. Borsook, C. Deasy, J. Keighley, and P. Lowy. Alpha-
aminoadipic acid: A product of lysine metabolism. T. Biol
Chem., 173:423.
With H. Borsook, C. Deasy, J. Dubnoff, C. Fong, W. Fraser, G.
Keighley, and P. Lowy. Protein and peptide turnover with re-
spect to lysine in guinea pig liver homogenate. Fed. Proc. Fed
Am. Soc. Exp. Biol., 7:22a.
With H. Borsook, C. Deasy, G. Keighley, and P. Lowy. Isolation of
a peptide in guinea pig liver homogenate and its turnover of
leucine. J. Biol. Chem., 174:1041.
With H. Borsook, C. Deasy, G. Keighley, and P. Lowy. The degra-
dation of L-lysine in guinea pig liver homogenate: Formation
of alpha-aminoadipic acid. {. Biol. Chem., 176: 1383.
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210
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With H. Borsook, C. Deasy, G. Keighley, and P. Lowy. The degra-
dation of alpha-aminoadipic acid in guinea pig liver homoge-
nate.J. Am. Chem. Soc., 176:1395.
With C. Fong. Chemical investigation of guayule. II. The structure
of partheniol, a sesquiterpene alcohol from guayule. J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 70:2075.
With H. Friedgood and J. Garst. A new method for the separation
of androgens from estrogens and for the partition of estriol
from the estrone-estradiol fraction with special reference to the
identification and quantitative microdetermination of estrogens
by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry. J. Biol. Chem.,
174:523.
Azulenes. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst., 5:40.
With E. Roboz. A mucilage from aloe Vera. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
70:3248.
1949
Essential oils a brief survey of their chemistry and production in
the United States. Econ. Bot., 3:71.
The chemistry of flavor. Eng. Sci. (Caltech), 12~61:3.
With N. Mirov and T. Wang. Chemical composition of gum tur-
pentines of pines: A report on Pinus strobes, P. cembra, P. toeda,
P. radiata, and P. virginiana. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 38:403.
With N. Mirov and J. Thurlow. Composition of gum turpentine of
Pinus lambertiana. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 38:407.
With C. Bradley. The essential oil of Pectis papposa. Econ. Bot.,
30:407.
With F. Hirosawa and T. Wang. Chemical studies on grapes and
wines. I. Volatile constituents of Zinfandel grapes (Vitis vinifera,
var. Zinfandel). Food Res., 14:472.
1950
With T. Wang and N. Mirov. Composition of gum turpentines of
Pinus ar~stata, P. balfouriana, P. pexibilis, and P. parviflora. J. Am.
Pharm Assoc., 39:254.
Plant growth hormones. Sci. Couns., 8:7.
With C. Redemann, T. Wang, and N. Mirov. Composition of gum
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ARI E JAN H AA GEN - S M IT
211
turpentines of pines: A report on Pinus ponderosa, ~ banksiana,
~ canar~en~s~s, and ~ washoens~s. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 39:260.
With T. Wang and N. Mirov. Composition of gum turpentines of
Pinus ar~stata, ~ balfourzana, P. Rebills, and P. parvipora. ]. Am.
Pharm. Assoc., 39:254.
With I. Pinckard and L. Zechmeister. Contribution to the structure
of pro-y-carotene and prolycopene obtained from various
sources. Arch. Biochem., 26:358.
Second Technical and Administrative Report on Air Pollution Con-
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
biographical memoirs
